Moellering Spatial Database Transfer Standards

Current International Status
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9255-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 260 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: International Cartographic Association

Since the 1960's individuals and organisations throughout the world have been building geographic databases used in conjunction with geographic hardware and software systems to collect, analyse, display and archive digital data. Through the years it was recognised that efficiencies could be gained if the geographic database built by one group could be used by multiple users across different computer systems and formats. Therefore, it was acknowledged that spatial database transfer standards were needed to facilitate the exchange and transfer of digital geographic data.Throughout the 1980's several organisations worldwide began working on the problem of producing spatial database transfer standards. As this work was initiated, research workers began to informally compare notes and developments. The International Cartographic Association [ICA], recognising the worldwide importance of standards, organised a Standards Working Group. The initial goal of this working group was to produce a monograph reporting on the present state of development in digital database transfer standards.This book is a unique collection of reports by individual nations and international organisations that describe existing geographic standards and summarize efforts to develop geographic database transfer standards worldwide.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Moellering, H.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Spatial Database Transfer Standards: Current International Status;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;PRESIDENTIAL FOREWORD;6
6;PREFACE;8
7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;9
8;CHAPTER 1. APPROACHES TO SPATIAL DATABASE TRANSFER STANDARDS: AN INTRODUCTION;14
8.1;INTRODUCTION;14
8.2;BASIC CONCEPTS;16
8.3;THE DATABASE TRANSFER PROCESS;22
8.4;DESIRED CHARACTERISTICS OP THE TRANSFER PROCESS;29
8.5;CARTOGRAPHIC OBJECTS;31
8.6;DATA QUALITY;32
8.7;CARTOGRAPHIC ENTITIES;32
8.8;THE TRANSFER MACHINERY;33
8.9;OVERVIEW OF STANDARDS EFFORTS;34
8.10;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;39
8.11;REFERENCES;40
9;CHAPTER 2. AUSTRALIAN STANDARDS FOR SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER;41
9.1;ABSTRACT;41
9.2;INTRODUCTION;41
9.3;AUSTRALIAN STANDARD 2 482;42
9.4;U.S. SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD;45
9.5;A NEW AUSTRALIAN STANDARD;46
9.6;CONCLUSIONS;49
9.7;REFERENCES;49
10;CHAPTER 3. THE AUSTRIAN STANDARD FOR DIGITAL EXCHANGE OF GEOGRAPHIC-GEOMETRICAL DATA;50
10.1;ABSTRACT;50
10.2;INTRODUCTION;50
10.3;BACKGROUND AND HISTORY;51
10.4;SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE STANDARD;52
10.5;FUTURE WORK AND DIRECTIONS;55
10.6;CONCLUSION;56
10.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;56
10.8;REFERENCES;56
11;CHAPTER 4. CANADIAN EFFORTS TO DEVELOP SPATIAL DATA EXCHANGE STANDARDS;58
11.1;ABSTRACT;58
11.2;INTRODUCTION;58
11.3;CANADIAN COUNCIL ON SURVEYING AND MAPPING (CCSM) NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR THE EXCHANGE OF DIGITAL TOPOGRAPHIC DATA;59
11.4;MAP DATA INTERCHANGE FORMAT (MDIF);67
11.5;MAP AND CHART DATA INTERCHANGE FORMAT (MACDIF);69
11.6;THE CANADIAN GENERAL STANDARDS BOARD (CGSB) COMMITTEE ON GEOMATICS (COG);73
11.7;THE GEOGRAPHIC DOCUMENT ARCHITECTURE;75
11.8;REFERENCES;78
12;CHAPTER 5. THE EFFORTS OF GIS STANDARDIZATION IN CHINA;81
12.1;INTRODUCTION;81
12.2;SCOPE AND GENERAL GOAL OF THE EFFORTS;82
12.3;HISTORY AND BACKGROUND;84
12.4;DESCRIPTION OF THE CURRENT EFFORT;84
12.5;CONCLUSION;87
13;CHAPTER 6. THE STANDARDIZATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATA INTERCHANGE IN FINLAND;88
13.1;ABSTRACT;88
13.2;INTRODUCTION;88
13.3;SCOPE AND GENERAL GOALS;89
13.4;HISTORY AND BACKGROUND;90
13.5;RESULTS OF STANDARDIZATION;92
13.6;IMPLEMENTATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL DATA INTERCHANGE;95
13.7;CONCLUSIONS;95
13.8;REFERENCES;96
14;CHAPTER 7. LA NORMALISATION DES ECHANGES D·INFORMATIONS GEOGRAPHIQUES EN FRANCE;98
