McGrath / Siddall / Thring Advances in Magnetohydrodynamics

Proceedings of a Colloquium Organized by the Department of Fuel Technology and Chemical Engineering at Sheffield University, October 1961
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-2312-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 150 Seiten, Web PDF

Advances in Magnetohydrodynamics is a collection of papers that deals with the MHD process such as the fundamental properties of gases passing through magnetic fields, estimates of performance of different MHD systems, and pilot plant investigations. One paper investigates the role that both electrons and positive ions play in the processes occurring in an MHD generator during the braking of the gas stream. Another paper discusses the motion of a partially ionized gas through a magnetic field by considering the macroscopic equations of motion of the individual component gases consisting of neutrals, ions, and electrons. A high electron temperature can occur under conditions of low pressure and high acceleration (rapid expansion) of flowing plasma, such as can happen in forms of magnetoplasmadynamic electrical power generator. One paper examines any occurrence and effects of electron temperature (which is higher than the gas temperature) on ionization, electrical conductivity, and on ion-electron recombination process under these conditions. The paper concludes that the elevated electron temperature effect is not significant in practical devices such as those found in the d.c. transverse magnetic field arrangement of an electrical power generator. The collection can prove useful for mathematicians, students, or professors in advanced mathematics or physics. Engineers or technicians interested in power generation and regulation will find the collection valuable.

Autoren/Hrsg.

McGrath, I. A.

Siddall, R. G.

Thring, M. W.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Advances in Magnetohydrodynamics;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;LIST OF SYMBOLS;8
6;INTRODUCTION;12
7;SECTION 1;18
7.1;CHAPTER 1. GAS BRAKING PROCESSES IN MHD-TYPE ELECTRIC GENERATORS;18
7.1.1;THE BASIC PROBLEM;18
7.1.2;IONIC MOTION IN THE MAGNETIC FIELD REGION;19
7.1.3;MOMENTUM TRANSFER PROCESSES;25
7.1.4;PRACTICAL GENERATOR EXPERIENCE;28
7.1.5;REFERENCE;28
7.2;CHAPTER 2. SOME ASPECTS OF THE THEORY OF MHD GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY;30
7.2.1;CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM;31
7.2.2;APPLICATION TO AN MHD GENERATOR;32
7.2.3;MOMENTUM TRANSFER BETWEEN PLASMA AND NEUTRAL GAS;34
7.2.4;REFERENCES;36
7.3;CHAPTER 3. ELECTRON TEMPERATURE IN THE RAPID EXPANSION OF A PLASMA FLOW;38
7.3.1;1. INTRODUCTION;38
7.3.2;2. TWO-FLUID MODEL;39
7.3.3;3. ELECTRON TEMPERATURE IN A "SEEDED" PLASMA;49
7.3.4;4. DISCUSSION;55
7.3.5;5. CONCLUSIONS;56
7.3.6;REFERENCES;56
7.4;CHAPTER 4. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF FLAMES SEEDED WITH LARGE CONCENTRATIONS OF SODIUM, BARIUM, AND STRONTIUM;58
7.4.1;1. INTRODUCTION;58
7.4.2;2. APPARATUS;58
7.4.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;59
7.4.4;REFERENCES;65
7.5;CHAPTER 5. INITIAL EXPERIMENTS IN THE ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN 2 CM SHOCK TUBE;66
7.5.1;1. INTRODUCTION;66
7.5.2;2. APPARATUS;68
7.5.3;3. MEASUREMENTS;72
7.5.4;4. CONCLUSIONS;73
7.5.5;REFERENCES;76
8;SECTION 2;78
8.1;CHAPTER 6. THE INFLUENCE OF THERMAL IONIZATION PROCESSES ON THE DESIGN OF A FOSSIL FUELLED MHD POWER GENERATOR;78
8.1.1;1. INTRODUCTION;78
8.1.2;2. THERMAL IONIZATION PROCESSES;79
8.1.3;3. THE NGN EQUILIBRIUM, LOW PRESSURE MHD GENERATOR;88
8.1.4;4. CONCLUSIONS;91
8.1.5;REFERENCES;91
8.2;CHAPTER 7. OPTIMUM MACH NUMBER IN THE DIRECT CURRENT MHD GENERATOR;92
8.3;CHAPTER 8. THE CONSTANT TEMPERATURE MHD GENERATOR;98
8.3.1;INTRODUCTION;98
8.3.2;DUCT LENGTH;100
8.3.3;EFFICIENCY;101
8.3.4;MINIMUM LENGTH;102
8.3.5;OPTIMUM MACH NUMBER;104
8.3.6;CONCLUSIONS;107
8.3.7;REFERENCES;107
8.4;CHAPTER 9. A MAGNETOPLASMADYNAMIC POWER GENERATION EXPERIMENT;108
8.4.1;1. INTRODUCTION;108
8.4.2;2. MPD POWER GENERATION EXPERIMENT;109
8.4.3;3. PROGRESS;114
8.4.4;4. CONCLUSIONS;114
8.4.5;REFERENCES;115
8.5;CHAPTER 10. THE MERCURY CLOSED-CYCLE EXPERIMENT;116
8.5.1;REFERENCES;120
9;SECTION 3;122
9.1;CHAPTER 11. A.C. GENERATION;122
9.1.1;1. INTRODUCTION;122
9.1.2;2. PULSE JET RESULTS;122
9.1.3;3. ANALOGUE EXPERIMENT RESULTS;128
9.1.4;4. CONCLUSIONS;129
9.1.5;6. REFERENCE;129
9.2;CHAPTER 12. EXPERIMENTS WITH A MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC FUEL OIL RIG;130
9.2.1;INTRODUCTION;130
9.2.2;MHD CONSTRUCTIONAL PROBLEMS;130
9.2.3;EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS;131
9.2.4;REFERENCES;133
9.3;CHAPTER 13. DEVELOPMENTS IN THE MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA;134
9.3.1;1. INTRODUCTION;134
9.3.2;2. DIRECT CURRENT DUCTS;134
9.3.3;3. GAS CONDUCTIVITY;144
9.3.4;4. EXPLORATORY WORK ON ALTERNATIVE SYSTEMS OF MHD GENERATION;147
9.3.5;SUMMARY AND CONCLUDING REMARKS;149
9.3.6;REFERENCES;151
9.4;CHAPTER 14. THE STEPS NECESSARY ON A NATIONAL BASIS TO PRODUCE A PRACTICAL MHD GENERATOR;152
9.4.1;1. THE FOUR STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT;152
9.4.2;2. STAGE 1. FUNDAMENTAL APPLIED RESEARCH;154
9.4.3;3. STAGE 2. DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL PILOT PLANT;155
9.4.4;4. STAGE 3. THE LARGE PILOT PLANT;156
9.4.5;6. CONCLUSIONS;157
9.4.6;REFERENCE;157
10;INDEX;158