Morris Perspectives in Abnormal Behavior

Pergamon General Psychology Series
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-8716-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 570 Seiten, Web PDF

Perspectives in Abnormal Behavior is a compilation of articles in the field of abnormal psychology. An article titled the Myth of Mental Illness discusses the different signs in determining a brain disease. The second article is about the diagnoses of schizophrenia. A section of the article talks about the misconception the public have about the disease and the symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Another part of the second article defines behaviors that are perceived as deviant. The third article in the book is addressed to the reliability of psychiatric diagnoses and covers the advantages and disadvantages of these diagnoses. The subsequent article rejects the method of psychiatric diagnoses and emphasizes the importance of using behavioral analysis in treating patients. The said article enumerates the problems in the diagnostic systems. Topic such as the methods of data collection for a functional analysis is also discussed. The book will be a useful tool for psychologists and academic students.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Morris, Richard J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Perspectives in Abnormal Behavior;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Dedication;6
6;Preface;12
7;About the Author;14
8;UNIT I: Issues in Identifying Abnormal Behavior;16
8.1;Introduction;16
8.2;Chapter 1. The Myth of Mental Illness;19
8.2.1;MENTAL ILLNESS AS A SIGN OF BRAIN DISEASE;19
8.2.2;MENTAL ILLNESS AS A NAME FOR PROBLEMS IN LIVING;20
8.2.3;THE ROLE OF ETHICS IN PSYCHIATRY;22
8.2.4;CHOICE, RESPONSIBILITY, AND PSYCHIATRY;24
8.2.5;CONCLUSIONS;25
8.2.6;REFERENCES;26
8.3;Chapter 2. Schizophrenia as Ideology;27
8.3.1;RESIDUAL RULE VIOLATIONS;28
8.3.2;RESIDUE OF RESIDUES;29
8.3.3;LABELING THEORY;29
8.3.4;"SCHIZOPHRENIA"—A LABEL;30
8.3.5;REFERENCES;32
8.4;Chapter 3. Psychiatric Diagnosis: A Critique;33
8.4.1;ON CLASSIFICATION;33
8.4.2;HOMOGENEITY;35
8.4.3;RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY;38
8.4.4;PHILOSOPHY AND PURPOSE OF CONVENTIONAL DIAGNOSIS;39
8.4.5;ETIOLOGY VERSUS DESCRIPTION IN DIAGNOSIS;42
8.4.6;REFERENCES;44
8.5;Chapter 4. Behavioral Analysis: An Alternative to Diagnostic Classification;47
8.5.1;I. PROBLEMS IN CURRENT DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEMS;47
8.5.2;II. A FUNCTIONAL (BEHAVIORAL-ANALYTIC) APPROACH;52
8.5.3;III. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION FOR A FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS;55
8.5.4;SUMMARY;57
8.5.5;REFERENCES;58
8.5.6;Suggested Additional Readings;60
9;UNIT II: Perspectives in the Development of Abnormal Behavior;61
9.1;Introduction;61
9.2;REFERENCES;65
9.3;Section 1: Psychological Factors;66
9.4;Chapter 5. Freudian Psychoanalytic Theory;68
9.4.1;REFERENCES;72
9.5;Chapter 6. A Phenomenological Approach to Adjustment Theory;73
