Miller / Ullrey / Lewis Swine Nutrition

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-6211-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 692 Seiten, Web PDF

Swine Nutrition is a comprehensive text-reference that deals with the various aspects and knowledge in swine nutrition. The book is basically about nutrient utilization by swine. The topics discussed concerning this subject are factors influencing swine nutrition, nutrient bioavailability, appetite and feeding behavior, physical forms of feed, environment and management, immunocompetence, genetic and sex considerations, mycotoxins, and intestinal microbiology. Major and unique feedstuffs, feeding regimen in different stages of growth, and techniques in swine nutrition research are also elaborated. The text will be useful to students of advance swine nutrition courses as well as those seeking information in swine nutrition.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Miller, Elwyn R.

Ullrey, Duane E.

Lewis, Austin J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Swine Nutrition;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Contributing Authors;12
6;Preface;18
7;PART I: Interdependencies of Swine and Humans;20
7.1;Chapter 1. Of Pigs and People;22
7.1.1;HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE;22
7.1.2;ANATOMIC AND PHYSIOLOGIC SIMILARITIES;25
7.1.3;NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF PIGS AND PEOPLE;27
7.1.4;THE PIG AS AN ANIMAL MODEL FOR NUTRITION RESEARCH;29
7.1.5;PORK IN THE HUMAN DIET;32
7.1.6;REFERENCES;40
7.2;Chapter 2. Ethology: Pigs and People;44
7.2.1;EATING AND DRINKING AND MEANS OF FEEDING AND WATERING;45
7.2.2;MATING BEHAVIOR AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE;46
7.2.3;MANAGING FRUSTRATION;46
7.2.4;ENVIRONMENTAL ENRICHMENT;47
7.2.5;OPERANT CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL FEATURES;47
7.2.6;OPERANT CONTROL OF PHOTOPERIOD;47
7.2.7;OPERANT CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENTAL TEMPERATURE;48
7.2.8;PREFERENCE TESTS;48
7.2.9;AGGRESSION AMONG GROUPMATES;48
7.2.10;CONTACT WITH HUMANS;49
7.2.11;VOCALIZATIONS;49
7.2.12;CODA;50
7.2.13;REFERENCES;50
8;PART II: Development of Nutritional Capabilities;54
8.1;Chapter 3. Digestion and Absorption Capacity and Their Development;56
8.1.1;ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY;57
8.1.2;ENDOCRINOLOGY OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM;57
8.1.3;THE CONCEPT OF FIRST-LIMITING FACTORS;64
8.1.4;EVIDENCE THAT FOOD INTAKE AND APPETITE ARE LIMITING FACTORS;66
8.1.5;DIGESTION-ABSORPTION CAPACITY: FIXED OR RESPONSIVE;66
8.1.6;POSTNATAL DEVELOPMENT OF DIGESTION-ABSORPTION CAPACITY;67
8.1.7;ADAPTIVE RESPONSES OF DIGESTION ABSORPTION CAPACITY;79
8.1.8;REFERENCES;90
8.2;Chapter 4. Characteristics of Obese and Lean Swine;94
8.2.1;TYPES OF PIGS;94
8.2.2;GROWTH;95
8.2.3;REPRODUCTION;96
8.2.4;NUTRITION;97
8.2.5;ENDOCRINE AND METABOLITE STATUS;99
8.2.6;ADIPOSE TISSUE;101
8.2.7;MUSCLE;103
8.2.8;CONCLUSION;103
8.2.9;ADDENDUM;104
8.2.10;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;105
8.2.11;REFERENCES;105
8.3;Chapter 5. Maximizing Lean Tissue Growth: Genetic, Nutritional, and Environmental Factors;110
8.3.1;GENETICS;111
8.3.2;SEX;112
8.3.3;WEIGHT;113
8.3.4;NUTRITION;113
8.3.5;FEEDING SYSTEM;116
8.3.6;ENVIRONMENT;117
8.3.7;IMMUNOLOGY;119
8.3.8;SUMMARY;120
8.3.9;REFERENCES;120
8.4;Chapter 6. Impact of Porcine Somatotropin and Beta-Adrenergic Agonists in Swine;122