14.1;ABSTRACT;98
14.2;INTRODUCTION;98
14.3;OBJET ET OBJECTIF DE L'EFFORT NATIONAL;100
14.4;DESCRIPTION DE L'ETAT D'AVANCEMENT;101
14.5;CONCLUSION;108
14.6;RAPPORTS DE LA COMMISSION;109
14.7;REFERENCES;110
14.8;ACRONYMS USED IN THE TEXT;111
15;CHAPTER 8. GERMAN DEVELOPMENTS ON SPATIAL DATA EXCHANGE STANDARDS;112
15.1;ABSTRACT;112
15.2;INTRODUCTION;112
15.3;SCOPE AND GENERAL GOALS;113
15.4;PROM ALK TO ATKIS;116
15.5;CURRENT EFFORTS;117
15.6;REFERENCES;122
16;CHAPTER 9. STANDARDIZATION EFFORTS IN HUNGARY;124
16.1;INTRODUCTION;124
16.2;BACKGROUND;124
16.3;REQUIREMENTS;125
16.4;SCOPE AND GENERAL GOALS;126
16.5;CONCEPTUAL PLATFORM;126
16.6;DEFINITIONS;127
16.7;ENCODING OF TOPOGRAPHIC OBJECTS;129
16.8;DATA QUALITY;130
16.9;STANDARDIZATION OF DIGITAL CADASTRAL MAPPING;132
16.10;TECHNICAL REPORTS ON DATA STANDARDIZATION;134
16.11;REFERENCES;135
17;CHAPTER 10. THE STANDARDIZED EFFORTS FOR DIGITAL CARTOGRAPH DATA IN JAPAN;136
17.1;INTRODUCTION;136
17.2;SCOPE AND GENERAL GOALS OF THE STANDARDS EFFORT;137
17.3;BRIEF HISTORY AND BACKGROUND;138
17.4;STANDARD PROCEDURE AND DATA FORMAT FOR DIGITAL MAPPING;142
17.5;REFERENCES;146
18;CHAPTER 11. STANDARDIZATION OP SPATIAL DATA EXCHANGE IN NEW ZEALAND;148
18.1;INTRODUCTION;148
18.2;SCOPE AND GENERAL GOALS;149
18.3;HISTORY AND BACKGROUND;150
18.4;CURRENT WORK;150
18.5;CONCLUSION;151
18.6;REFERENCES;151
19;CHAPTER 12. STANDARDIZATION EFFORTS IN NORWAY;154
19.1;ABSTRACT;154
19.2;INTRODUCTION;154
19.3;HISTORY AND BACKGROUND;155
19.4;THE CONTEXT OF STANDARDIZATION;156
19.5;THE TRANSFER FORMAT - SOSI;157
19.6;STATUS;159
19.7;EXPERIENCE AND PRACTICAL USE;160
19.8;ONGOING ENHANCEMENTS AND FUTURE PLANS;161
19.9;THE NATIONAL SERVICE NGIS - BASED ON STANDARDS;163
19.10;REFERENCES;165
20;CHAPTER 13. THE SOUTH AFRICAN STANDARD FOR THE EXCHANGE OF DIGITAL GEO-REFERENCED INFORMATION;167
20.1;ABSTRACT;167
20.2;INTRODUCTION;167
20.3;THE INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF NES;168
20.4;SCOPE OF NES;169
20.5;THE CURRENT STATUS OF NES;169
20.6;CONCLUSIONS;178
20.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;178
20.8;OBTAINING REPORTS;178
20.9;REFERENCES;179
21;CHAPTER 14. THE SWEDISH STANDARDIZATION PROJECT WITHIN THE FIELD OF GIS;182
21.1;ABSTRACT;182
21.2;INTRODUCTION;182
21.3;SCOPE AND GENERAL GOALS;183
21.4;HISTORY AND BACKGROUND;185
21.5;DESCRIPTION OF THE CURRENT EFFORT;187
21.6;CONCLUSION;192
21.7;CONTACT;192
21.8;REFERENCES;193
22;CHAPTER 15. GIS/LIS DATA EXCHANGE STANDARDS: ACTUAL SITUATION AND DEVELOPMENTS IN SWITZERLAND;194
22.1;INTRODUCTION;194
22.2;ACTUAL SITUATION AND PROJECTS;195
22.3;CONCLUSIONS;203
22.4;REFERENCES;203
23;CHAPTER 16. THE NATIONAL TRANSFER FORMAT;204
23.1;ABSTRACT;204
23.2;INTRODUCTION;204
23.3;HISTORY;205
23.4;THE NATIONAL WORKING PARTY;206
23.5;TIMETABLE;207
23.6;THE PHILOSOPHY;207
23.7;FEATURE CODING;208
23.8;DATA QUALITY;209
23.9;GLOSSARY OF TERMS;210
23.10;THE FORMAT;210
23.11;THE INTRODUCTION OF LEVELS;212
23.12;VERSION 1.1;212
23.13;CURRENT STATUS;212
23.14;ISO 8211;213
23.15;CONTROLLING ORGANISATIONS;213
23.16;CONTACT;215
23.17;CONCLUSION;215
23.18;REFERENCES;215
24;CHAPTER 17. THE UNITED STATES SPATIAL DATA TRANSFER STANDARD;217
24.1;ABSTRACT;217
24.2;NECESSITY OF DATA INTERCHANGE STANDARDS;218
24.3;HISTORY;218
24.4;OBJECTIVES;219
24.5;CONTENT;220
24.6;STATUS;225
24.7;UTILITY;227
24.8;CONCLUSION;228
24.9;REFERENCES;228
25;CHAPTER 18. CERCO CONSIDERATIONS CONCERNING AN EUROPEAN TRANSFER FORMAT;230
25.1;ABSTRACT;230
25.2;INTRODUCTION;230
25.3;WORKING GROUP V;231
25.4;SUB-GROUPS;231
25.5;OPTIONS FOR A TRANSFER FORMAT;232
25.6;EUROPEAN TRANSFER FORMAT;232
25.7;NAVIGATION DATA;233
25.8;CURRENT STATUS OF NTF;234
25.9;CONCLUSION;234
25.10;REFERENCES;234
26;CHAPTER 19. DIGITAL GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION WORKING GROUP: EXCHANGE STANDARDS;236
26.1;ABSTRACT;236
26.2;INTRODUCTION;236
26.3;SCOPE AND GENERAL GOALS OP THE STANDARDIZATION EFFORT;237
26.4;BRIEF HISTORY AND BACKGROUND OF PAST EFFORT;238
26.5;CURRENT WORK;240
26.6;PLANNED WORK;245
26.7;AVAILABILITY OF REPORTS AND STANDARDS;246
27;SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY;247
28;INDEX OF CONTRIBUTORS;250
29;SUBJECT INDEX;252