9.5.1;TWO FRAMES OF REFERENCE FOR OBSERVING BEHAVIOR;73
9.5.2;MALADJUSTMENT AS A FUNCTION OF PERCEIVED THREAT;74
9.5.3;THE CONCEPT OF SELF IN ADJUSTMENT;75
9.5.4;THE CENTRAL CHARACTER OF THE SELF-CONCEPT IN THE INDIVIDUAL ECONOMY;75
9.5.5;SOME IMPLICATIONS OF THE PERCEPTIVE VIEW OF BEHAVIOR FOR THERAPY;76
9.5.6;THE CONCEPT OF THE ADEQUATE SELF;76
9.5.7;THE EFFECTS OF THREAT UPON PERCEPTION;77
9.5.8;REFERENCES;79
9.6;Chapter 7. A Social-Learning Explanation of Deviant Behavior;80
9.6.1;SOCIAL LABELING OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOR;81
9.6.2;HYPOTHETICAL INTERNAL DETERMINANTS OF BEHAVIOR;85
9.6.3;REFERENCES;87
9.7;Chaptetr 8. Family Dynamics and Origin of Schizophrenia;88
9.7.1;PARENTAL PERSONALITIES;89
9.7.2;PARENTAL INTERACTION;90
9.7.3;THE IRRATIONALITY OF THE FAMILY MILIEU AND SYMPTOM FORMATION;92
9.7.4;VIOLATION OF GENERATION BOUNDARIES;93
9.7.5;SEXUAL PROBLEMS;94
9.7.6;SOCIOCULTURAL ISOLATION;95
9.7.7;GENERAL COMMEN;96
9.7.8;SUMMARY;98
9.7.9;REFERENCES;98
9.7.10;Suggested Additional Readings;101
9.8;Section 2: Sociological Factors;102
9.9;Chapter 9. Social Stratification and Psychiatric Disorders;104
9.9.1;METHODOLOGICAL PROCEDURE;106
9.9.2;SELECTED FINDINGS;108
9.9.3;CONCLUSIONS AND INTERPRETATIONS;112
9.9.4;REFERENCES;112
9.10;Chapter 10. Social Class and Schizophrenia: A Critical Review;114
9.10.1;EVIDENCE ON THE POSSIBLE RELATIONSHIP OF SOCIAL CLASS TO RATES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA;115
9.10.2;THE DIRECTION OF CAUSALITY;117
9.10.3;THE ADEQUACY OF INDICES;120
9.10.4;ALTERNATIVE INTERPRETATIONS;122
9.10.5;CLASS AND ETIOLOGY;124
9.10.6;CONCLUSION;127
9.10.7;REFERENCES;128
9.11;Chapter 11. Studies of Adolescent Suicidal Behavior: Etiology;132
9.11.1;ATTEMPTED VS. COMMITTED SUICIDE;133
9.11.2;THEORIES OF SUICIDE;134
9.11.3;ETIOLOGY—INDIVIDUAL DETERMINANTS;135
9.11.4;ETIOLOGY—SOCIAL DETERMINANTS;142
9.11.5;ETIOLOGY—CULTURAL DETERMINANTS;151
9.11.6;REFERENCES;153
9.11.7;Suggested Additional Readings;159
9.12;Section 3: Ecological Factors;160
9.13;Chapter 12. Population Density and Pathology: What Are the Relations for Man?;162
9.13.1;DENSITY AND PATHOLOGY IN HUMAN POPULATIONS;163
9.13.2;PRELIMINARY RESULTS;165
9.13.3;DIMENSIONS OF POPULATION DENSITY;167
9.13.4;HOW DENSITY MAY RELATE TO PATHOLOGY;171
9.13.5;CONCLUSION;173
9.13.6;REFERENCES AND NOTES;174
9.14;Chapter 13. Ecological Factors in the Incidence of Schizophrenic and Manic-Depressive Psychoses;177
9.14.1;CRITIQUE OF EARLIER WORK;177
9.14.2;RATIONALE;178
9.14.3;PROCEDURES;180
9.14.4;RESULTS;182
9.14.5;DISCUSSION;183
9.14.6;SUMMARY;187
9.14.7;REFERENCES;187
9.14.8;Suggested Additional Readings;189
9.15;Section 4: Anthropological Factors;190
9.16;Chapter 14. A Cross-Cultural Approach to Mental Health Problems;192
9.16.1;SOURCES OF DATA;193
9.16.2;A SURVEY OF CROSS-CULTURAL MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS;193
9.16.3;SOME PSYCHOCULTURAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL CONSIDERATIONS;195
9.16.4;PSYCHOCULTURAL VARIABLES;195
9.16.5;SOCIOCULTURAL VARIABLES;196
9.16.6;CRITICALLY ASSESSING VALIDITY OF DATA;196