8.4.1;PORCINE SOMATOTROPIN;122
8.4.2;BETA-ADRENERGIC AGONISTS;129
8.4.3;SUMMARY;134
8.4.4;REFERENCES;134
9;PART III: Nutrient Utilization by Swine;138
9.1;Chapter 7. Energy Utilization in Swine Nutrition;140
9.1.1;ENERGY EVALUATION OF FEED INGREDIENTS;141
9.1.2;EFFICIENCY OF ENERGY UTILIZATION;144
9.1.3;NUTRIENT: ENERGY RATIOS;146
9.1.4;FACTORS AFFECTING ENERGY UTILIZATION;146
9.1.5;ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF PIGS;147
9.1.6;REFERENCES;150
9.2;Chapter 8. Fat in Swine Nutrition;152
9.2.1;BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS;153
9.2.2;SPECIFIC USES OF FAT IN SWINE DIETS;154
9.2.3;FAT IN STARTING PIG DIETS;155
9.2.4;FAT IN GROWING-FINISHING PIG DIETS;156
9.2.5;FAT IN SOW DIETS;157
9.2.6;FAT IN NEONATAL PIGLET DIETS;161
9.2.7;FAT SOURCES;162
9.2.8;REFERENCES;162
9.3;Chapter 9. Amino Acids in Swine Nutrition;166
9.3.1;PROTEINS AND NONPROTEIN NITROGEN;166
9.3.2;ESSENTIALITY OF AMINO ACIDS;168
9.3.3;AMINO ACID BALANCE (PROTEIN QUALITY);169
9.3.4;LIMITING AMINO ACIDS IN FEEDS;171
9.3.5;DIET FORMULATION ON THE BASIS OF AMINO ACIDS;173
9.3.6;AMINO ACID AVAILABILITY;174
9.3.7;AMINO ACID—ENERGY REQUIREMENTS;174
9.3.8;USE OF CRYSTALLINE AMINO ACIDS;175
9.3.9;AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS;177
9.3.10;REFERENCES;180
9.4;Chapter 10. Calcium, Phosphorus, and Vitamin D in Swine Nutrition;184
9.4.1;CALCIUM;184
9.4.2;VITAMIN D;195
9.4.3;PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CALCIUM, PHOSPHORUS, AND VITAMIN D NUTRITION;197
9.4.4;REFERENCES;199
9.5;Chapter 11. Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, and Chloride in Swine Nutrition;202
9.5.1;CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS;202
9.5.2;NUTRIENT ALLOWANCES;207
9.5.3;REFERENCES;209
9.6;Chapter 12. Vitamin E and Selenium in Swine Nutrition;212
9.6.1;HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE;212
9.6.2;SOURCES;212
9.6.3;SELENIUM AND VITAMIN E METABOLIC ROLE;216
9.6.4;SELENIUM AND VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY IN SWINE;221
9.6.5;SELENIUM AND VITAMIN E TOXICOSIS;226
9.6.6;SELENIUM AND VITAMIN E REQUIREMENTS;228
9.6.7;REFERENCES;229
9.7;Chapter 13. Vitamins A and K in Swine Nutrition;234
9.7.1;VITAMIN A;234
9.7.2;VITAMIN K;244
9.7.3;REFERENCES;250
9.8;Chapter 14. The Water-Soluble Vitamins in Swine Nutrition;254
9.8.1;THIAMIN;254
9.8.2;RIBOFLAVIN;257
9.8.3;IMIACIN;259
9.8.4;PANTOTHENIC ACID;261
9.8.5;VITAMIN B6;263
9.8.6;BIOTIN;266
9.8.7;FOLIC ACID;269
9.8.8;VITAMIN B12;271
9.8.9;CHOLINE;274
9.8.10;ASCORBIC ACID;276
9.8.11;REFERENCES;279
9.9;Chapter 15. Iron, Copper, Zinc, Manganese, and Iodine in Swine Nutrition;286
9.9.1;IRON;287
9.9.2;COPPER;290
9.9.3;ZINC;293
9.9.4;MANGANESE;295
9.9.5;IODINE;296
9.9.6;INTERACTIONS OF IRON, COPPER, AND ZINC;298
9.9.7;REFERENCES;300
9.10;Chapter 16. Fiber Utilization by Swine;304
9.10.1;DEFINITION OF FIBER;304
9.10.2;CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FIBER;305
9.10.3;METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF FIBER AND FIBER COMPONENTS;307
9.10.4;UTILIZATION OF FIBER AND FIBER COMPONENTS;308
9.10.5;FIBER AND MINERAL UTILIZATION;311
9.10.6;FIBER AND RATE OF DIGESTA PASSAGE;312
9.10.7;SUMMARY;313
9.10.8;REFERENCES;313
9.11;Chapter 17. Antimicrobial Agents;316
9.11.1;ANTIMICROBIALS AND REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY;322
9.11.2;MODE OF ACTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS;324
