Mason Astrophysics Update 2

1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-3-540-30313-8
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 398 Seiten

'Astrophysics Updates' is intended to serve the information needs of professional astronomers and postgraduate students about areas of astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology that are rich and active research spheres. Observational methods and the latest results of astronomical research are presented as well as their theoretical foundations and interrelations. The contributed commissioned articles are written by leading exponents in a format that will appeal to professional astronomers and astrophysicists who are interested in topics outside their own specific areas of research. This collection of timely reviews may also attract the interest of advanced amateur astronomers seeking scientifically rigorous coverage.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Mason, John

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Editor’s Preface;5
2;List of Contributors;9
3;Contents;11
4;1 Chemistry of Low Mass Substellar Objects;14
4.1;1.1 Introduction;14
4.2;1.2 Classi.cation Schemes;16
4.3;1.3 Effective Temperatures along the L and T Dwarf Sequence;19
4.4;1.4 The Case for Condensate Cloud Layers;20
4.5;1.5 Chemistry of Selected Elements;22
4.6;1.6 Kinetics;31
4.7;1.7 Summary: A Chemical Temperature Scale;34
4.8;References;37
5;2 Neutron Star Structure and Fundamental Physics;42
5.1;2.1 Introduction;42
5.2;2.2 Neutron Star Interiors: Fundamental Physics;46
5.3;2.3 An Overview of Recent Observational Advances;47
5.4;2.4 Constraints from Fast X-ray Timing;53
5.5;2.5 Constraints from High Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy;60
5.6;2.6 Future Prospects;61
5.7;References;63
6;3 Six Years of Chandra Observations of Supernova Remnants;68
6.1;3.1 Introduction;68
6.2;3.2 The Point Sources in Supernova Remnants;70
6.3;3.3 Basic View of the Debris and Gaseous Parts of Remnants;101
6.4;3.4 Studying Ejecta in Supernova Remnants with Chandra;102
6.5;3.5 Shock Properties;116
6.6;3.6 Acknowledgements;119
6.7;References;119
7;4 Galaxy Collisions – Dawn of a New Era;127
7.1;4.1 Introduction: Some Past Highlights and Current Issues;127
7.2;4.2 Induced Star Formation and Winds;134
7.3;4.3 Environmental E.ects;150
7.4;4.4 Interactions and Galaxy Evolution;154
7.5;4.5 Archaeology;159
7.6;4.6 Coming Attractions;160
7.7;4.7 Acknowledgements;162
7.8;References;162
8;5 Formation and Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes;171
8.1;5.1 Introduction;171
8.2;5.2 BH Growth;173
8.3;5.3 Interpretation of the Mbh . s Relation;182
8.4;5.4 Stellar Cusps and Cores and Binary Black Holes;191
8.5;5.5 History of Accretion onto SMBH: X-ray Constraints;195
8.6;5.6 Conclusion;196
8.7;References;199
9;6 Quasars and Their Host Galaxies;206
9.1;6.1 Introduction;206
9.2;6.2 New Surveys for Quasars;208
9.3;6.3 Black Hole Masses and their Implications;208
9.4;6.4 Radio-loudness of Quasars;209
9.5;6.5 Clustering of Quasars;211
9.6;6.6 High-z Quasars and Reionization;211
9.7;6.7 Broad Absorption Line Quasars;212
9.8;6.8 Finding the Obscured Quasar Population;212
9.9;6.9 Quasar Host Qalaxy Studies;213
9.10;6.10 Open Questions;217
9.11;References;219
10;7 Applications of Gravitational Lensing in Cosmology;223
10.1;7.1 Introduction;223
10.2;7.2 Basic Principles of Gravitational Lensing;225
10.3;7.3 Structure and Contents of Galaxies;234
10.4;7.4 Galaxy Clusters;242
10.5;7.5 Large-scale Structures;252
10.6;7.6 Summary;258
10.7;References;260
11;8 The Oldest Stars;267
11.1;8.1 Introduction;267
11.2;8.2 Low-Metallicity Stars;269
11.3;8.3 Ongoing Surveys for Metal-Poor Stars, and the Nature of the Halo Metallicity Distribution Function;270
11.4;8.4 Recent Results from High-Resolution Spectroscopic Follow- Up;275
11.5;8.5 Next Generation Surveys for Low-Metallicity Stars;285
11.6;References;289
12;9 Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies;294
12.1;9.1 Introduction;294
12.2;9.2 The Discovery of ULIRGs;298
12.3;9.3 The Physics of Local ULIRGs;300
12.4;9.4 The Emerging Picture of ULIRGs: Local Universe;317
12.5;9.5 ULIRGs at High Redshift;320
12.6;9.6 ULIRGs and Large-Scale Structure;329
12.7;9.7 Open Questions and New Directions;332
12.8;References;336
13;10 The Role of Galactic Winds in Galaxy Formation;346
13.1;10.1 The Astrophysics of Galaxy Formation;346
13.2;10.2 Basic Feedback Physics;348
13.3;10.3 Measured Properties of Galactic Out.ows;351
13.4;10.4 Constraints and Challenges for Dynamical Models;358
13.5;10.5 Cosmological Impact of Galactic Winds;362
13.6;10.6 Summary and Future Direction;368
13.7;References;369
14;11 Astronomy with Extremely Large Telescopes;372
14.1;11.1 Introduction;372
14.2;11.2 Extremely Large Telescopes;375
14.3;11.3 Some Science Drivers for a 50m to 100m ELT;381
14.4;11.4 Science with ELTs up to 30m;391
14.5;11.5 Complementing Other Facilities;394
14.6;11.6 Conclusion;396
14.7;References;396
15;Index;400