9.16.7;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;197
9.16.8;REFERENCES;198
9.17;Chapter 15. Cultural Factors in the Genesis of Schizophrenia;200
9.17.1;THE TAMIL-SPEAKING PEOPLE OF SOUTH INDIA AND CEYLON;202
9.17.2;THE PEOPLE OF NORTH-WESTERN CROATIA;205
9.17.3;THE IRISH CATHOLICS;206
9.17.4;THE ROMAN CATHOLICS IN CANADA;208
9.17.5;MODES OF OPERATION;211
9.17.6;REFERENCES;214
9.17.7;Suggested Additional Readings;216
9.18;Section 5: Genetic and Biochemical Factors;218
9.19;Chapter 16. Genetic Research in the Schizophrenic Syndrome;220
9.19.1;REFERENCES;228
9.20;Chapter 17. Human Chromosome Abnormalities as Related to Physical and Mental Dysfunction;229
9.20.1;CLASSES OF CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITIES;229
9.20.2;GENETIC EFFECTS OF CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS;230
9.20.3;MAMMALIAN CHROMOSOME STUDIES;230
9.20.4;INCIDENCE OF HUMAN CHROMOSOME ANOMALIES;232
9.20.5;SYNDROMES RELATED TO AUTOSOME ABNORMALITIES;233
9.20.6;SYNDROMES RELATED TO SEX CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS;235
9.20.7;SOCIAL AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE YY SYNDROME;240
9.20.8;REFERENCES;241
9.21;Chapter 18. The Biochemistry of Mental Disorders;246
9.21.1;MENTAL RETARDATION;246
9.21.2;NUTRITIONAL FACTORS;247
9.21.3;AFFECTIVE DISORDERS;249
9.21.4;PERIODIC PSYCHOSES;249
9.21.5;SCHIZOPHRENIA;250
9.21.6;METHODS OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION;250
9.22;Chapter 19. Biochemical Hypotheses and Studies;252
9.22.1;ENERGY METABOLISM;253
9.22.2;PROTEIN;254
9.22.3;AMINO ACIDS AND AMINES;256
9.22.4;TRANSMETHYLATION;256
9.22.5;DIMETHOXYPHENYLETHYLAMINE;257
9.22.6;INDOLEAMINES;259
9.22.7;EPINEPHRINE;259
9.22.8;REFERENCES;260
9.22.9;Suggested Additional Readings;266
10;UNIT III: Drug Usage and Alcoholism;267
10.1;Introduction;267
10.2;REFERENCES;269
10.3;Chapter 20. Perspectives on Drug Use;270
10.3.1;DRUGS CURRENTLY USED;274
10.3.2;BEYOND DRUGS TO PEOPLE;277
10.3.3;THE REAL DRUG PROBLEM;279
10.3.4;SUMMARY;279
10.3.5;REFERENCES;280
10.4;Chapter 21. Marihuana and Health: Summary of Findings;281
10.4.1;EXTENT, PATTERNS, AND SOCIAL CONTEXT OF USE IN THE UNITED STATES;281
10.4.2;PRECLINICAL RESEARCH IN ANIMALS;283
10.4.3;TOLERANCE;283
10.4.4;EFFECTS IN MAN;284
10.4.5;THERAPEUTIC USES OF CANNABIS;288
10.4.6;FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS;289
10.5;Chapter 22. LSD-25 Effects on Chromosomes: A Review;291
10.5.1;CHROMOSOMAL BREAKAGE IN SOMATIC TISSUES;291
10.5.2;CHROMOSOMAL BREAKAGE IN GERM TISSUES;292
10.5.3;CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS;292
10.5.4;CONCLUSIONS;292
10.5.5;REFERENCES;293
10.6;Chapter 23. Ideological Supports to Becoming and Remaining a Heroin Addict;295
10.6.1;CONDITIONS IN THE PRE-DRUG PHASE THAT SUPPORT EXPERIMENTATION WITH NARCOTICS;296
10.6.2;THE INITIAL FAVORABLE SHOT AND SHORTLY AFTER;300
10.6.3;SUMMARY;302
10.6.4;REFERENCES;302
10.7;Chapter 24. Alcoholism;304
10.7.1;NATURE AND EXTENT OF ALCOHOLISM;304
10.7.2;PHASES OF ALCOHOLISM;305
10.7.3;Suggested Additional Readings;309
