Müller / Muller Origin of Mitochondria and Hydrogenosomes

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-3-540-38502-8
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 306 Seiten

The evolutionary origins of hydrogenosomes have been the subject of considerable debate. This volume closes the gap between the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of organelles and their incorporation into evolutionary theory. It reveals that identifying the genetic contribution to eukaryotes of the mitochondrial endosymbiosis, and revealing the functions of its descendent organelles, are key to understanding eukaryotic biology and evolution.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Müller, Miklós

Muller, Miklos

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Foreword;6
3;Contents;9
4;List of Contributors;14
5;1 The Road to Hydrogenosomes;16
5.1;1.1 Introduction;16
5.2;1.2 The Story;17
5.3;1.3 Conclusion;24
5.4;References;25
6;2 Mitochondria: Key to Complexity;27
6.1;2.1 Introduction;27
6.2;2.2 Size;29
6.3;2.3 Compartments;30
6.4;2.4 Dynamics of Gene Gain and Gene Loss in Bacteria;31
6.5;2.5 ATP Regulation of Bacterial Replication;35
6.6;2.6 Redox Poise Across Bioenergetic Membranes;39
6.7;2.7 Allometric Scaling of Metabolic Rate and Complexity;43
6.8;2.8 Conclusions;46
6.9;References;47
7;3 Origin, Function, and Transmission of Mitochondria;53
7.1;3.1 Introduction;53
7.2;3.2 Origins of Mitochondria;54
7.3;3.3 Mitochondrial Genomes;57
7.4;3.4 The Mitochondrial Theory of Ageing;59
7.5;3.5 Why Are There Genes in Mitochondria?;61
7.6;3.6 Co-location of Gene and Gene Product Permits Redox Regulation of Gene Expression;62
7.7;3.7 Maternal Inheritance of Mitochondria;64
7.8;3.8 Conclusions;67
7.9;References;67
8;4 Mitochondria and Their Host: Morphology to Molecular Phylogeny;71
8.1;4.1 Introduction;71
8.2;4.2 Alternative Visions;71
8.3;4.3 Before the Word;73
8.4;4.4 Les Symbiotes;74
8.5;4.5 Symbionticism and the Origin of Species;76
8.6;4.6 Against the Current;77
8.7;4.7 Infective Heredity;79
8.8;4.8 The Tipping Point;81
8.9;4.9 The Birth of Bacterial Phylogenetics;83
8.10;4.10 Just-So Stories;84
8.11;4.11 Kingdom Come, Kingdom Go;85
8.12;4.12 A Chimeric Paradigm;88
8.13;4.13 Recapitulation;91
8.14;References;92
9;5 Anaerobic Mitochondria: Properties and Origins;98
9.1;Summary;98
9.2;5.1 Introduction;98
9.3;5.2 Possible Variants in Anaerobic Metabolism;99
9.4;5.3 Cytosolic Adaptations to an Anaerobic Energy Metabolism;101
9.5;5.4 Anaerobically Functioning ATP-Generating Organelles;102
9.6;5.5 Energy Metabolism in Anaerobically Functioning Mitochondria;103
9.7;5.6 Adaptations in Electron-Transport Chains in Anaerobic Mitochondria;108
9.8;5.7 Structural Aspects of Anaerobically Functioning Electron- Transport Chains;109
9.9;5.8 Evolutionary Origin of Anaerobic Mitochondria;110
9.10;5.9 Conclusion;113
9.11;References;113
10;6 Iron–Sulfur Proteins and Iron–Sulfur Cluster Assembly in Organisms with Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes;117
10.1;6.1 Introduction;117
10.2;6.2 Mitochondrion-Related Organelles in “Amitochondriate” Eukaryotes;118
10.3;6.3 Iron–Sulfur Cluster, an Ancient Indispensable Prosthetic Group;121
10.4;6.4 Iron–Sulfur Proteins in Mitochondria and Other Cell Compartments;121
10.5;6.5 Iron–Sulfur Proteins in Organisms Harboring Hydrogenosomes and Mitosomes;122
10.6;6.6 Iron–Sulfur Cluster Assembly Machineries;128
10.7;6.7 Iron–Sulfur Cluster Biosynthesis and the Evolution of Mitochondria;135
10.8;References;139
11;7 Hydrogenosomes (and Related Organelles, Either) Are Not the Same;146
11.1;7.1 Introduction;146
11.2;7.2 Hydrogenosomes and Mitochondrial-Remnant Organelles Evolved Repeatedly: Evidence from ADP/ ATP Carriers;150
11.3;7.3 Functional Differences Between Mitochondrial and Alternative ADP/ ATP Transporters;153
11.4;7.4 Evolutionary Tinkering in the Evolution of Hydrogenosomes;155
11.5;7.5 Why an [Fe]-Only Hydrogenase?;163
11.6;7.6 Conclusions;164
11.7;References;165
12;8 The Chimaeric Origin of Mitochondria: Photosynthetic Cell Enslavement, Gene- Transfer Pressure, and Compartmentation Efficiency;171
12.1;Summary;171
12.2;8.1 Key Early Ideas;172
12.3;8.2 The Host Was a Protoeukaryote Not an Archaebacterium;176
12.4;8.3 Was the Slave Initially Photosynthetic?;178
12.5;8.4 Three Phases of;179
12.6;proteobacterial Enslavement;179
12.7;8.5 Did Syntrophy or Endosymbiosis Precede Enslavement?;183
12.8;8.6 The Chimaeric Origin of Mitochondrial Protein Import and Targeting;186
12.9;8.7 Stage 2: Recovery from Massive Organelle–Host Gene Transfer;190
12.10;8.8 Mitochondrial Diversification;195
12.11;8.9 Conceptual Aspects of Megaevolution;195
12.12;8.10 Relative Genomic Contributions of the Two Partners;198
12.13;8.11 Genic Scale, Tempo, and Timing of Mitochondrial Enslavement and Eukaryote Origin;202
12.14;References;205
13;9 Constantin Merezhkowsky and the Endokaryotic Hypothesis;210
13.1;Summary;210
13.2;9.1 Introduction;211
13.3;9.2 Modern Hypotheses of Eukaryotic Origin;212
13.4;9.3 Chimeric Nature of a Pro-eukaryote;222
13.5;9.4 Mitochondrial Origin and Eukaryogenesis;233
13.6;9.5 Conclusions;241
13.7;References;242
14;10 The Diversity of Mitochondrion-Related Organelles Amongst Eukaryotic Microbes;247
14.1;Summary;247
14.2;10.1 Introduction;247
14.3;10.2 Diversity of Anaerobic Protists with Mitochondrion- Related Organelles;255
14.4;10.3 The Origins of Mitochondria, Mitosomes and Hydrogenosomes;273
14.5;10.4 Concluding Remarks;276
14.6;References;276
15;11 Mitosomes of Parasitic Protozoa: Biology and Evolutionary Significance;284
15.1;Summary;284
15.2;11.1 Introduction;284
15.3;11.2 Discovery of Mitosomes: a Brief History;285
15.4;11.3 Mitosome Biology;288
15.5;11.4 Protein Import;294
15.6;11.5 Evolutionary Considerations;298
15.7;11.6 Conclusions;301
15.8;References;302
16;Index;308