Moses / Belcher / Gordon Nuclear Techniques in Analytical Chemistry

International Series of Monographs on Analytical Chemistry
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5704-7
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 152 Seiten, Web PDF

Nuclear Techniques in Analytical Chemistry discusses highly sensitive nuclear techniques that determine the micro- and macro-amounts or trace elements of materials. With the increasingly frequent demand for the chemical determination of trace amounts of elements in materials, the analytical chemist had to search for more sensitive methods of analysis. This book accustoms analytical chemists with nuclear techniques that possess the desired sensitivity and applicability at trace levels. The topics covered include safe handling of radioactivity; measurement of natural radioactivity; and neutron activation analysis. The positive ion and gamma ray activation analysis; isotope dilution and tracer investigations of analytical techniques; and geo- and cosmochronology and miscellaneous nuclear techniques are also elaborated in this text. This publication is intended for analytical chemists, but is also valuable to students intending to acquire knowledge on nuclear techniques and analytical methods in chemistry.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Moses, Alfred J.

Belcher, R.

Gordon, L.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Nuclear Techniques in Analytical Chemistry;4
3;Copyright Page ;5
4;Table of Contents ;6
5;PREFACE;8
6;CHAPTER 1. SAFE HANDLING OF RADIOACTIVITY;10
6.1;EMISSION OF RADIOACTIVITY;10
6.2;UNITS OF RADIATION MEASUREMENT;11
6.3;SHIELDING;13
6.4;LABORATORY PRACTICES FOR HANDLING RADIO-ISOTOPES;17
6.5;MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE LEVELS OF REMOVABLE CONTAMINATION;18
6.6;RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL;19
6.7;DECONTAMINATION;19
6.8;TOXICITY;19
6.9;PYROPHORICITY;19
6.10;NUCLEAR CRITICALITY;20
6.11;REFERENCES;20
7;CHAPTER 2. NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTATION. SOURCES OF RADIATION AND RADIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES;21
7.1;THE NATURE OF RADIOACTIVITY;21
7.2;INTERACTION OF RADIATION WITH MATTER;23
7.3;PRINCIPLES OF RADIATION DETECTION;23
7.4;RADIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES;37
7.5;NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTATION;37
7.6;REFERENCES;45
8;CHAPTER 3. MEASUREMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY;47
8.1;DETERMINATION OF URANIUM AND THORIUM;47
8.2;DETERMINATION OF POTASSIUM;53
8.3;DETERMINATION OF RUBIDIUM AND POTASSIUM;53
8.4;DETERMINATION OF POLONIUM;54
8.5;DETERMINATION OF RADIUM;55
8.6;DETERMINATION OF PROTACTINIUM;56
8.7;DETERMINATION OF ACTINIUM;57
8.8;REFERENCES;57
9;CHAPTER 4. PRINCIPLES OF ACTIVATION ANALYSIS;59
9.1;FAST NEUTRON REACTIONS;65
9.2;FISSION PRODUCTS FROM THE FISSION OF URANIUM;66
9.3;RADIOACTIVE DAUGHTERS OF PRIMARY RADIONUCLIDES;66
9.4;RADIONUCLIDES WITH HIGH ACTIVATION CROSS SECTIONS;66
9.5;SELF-SHIELDING AND ATTENUATION OF FLUX BY RESONANCE EFFECTS;67
9.6;SAMPLE PREPARATION AND CHEMICAL OPERATIONS;68
9.7;ACTIVITY MEASUREMENT;68
9.8;REFERENCES;69
10;CHAPTER 5. NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS;70
10.1;ARCHEOLOGY;70
10.2;BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS;71
10.3;CHEMICAL AND METALLURGICAL INDUSTRIES;74
10.4;NEUTRON ACTIVATION IN CRIMINOLOGY;80
10.5;GEOCHEMISTRY;83
10.6;PETROLEUM INDUSTRY;85
10.7;SEMI-CONDUCTORS;86
10.8;SPACE EXPLORATION;88
10.9;REFERENCES;88
11;CHAPTER 6. POSITIVE ION AND GAMMA RAY ACTIVATION ANALYSIS;90
11.1;PHOTONUCLEAR REACTIONS;95
11.2;REFERENCES;98
12;CHAPTER 7. RADIATION SCATTERING AND ABSORPTION;99
12.1;REFERENCES;102
13;CHAPTER 8. ISOTOPE DILUTION AND TRACER INVESTIGATIONS OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES;104
13.1;ISOTOPE DILUTION;104
13.2;INVESTIGATIONS OF ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES;107
13.3;REFERENCES;109
14;CHAPTER 9. RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS AND EXCHANGE REACTIONS;110
14.1;RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS;110
14.2;EXCHANGE REACTIONS;111
14.3;REFERENCES;112
15;CHAPTER 10. GEO- AND COSMOCHRONOLOGY AND MISCELLANEOUS NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES;114
15.1;GEO- AND COSMOCHRONOLOGY;114
15.2;MISCELLANEOUS NUCLEAR TECHNIQUES;116
15.3;REFERENCES;118
16;APPENDIX A: CHART OF THE NUCLIDES;120
17;APPENDIX B: MONOGRAPHS ON THE RADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE ELEMENTS;122
18;APPENDIX C: URANIUM AND THORIUM STANDARDS;125
19;APPENDIX D:;126
19.1;NEUTRON ACTIVATION DATA;128
20;APPENDIX E: FAST NEUTRON;137
20.1;ACTIVATION DATA;138
21;APPENDIX F: ABBREVIATIONS;141
22;INDEX*;142
23;OTHER TITLES IN THE SERIES ON ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY;152