11;UNIT IV: Perspectives in the Treatment of Abnormal Behavior;310
11.1;Introduction;310
11.2;REFERENCES;315
11.3;Section 6: Chemotherapy;316
11.4;Chapter 25. Chemotherapy;318
11.4.1;THE TRANQUILIZERS;319
11.4.2;THE ANTIDEPRESSANTS;321
11.4.3;DRUGS AND CHILD THERAPY;322
11.4.4;REFERENCES;323
11.4.5;Suggested Additional Readings;324
11.5;Section 7: Individual Therapy Approaches;326
11.6;Chapter 26. Freudian Psychoanalysis;328
11.6.1;REFERENCES;331
11.7;Chapter 27. The Psychiatric Nurse as a Behavioral Engineer;332
11.7.1;RESEARCH SETTING;333
11.7.2;SUBJECTS;333
11.7.3;PROCEDURE;333
11.7.4;RESULTS;335
11.7.5;DISCUSSION;342
11.7.6;REFERENCES;343
11.8;Chapter 28. Basic Principles and Practices of Behavior Therapy of Neuroses;344
11.8.1;METHODS OF BEHAVIOR THERAPY;345
11.8.2;RESULTS OF BEHAVIOR THERAPY;347
11.8.3;HOW FUNDAMENTAL ARE THE EFFECTS OF BEHAVIOR THERAPY?;348
11.8.4;REFERENCES;349
11.9;Chapter 29. Phobic Patients: Treatment with the Learning Theory Approach of lmplosive Therapy;351
11.9.1;REFERENCES;354
11.10;Chapter 30. A Theory of Therapy and Personality Change: As Developed in the Client-Centered Framework;356
11.10.1;A. CONDITIONS OF THE THERAPEUTIC PROCESS;356
11.10.2;B. THE PROCESS OF THERAPY;358
11.10.3;C. OUTCOMES IN PERSONALITY AND BEHAVIOR;360
11.10.4;D. SOME CONCLUSIONS REGARDING THE NATURE OF THE INDIVIDUAL;362
11.10.5;REFERENCES;363
11.10.6;Suggested Additional Readings;366
11.11;Section 8: Group Therapy Approaches;368
11.12;Chapter 31. The Dynamics of Group Psychotherapy and its Application;370
11.13;Chapter 32. Preliminary Report on the Application of Contingent Reinforcement Procedures (Token Economy) on a "Chronic" Psychiatric Ward;375
11.13.1;THE WARD POPULATION;376
11.13.2;THE TOKEN ECONOMY;376
11.13.3;METHOD;377
11.13.4;RESULTS;378
11.13.5;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION;381
11.13.6;REFERENCES;383
11.14;Chapter 33. The Process of the Basic Encounter Group;384
11.14.1;THE GROUP PROCESS;386
11.14.2;DISADVANTAGES AND RISKS;397
11.14.3;IMPLICATIONS;399
11.14.4;CONCLUSION;400
11.14.5;REFERENCES;401
11.15;Chapter 34. Helping Disturbed Children: Psychological and Ecological Strategies;402
11.15.1;THE PROBLEM;402
11.15.2;THE RE-ED SCHOOLS;403
11.15.3;THE CHILDREN;405
11.15.4;ECOLOGICAL CONCEPTS;405
11.15.5;THE PROCESS OF REEDUCATION;407
11.15.6;COSTS AND EFFECTIVENESS;413
11.15.7;REFERENCES;414
11.15.8;Suggested Additional Readings;415
11.16;Section 9: Therapy Approaches with Special Populations;416
11.17;Chapter 35. Treatment of Alcoholism;418
11.17.1;PRELIMINARY TREATMENT;418
11.17.2;HOSPITAL ADMISSION;419
11.17.3;DRUG THERAPY;420
11.17.4;PSYCHOTHERAPY;420
11.17.5;THE THERAPIST;421
11.17.6;INDIVIDUAL VS. GROUP THERAPY;423
11.17.7;CHANCES OF RECOVERY;423
11.17.8;REFERENCES;424
11.18;Chapter 36. Daytop Lodge—A New Treatment Approach for Drug Addicts;426
11.18.1;INTAKE INTERVIEW;428
11.18.2;THE RESOCIALIZATION PROCESS CONTINUES;429
11.18.3;GROUP THERAPY BY AUTHENTIC ENCOUNTERS;429
11.18.4;THE SEMINAR MEETINGS;431
11.18.5;THE STATUS LADDER;431
