Mayr Paleogene Fossil Birds

2009
ISBN: 978-3-540-89628-9
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 262 Seiten

In the present book the Paleogene fossil record of birds is detailed for the first time on a worldwide scale. I have developed the idea for such a project for several years, and think that it is an appropriate moment to present a summary of our c- rent knowledge of the early evolution of modern birds. Meanwhile not only is there a confusing diversity of fossil taxa, but also significant progress has been made concerning an understanding of the higher-level phylogeny of extant birds. Hypotheses which were not considered even a decade ago are now well supported by independent analyses of different data. In several cases these group together morphologically very different avian groups and allow a better understanding of the mosaic character distribution found in Paleogene fossil birds. The book aims at bringing some of this information together, and many of the following data are based on first-hand examination of fossil specimens.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Mayr, Gerald

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Acknowledgements;6
3;Contents;7
4;Chapter 1 Introduction;12
5;Chapter 2 Stratigraphy and Major Fossil Localities;15
5.1;2.1 Europe;15
5.2;2.2 Asia;17
5.3;2.3 North America;18
5.4;2.4 Central and South America;19
5.5;2.5 Africa;20
5.6;2.6 Australia, New Zealand, and Antarctica;20
6;Chapter 3 Higher-Level Phylogeny of Extant Birds;22
7;Chapter 4 Mesozoic Neornithes;28
8;Chapter 5 Palaeognathous Birds;33
8.1;5.1 †Lithornithidae;34
8.2;5.2 †Palaeotididae, †Remiornithidae, and †Eleutherornithidae;36
8.3;5.3 †Eremopezidae;39
8.4;5.4 Rheidae (Rheas);40
8.5;5.5 Casuariidae (Emus and Cassowaries);41
8.6;5.6 Putative Ratite from the Eocene of Antarctica;41
9;Chapter 6 Galloanseres;42
9.1;6.1 Galliformes (Landfowl);42
9.2;6.2 †Gastornithidae;51
9.3;6.3 †Dromornithidae;54
9.4;6.4 Anseriformes (Waterfowl);55
9.5;6.5 †Pelagornithidae (Bony-Toothed Birds);62
10;Chapter 7 Aquatic and Semiaquatic Taxa;67
10.1;7.1 Fregatidae (Frigatebirds) and Suloidea (Gannets, Boobies, Cormorants, and Anhingas);67
10.2;7.2 †Plotopteridae;73
10.3;7.3 Sphenisciformes (Penguins);76
10.4;7.4 Gaviiformes (Loons);81
10.5;7.5 Procellariiformes (Tubenoses);82
10.6;7.6 Scopidae (Hamerkop), Balaenicipitidae (Shoebill), and Pelecanidae (Pelicans);86
10.7;7.7 Ardeidae (Herons);86
10.8;7.8 †Xenerodiopidae;87
10.9;7.9 Threskiornithidae (Ibises);87
10.10;7.10 Ciconiidae (Storks);90
10.11;7.11 †Prophaethontidae and Phaethontidae (Tropicbirds);90
11;Chapter 8 Charadriiformes (Shorebirds and Allies);93
11.1;8.1 Lari (Gulls, Auks, and Allies);94
11.2;8.2 Charadrii (Plovers and Allies);95
11.3;8.3 Scolopaci (Sandpipers and Allies);96
12;Chapter 9 “Core-Gruiformes” (Rails, Cranes, and Allies);98
12.1;9.1 †Messelornithidae and †Walbeckornis;98
12.2;9.2 Ralloidea (Finfoots and Rails);101
12.3;9.3 Gruoidea (Trumpeters, Limpkins, and Cranes);104
13;Chapter 10 Phoenicopteriformes (Flamingos) and Podicipediformes (Grebes);109
14;Chapter 11 Columbiformes (Doves and Sandgrouse), Cuculiformes (Cuckoos), and Other Neoavian Taxa of Uncertain Affinities;114
14.1;11.1 Columbiformes (Doves and Sandgrouse);114
14.2;11.2 Opisthocomiformes (Hoatzin);115
14.3;11.3 †Foratidae;115
14.4;11.4 Musophagiformes (Turacos);116
14.5;11.5 Cuculiformes (Cuckoos);116
14.6;11.6 †Pumiliornis and †Morsoravis;117
14.7;11.7 †Parvicuculidae;118
14.8;11.8 Otididae (Bustards), Eurypygidae (Sunbittern), Rhynochetidae (Kagu), and Mesitornithidae (Mesites);119
15;Chapter 12 “Caprimulgiformes” and Apodiformes (Nightjars and Allies, Swifts, and Hummingbirds);121
15.1;12.1 †Fluvioviridavidae;121
15.2;12.2 Steatornithidae (Oilbirds);126
15.3;12.3 Podargidae (Frogmouths);126
15.4;12.4 †Protocypselomorphus;127
15.5;12.5 †Archaeotrogonidae;128
15.6;12.6 Nyctibiidae (Potoos) and Caprimulgidae (Nightjars);130
15.7;12.7 Aegothelidae (Owlet-Nightjars) and Apodiformes (Swifts and Hummingbirds);131
16;Chapter 13 Cariamae (Seriemas and Allies);141
16.1;13.1 †Phorusrhacidae;141
16.2;13.2 †Idiornithidae and †Elaphrocnemus;144
16.3;13.3 †Bathornithidae;148
16.4;13.4 †Ameghinornithidae;150
16.5;13.5 †Salmilidae;152
16.6;13.6 †Gradiornis;154
17;Chapter 14 “Falconiformes” (Diurnal Birds of Prey);155
17.1;14.1 Falconidae (Falcons);155
17.2;14.2 †Masillaraptor;157
17.3;14.3 †Teratornithidae and Cathartidae (New Word Vultures);158
17.4;14.4 †Horusornithidae;160
17.5;14.5 Sagittariidae (Secretary Birds), Pandionidae (Ospreys), and Accipitridae (Hawks and Allies);160
18;Chapter 15 Strigiformes (Owls);164
18.1;15.1 †Berruornis and †Sophiornithidae;164
18.2;15.2 †Protostrigidae;165
18.3;15.3 †Ogygoptyngidae;166
18.4;15.4 †Necrobyinae, †Palaeoglaucidae, and †Selenornithinae;167
19;Chapter 16 Arboreal Birds;170
19.1;16.1 Leptosomidae (Courols);170
19.2;16.2 Coliiformes (Mousebirds);172
19.3;16.3 Psittaciformes (Parrots);178
19.4;16.4 †Zygodactylidae and Passeriformes (Passerines);185
19.5;16.5 Trogoniformes (Trogons);192
19.6;16.6 Bucerotes (Hornbills, Hoopoes, and Woodhoopoes);192
19.7;16.7 Coraciidae/Brachypteraciidae (Rollers and Ground Rollers);195
19.8;16.8 Alcediniformes (Bee-Eaters, Kingfishers, Todies, and Motmots);198
19.9;16.9 Piciformes (Jacamars, Puffbirds, Woodpeckers, and Allies);200
19.10;16.10 †Gracilitarsidae;202
19.11;16.11 †Cladornithidae;204
20;Chapter 17 Paleogene Avifaunas: Synopsis of General Aspects;206
20.1;17.1 Continental Avifaunas of the Northern Hemisphere;206
20.2;17.2 Continental Avifaunas of the Southern Hemisphere;210
20.3;17.3 Ecological Interactions;215
21;Appendix;221
22;References;227
23;Index;254