9.11.3;PROPER USAGE—RESIDUE AVOIDANCE;327
9.11.4;SAFETY OF ANTIBIOTICS;328
9.11.5;ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF ANTIBIOTICS;331
9.11.6;REFERENCES;331
9.12;Chapter 18 Water: The Forgotten Nutrient;334
9.12.1;IMPORTANCE OF WATER;334
9.12.2;WATER TURNOVER;334
9.12.3;WATER REQUIREMENT;335
9.12.4;WATER QUALITY;338
9.12.5;REFERENCES;342
10;PART IV: Factors Influencing Swine Nutrition;344
10.1;Chapter 19. Bioavailability of Amino Acids in Feedstuffs for Swine;346
10.1.1;DIGESTIBILITY OF AMINO ACIDS;347
10.1.2;AVAILABILITY OF AMINO ACIDS;353
10.1.3;USE OF BIOAVAILABLE AMINO ACIDS IN DIET FORMULATION;353
10.1.4;SUMMARY;356
10.1.5;REFERENCES;357
10.2;Chapter 20. Bioavailability of Minerals and Vitamins;360
10.2.1;MINERAL BIOAVAILABILITY;360
10.2.2;VITAMIN BIOAVAILABILITY;367
10.2.3;REFERENCES;375
10.3;Chapter 21. Appetite and Feeding Behavior;380
10.3.1;APPETITE;380
10.3.2;FOOD PREFERENCES;381
10.3.3;INNATE FOOD AVERSIONS;382
10.3.4;LEARNED FOOD AVERSION;382
10.3.5;MEAL PATTERNS;383
10.3.6;HUNGER;384
10.3.7;SATIETY;385
10.3.8;REFERENCES;389
10.4;Chapter 22. Physical Forms of Feed: Feed Processing and Feeder Design and Operation;392
10.4.1;FEED PROCESSING METHODS;392
10.4.2;FEEDER DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT;402
10.4.3;REFERENCES;404
10.5;Chapter 23. Environment and Management Factors That Influence Swine Nutrition;406
10.5.1;ENVIRONMENT;406
10.5.2;MANAGEMENT AND ENVIRONMENT;412
10.5.3;REFERENCES;416
10.6;Chapter 24. Nutritional and Environmental Influences on Immunocompetence;420
10.6.1;INFECTION AND DISEASE;421
10.6.2;ENERGY INTAKE;422
10.6.3;PROTEIN;422
10.6.4;POSTWEANING DIARRHEA AND CREEP FEED;425
10.6.5;VITAMIN E AND SELENIUM;427
10.6.6;IRON AND IMMUNOCOMPETENCE;427
10.6.7;VITAMIN A;428
10.6.8;ZINC AND IMMUNITY;429
10.6.9;OTHER NUTRIENTS AND THE IMMUNE SYSTEM;429
10.6.10;REFERENCES;430
10.7;Chapter 25. Genetic and Sex Considerations in Swine Nutrition;434
10.7.1;BOARS, GILTS, BARROWS;434
10.7.2;BREEDS AND LINES;439
10.7.3;REFERENCES;443
10.8;Chapter 26. Mycotoxins in Swine Feeds;444
10.8.1;AFLATOXIN;445
10.8.2;TOXIC METABOLITES FROM FUSARIUM SPECIES;447
10.8.3;OTHER MYCOTOXINS;452
10.8.4;REFERENCES;453
10.9;Chapter 27. Intestinal Bacteria and Their Influence on Swine Nutrition;458
10.9.1;ESTABLISHMENT OF THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION;458
10.9.2;DISTRIBUTION AND TYPES OF BACTERIA;459
10.9.3;FERMENTATION OF DIETARY COMPONENTS;461
10.9.4;CONCLUSIONS;464
10.9.5;REFERENCES;465
11;PART V: Applied Feeding of Swine;468
11.1;Chapter 28. Major Feedstuffs Used in Swine Diets;470
11.1.1;CEREALS AND CARBOHYDRATE BY-PRODUCTS;483
11.1.2;SILAGES;488
11.1.3;FAT AND OIL PRODUCTS;488
11.1.4;PLANT PROTEIN PRODUCTS;491
11.1.5;ANIMAL PROTEIN PRODUCTS;495
11.1.6;CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS SOURCES;498
11.1.7;REFERENCES;499
11.2;Chapter 29. Feeding Neonatal Pigs;502
11.2.1;WEANING AT ONE DAY OF AGE;502
11.2.2;REFERENCES;511
11.3;Chapter 30. Feeding Pigs Weaned at Three to Four Weeks of Age;516
11.3.1;NURSERY CONSIDERATIONS;516
11.3.2;NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS;516
11.3.3;DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY;518
11.3.4;SIMPLE VERSUS COMPLEX DIETS;521
11.3.5;NUTRITIONAL DIARRHEA;523
11.3.6;FEED ADDITIVES;524
11.3.7;SUMMARY;526
11.3.8;REFERENCES;526
11.4;Chapter 31. Feeding Growing-Finishing Pigs;528
11.4.1;ANTIBIOTICS AND HIGH LEVELS OF COPPER;531
11.4.2;COMPARISON OF BARROWS AND GILTS;532