11.18.6;SPECIAL MEETINGS AND PROCEDURES;431
11.19;Chapter 37. Geriatric Behavioral Prosthetics;433
11.19.1;A FRESH THEORETICAL APPROACH;434
11.19.2;LABORATORY DESCRIPTION, PROGNOSIS, AND EVALUATION;436
11.19.3;DESIGN OF PROSTHETIC ENVIRONMENTS;437
11.19.4;INDIVIDUALIZED PROSTHETIC PRESCRIPTIONS;442
11.19.5;THEORIES OF AGING;443
11.19.6;CONTINUITY OF AGING;444
11.19.7;SOCIAL NEGLECT OF THE AGED;444
11.19.8;CONCLUSION;445
11.19.9;REFERENCES;446
11.20;Chapter 38. Behavior Modification in Rehabilitation: The Rehabilitation of Special Children;448
11.20.1;CASE 1: INABILITY TO WALK IN A MENTALLY RETARDED CHILD;450
11.20.2;CASE 2: SELF-DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIOR IN AN AUTISTIC CHILD;454
11.20.3;DISCUSSION;459
11.20.4;REFERENCES;462
11.20.5;Suggested Additional Readings;463
12;UNIT V: Perspectives in Prevention;464
12.1;Introduction;464
12.2;REFERENCE;466
12.3;Chapter 39. Community Mental Health: The Search for Identity;467
12.4;Chapter 40. Emergent Directions in School Mental Health:
The Development and Evaluation of a Program
for Early Detection and Prevention of
Ineffective School Behavior;471
12.4.1;THE EARLY YEARS, 1958–1969;473
12.4.2;NONPROFESSIONAL AIDES;474
12.4.3;RECENT DEVELOPMENTS;478
12.4.4;THE PROGRAM IN ACTION;478
12.4.5;CASE HISTORY;480
12.4.6;FURTHER TRAINING AND NEW ROLES;481
12.4.7;RESEARCH COMPONENTS;482
12.4.8;OVERVIEW;486
12.4.9;REFERENCES;487
12.5;Chapter 41. Superpatriot Opposition to Community Mental Health Programs;490
12.5.1;A DEFINITION OF SUPERPATRIOTISM;490
12.5.2;SUPERPATRIOTS' CONCERNS REGARDING MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAMS;491
12.5.3;PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RECRUITMENT PATTERNS OF SOME SUPERPATRIOTS;495
12.5.4;REFERENCES;497
12.5.5;Suggested Additional Readings;498
12.6;UNIT VI: Reactions to Abnormal Behavior;499
12.7;Introduction;499
12.8;REFERENCES;500
12.9;Chapter 42. On the Stigma of Mental Illness;501
12.9.1;STIGMA AS LOSS;501
12.9.2;THE UNDOING-OF-THE-LOSS;502
12.9.3;ILLUSTRATIVE STUDY NO. 1;504
12.9.4;ILLUSTRATIVE STUDY NO. 2;506
12.9.5;REFERENCES;510
12.10;Chapter 43. The Societal Reaction to Deviance: Ascriptive Elements in the Psychiatric Screening of Mental Patients in a Midwestern State;511
12.10.1;STEPS IN THE SCREENING OF PERSONS ALLEGED TO BE MENTALLY ILL;514
12.10.2;DISCUSSION;520
12.10.3;CONCLUSION;522
12.10.4;REFERENCES;522
12.11;Chapter 44. On Being Sane in Insane Places;524
12.11.1;PSEUDOPATIENTS AND THEIR SETTINGS;525
12.11.2;THE NORMAL ARE NOT DETECTABLY SANE;526
12.11.3;THE STICKINESS OF PSYCHODIAGNOSTIC LABELS;528
12.11.4;THE EXPERIENCE OF PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALIZATION;530
12.11.5;POWERLESSNESS AND DEPERSONALIZATION;534
12.11.6;THE SOURCES OF DEPERSONALIZATION;535
12.11.7;THE CONSEQUENCES OF LABELING AND DEPERSONALIZATION;536
12.11.8;SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;536
12.11.9;REFERENCES AND NOTES;537
12.12;Chapter 45. Science and Public Policy: The Crime of Involuntary Mental Hospitalization;540
12.12.1;Suggested Additional Readings;549
13;Index;550