McLean Geo-Spatial Technologies in Urban Environments

Policy, Practice, and Pixels
1. Auflage 2005
ISBN: 978-3-540-26676-1
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 176 Seiten

Using Geospatial Technologies in Urban Environments simultaneously fills two gaping vacuums in the scholarly literature on urban geography. The first is the clear and straightforward application of geospatial technologies to practical urban issues. By using remote sensing and statistical techniques (correlation-regression analysis, the expansion method, factor analysis, and analysis of variance), the - thors of these 12 chapters contribute significantly to our understanding of how geospatial methodologies enhance urban studies. For example, the GIS Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographers (AAG) has the largest m- bership of all the AAG specialty groups, followed by the Urban Geography S- cialty Group. Moreover, the Urban Geography Specialty Group has the largest number of cross-memberships with the GIS Specialty Group. This book advances this important geospatial and urban link. Second, the book fills a wide void in the urban-environment literature. Although the Annals of the Association of American Geographers has recently established an editorship devoted to human environmental issues (“Nature and Society”), re- tively few of the articles in this section of the journal have focused specifically on urban-environmental topics. Likewise, of the textbooks in urban geography p- lished over the past decade (Knox, 1994; Pacione, 2001; Kaplan, Wheeler, and Holloway, 2004), none has offered a single chapter on urban-environmental qu- tions, and only passing references to such topics as urban heat islands.

Autoren/Hrsg.

McLean, Daniel

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;5
2;Dedications;7
3;Contents;8
4;About the Contributors;13
5;1 Applying Geospatial Technologies in Urban Environments;15
5.1;1.1 About this book;15
5.2;1.2 Chapters;16
6;2 Remote Sensing of Impervious Surfaces and Building Infrastructure;19
6.1;2.1 Introduction;19
6.2;2.2 Conventional Methods;20
6.3;2.3 Remote Sensing Process;20
6.4;2.4 Conclusion;34
6.5;References;34
7;3 Policy Implications of Remote Sensing in Understanding Urban Environments: Developing a Wetlands Inventory for Community Decision- Making in Lucas County, Ohio;36
7.1;3.1 Wetlands;37
7.2;3.2 Study Area;38
7.3;3.3 Background;40
7.4;3.4 Analysis;43
7.5;3.5 Conclusions;47
7.6;3.6 Acknowledgements;48
7.7;References;48
8;4 Making Spatial Data Usable to the General Public: a Case Study in Tax Mapping;50
8.1;4.1 Background;50
8.2;4.2 GIS and Public Access to Tax Data;52
8.3;4.3 Organizing GIS Data Layers;52
8.4;4.4 Creation of the Tax Map Public Access Website;53
8.5;4.5 Implementation of the Website;56
8.6;4.6 Discussion;57
8.7;4.7 Conclusion;57
8.8;References;59
9;5 Modeling Human-Environment Interactions;60
9.1;5.1 The Expansion Method;60
9.2;5.2 Making Sense of the Local: The Use of the Expansion Method to Assess and Explore Contingency;61
9.3;5.3 Human & Physical Applications: Combination;63
9.4;5.4 Rationale for Adopting Casetti to Model Human- Environment Interaction;64
9.5;5.5 Conclusion;64
9.6;References;66
10;6 The Relationship Between Urban Leaf Area and Summertime Household Energy Usage;68
10.1;6.1 Introduction;68
10.2;6.2 Methods;69
10.3;6.3 Results;72
10.4;6.4 Discussion;73
10.5;Acknowledgement;74
10.6;References;74
11;7 The Urban Environment, Socioeconomic Conditions, and Quality of Life: An Alternative Framework for Understanding and Assessing Environmental Justice;76
11.1;7.1 Introduction;76
11.2;7.2 Methods;79
11.3;7.3 Results;82
11.4;7.4 Discussion;83
11.5;References;83
12;8 Image Homogeneity and Urban Demographics: An Integrated Approach to Applied Geo-techniques;86
12.1;8.1 Image Texture;86
12.2;8.2 Methods;87
12.3;8.3 Results;89
12.4;8.4 Discussion;91
12.5;References;92
13;9 Local Government Perceptions of Urban Forestry;93
13.1;9.1 Composition and size of the Urban Forest;95
13.2;9.2 Policy Learning;95
13.3;9.3 The Political Leader’s View of the Urban Forest;96
13.4;9.4 Knowledge, the Relationship Model, Understanding and Closing the Gap in Local Government Perceptions of the Urban Forest;101
13.5;References;101
14;10 Satellite Remote Sensing of Urban Heat Islands: Current Practice and Prospects;103
14.1;10.1 Current Practice in Remote Sensing of UHIs;104
14.2;10.2 Basic Theory of Thermal Remote Sensing of LST;105
14.3;10.3 Recent Trends;109
14.4;10.4 Urban Heat Island vs. Urban Heat Sink: Case Studies;110
14.5;10.5 Discussion and Conclusions;117
14.6;References;119
15;11 Remote Sensing as a Program Assessment Device: The case of Urban Forestry and the Competition for Local Investment;124
15.1;11.1 The Politics of Local Economic Development;125
15.2;11.2 From Grassroots to Public Policy: Environmentalism;126
15.3;11.3 Urban Forestry Assessment Case Studies;134
15.4;11.4 Urban Forestry Policies Up Close;137
15.5;11.5 Methods;141
15.6;11.6 Conclusion;142
15.7;Acknowledgement;143
15.8;References;143
16;12 Urban Sprawl Detection Using Satellite Imagery and Geographically Weighted Regression;147
16.1;12.1 Introduction;147
16.2;12.2 Change Detection Techniques;149
16.3;12.3 Geographically Weighted Regression;150
16.4;12.4 Data and Methods;151
16.5;12.5 Results;154
16.6;12.6 Conclusion;160
16.7;References;160
17;13 Satellites, Census, and the Quality of Life;162
17.1;13.1 Study Area;162
17.2;13.2 Census Data;163
17.3;13.3 Factor Analysis;164
17.4;13.4 Observed Values;166
17.5;13.5 Structural Variables from Landsat Imagery;171
17.6;13.6 NDVI from Multispectral Imagery;171
17.7;13.7 Predicted Values;171
17.8;13.8 Regression;175
17.9;13.9 Summary and Conclusion;178
17.10;References;178
18;14 Urban Environmental Approaches: Policy, Application & Method;180
18.1;14.1 Case Studies;180
18.2;14.2 Conclusion;182
18.3;References;183
19;Index;184