11.4.3;EFFECT OF NUTRITION ON CARCASS COMPOSITION;532
11.4.4;REFERENCES;534
11.5;Chapter 32. Feeding Developing Gilts and Boars;536
11.5.1;SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF DEVELOPING GILTS;536
11.5.2;SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF DEVELOPING BOARS;538
11.5.3;RELATIONSHIP OF NUTRITION DURING GROWTH AND REPRODUCTIVE DEVELOPMENT OF GILTS;539
11.5.4;FEEDING DEVELOPING BOARS;542
11.5.5;SUMMARY;544
11.5.6;REFERENCES;544
11.6;Chapter 33. Feeding Sows to Maximize Reproductive and Lactation Capabilities;546
11.6.1;PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS;547
11.6.2;ENERGY;550
11.6.3;MINERALS;559
11.6.4;VITAMINS;562
11.6.5;WATER;567
11.6.6;ANTIBIOTICS;567
11.6.7;MOLDS;568
11.6.8;FEEDSTUFF UTILIZATION;568
11.6.9;REFERENCES;570
12;PART VI: Feeding Unique Feedstuffs to Swine;576
12.1;Chapter 34. Utilization of Liquid Whey in Feeding Swine;578
12.1.1;NUTRIENT COMPOSITION;578
12.1.2;UTILIZATION;580
12.1.3;PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS;585
12.1.4;REFERENCES;590
12.2;Chapter 35. Raw and Processed Soybeans in Swine Diets;592
12.2.1;NUTRITIONAL IMPORTANCE;593
12.2.2;REFERENCES;602
12.3;Chapter 36. Utilization of Cereal Grain By-products in Feeding Swine;604
12.3.1;MARKET AVAILABILITY OF GRAIN BYPRODUCTS;604
12.3.2;FEEDING VALUE;605
12.3.3;DESCRIPTION AND EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF GRAIN BY-PRODUCT INGREDIENTS;605
12.3.4;SUMMARY;611
12.3.5;REFERENCES;611
13;PART VII: Techniques in Swine Nutrition Research;614
13.1;Chapter 37. Computer Modeling for Diet Optimization;616
13.1.1;LINEAR PROGRAMMING IN DIET FORMULATION;616
13.1.2;NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING;619
13.1.3;STOCHASTIC SIMULATION;621
13.1.4;REFERENCES;623
13.2;Chapter 38. Statistical Techniques for the Design and Analysis of Swine Nutrition Experiments;624
13.2.1;DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS;624
13.2.2;FUNDAMENTALS OF ALL EXPERIMENTS;625
13.2.3;STRUCTURES OF ALL EXPERIMENTS;626
13.2.4;METHODS OF IMPROVING PRECISION OF DESIGNED EXPERIMENTS;630
13.2.5;ANALYSIS OF DATA;633
13.2.6;INTERPRETATION AND PRESENTATION OF RESULTS;638
13.2.7;ROLE OF THE STATISTICIAN IN EXPERIMENTATION;640
13.2.8;REFERENCES;640
13.3;Chapter 39. Digestion and Metabolism Techniques in Pigs;642
13.3.1;QUANTIFYING EXCRETIONS AND SECRETIONS;642
13.3.2;DIGESTIBILITY OF INGREDIENTS AND NUTRIENTS;644
13.3.3;NUTRIENT BALANCE;645
13.3.4;FEED INTAKE;645
13.3.5;NITROGEN AND AMINO ACID DIGESTIBILITY AND METABOLISM;646
13.3.6;FIBER AND DIGESTION;647
13.3.7;ENERGY DIGESTION AND METABOLISM;647
13.3.8;SUMMARY;648
13.3.9;REFERENCES;648
13.4;Chapter 40. Techniques for Measuring Body Composition of Swine;650
13.4.1;THE IMPORTANCE OF BODY COMPOSITION MEASUREMENT;650
13.4.2;BODY COMPOSITION METHODOLOGY;651
13.4.3;COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES DURING GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION;657
13.4.4;FACTORS INFLUENCING COMPOSITIONAL PATTERNS;660
13.4.5;SUMMARY;663
13.4.6;REFERENCES;663
13.5;Chapter 41. Surgical Techniques;668
13.5.1;CARE AND USE OF SWINE IN EXPERIMENTAL SURGERY;668
13.5.2;PREPARATION FOR ASEPTIC SURGERY;668
13.5.3;PRESURGICAL CARE OF THE ANIMAL;669
13.5.4;ANESTHESIA;669
13.5.5;MONITORING THE ANIMAL DURING AND AFTER SURGERY;670
13.5.6;SURGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR SELECTED IN VIVO NUTRITION STUDIES;671
13.5.7;REFERENCES;679
14;Index;682