Navratil Research Trends in Geographic Information Science

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-3-540-88244-2
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 283 Seiten

In June/July 2008 the Institute for Geoinformation and Cartography at the Vienna University of Technology organized a scientific colloquium in this city, where 15 well-known scientists presented their ideas on research for the upcoming decade. This book contains papers prepared by the participants as well as by other researchers. The eighteen papers in this book reflect the opinion of a core group of Geoinformation scientists about future research topics. Dealing with these topics poses multiple research questions for the coming years

Autoren/Hrsg.

Navratil, Gerhard

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Table of Contents;7
3;Section I: Philosophical Background and Semantics;13
3.1;Ontology, Epistemology, Teleology: Triangulating Geographic Information Science;15
3.1.1;Abstract;15
3.1.2;1 Introduction;16
3.1.3;2 Ontologies, Artificial Worlds, and Cognitive Semantics;18
3.1.4;3 Information, Information Objects, and Purposes: Sketch for an Ontological Framework;20
3.1.5;4 Triangulating Geographic Information Science;22
3.1.5.1;4.1 Ontology-Epistemology;23
3.1.5.2;4.2 Ontology-Teleology;24
3.1.5.3;4.3 Teleology-Epistemology;24
3.1.5.4;5 Conclusion: From Triangles to Tetrahedra (perhaps) – and Beyond;25
3.1.5.5;References;26
3.2;Geonoemata Elicited: Concepts, Objects, and Other Uncertain Geographic Things;28
3.2.1;Abstract;28
3.2.2;1 Introduction;28
3.2.3;2 Obstacles and Challenges;31
3.2.4;3 Corpus of Geographic Knowledge;32
3.2.4.1;3.1 Essence in Geographic Concepts;32
3.2.4.2;3.2 Principal Ontologies;33
3.2.4.3;3.3 Light vs. Specialised Ontologies;33
3.2.4.4;3.4 Conceptual Instruments;34
3.2.4.5;3.5 Geonoemata from Natural Language;34
3.2.5;4 Conclusions;34
3.2.6;References;35
3.3;Virtue Ethics for GIS Professionals;37
3.3.1;Abstract;37
3.3.2;1 Introduction;37
3.3.3;2 Development of Ethics for GIS Practitioners;38
3.3.4;3 Virtue Ethics;40
3.3.5;4 Linking Virtue Ethics to Professionalism;42
3.3.6;5 Promoting Virtue among GIS Professionals;43
3.3.7;References;46
3.4;Why Is Scale an Effective Descriptor for Data Quality? The Physical and Ontological Rationale for Imprecision and Level of Detail;48
3.4.1;Abstract;48
3.4.2;1 Introduction;49
3.4.3;2 Tiered Ontology;50
3.4.4;3 Information Processes;53
3.4.5;4 Random Effects on the Observations;58
3.4.6;5 Finite Observation Devices;61
3.4.6.1;5.1 Effects of Size of Sensor;61
3.4.6.2;5.2 Effects of Finite Number of Observations;62
3.4.6.3;5.3 Effects of Finite Representation of Observations;64
3.4.6.4;5.4 Effects of Scales on Object Formation;64
3.4.7;6 Scale as a Summary Description;65
3.4.8;7 Conclusions;66
3.4.9;Acknowledgements;68
3.4.10;References;68
3.5;Semantic Engineering;71
3.5.1;Abstract;71
3.5.2;1 Introduction;71
3.5.3;2 An Engineering View of Concepts;73
3.5.4;3 Ontologies as Networks of Constraints;76
3.5.5;4 Grounding Constraint Networks;77
3.5.6;5 Integrating Folksonomies with Ontologies;79
3.5.7;6 Accommodating Uncertainty;80
3.5.8;7 Conclusions;80
3.5.9;Acknowledgments;82
3.5.10;References;83
4;Section II: Mathematical Methods;85
4.1;A Common Spatial Model for GIS;87
4.1.1;Abstract;87
4.1.2;1 Introduction;87
4.1.3;2 Geographic Data;88
4.1.4;3 Models of Space;89
4.1.4.1;3.1 Objects and Fields;90
4.1.4.2;3.2 Objects: Spatial Extension;92
4.1.5;4 Data Structures, Algorithms and Applications;92
4.1.5.1;4.1 Classes of Algorithms;93
4.1.5.2;4.2 Incremental Algorithms and Applications;94
4.1.5.3;4.3 Dynamic Algorithms and Applications;97
4.1.5.4;4.4 Kinetic Algorithms and Applications;97
4.1.6;5 Conclusions;100
4.1.7;References;100
4.2;Computation with Imprecise Probabilities;103
4.2.1;Extended Abstract;103
4.2.2;References;107
4.3;Spatial Data Quality: Problems and Prospects;108
4.3.1;Abstract;108
4.3.2;1 Introduction;108
4.3.3;2 Problems;110
4.3.4;3 Future Prospects;117
4.3.4.1;3.1 Enhanced Quality Reporting;117
4.3.4.2;3.2 Improved Quality Descriptions;118
4.3.4.3;3.3 More Effective Quality Communication;119
4.3.4.4;3.4 Better Error Tracking;121
4.3.4.5;3.5 Complete Utilization of Quality Information;123
4.3.4.6;3.6 Final Remarks;124
4.3.5;4 Conclusion;125
4.3.6;References;126
4.4;Latent Analysis as a Potential Method for Integrating Spatial Data Concepts;129
4.4.1;Abstract;129
4.4.2;1 Introduction;129
4.4.3;2 Estimating Semantic Consistency;130
4.4.4;3 Methods;131
4.4.5;4 Results;132
4.4.6;5 Discussion and Conclusions;136
4.4.7;References;137
4.5;Stereology for Multitemporal Images with an Application to Flooding;140
4.5.1;Abstract;140
4.5.2;1 Introduction;140
4.5.3;2 Stereology;142
4.5.4;3 Discussion;152
4.5.5;4 Concluding Remarks;153
4.5.6;References;154
4.6;Modeling Spatiotemporal Paths for Single Moving Objects;156
4.6.1;Abstract;156
4.6.2;1 Introduction;156
4.6.3;2 Modeling Spatiotemporal Paths of Moving Objects;158
4.6.4;3 Modeling Spatiotemporal Paths of Movement: Open and Closed Paths;160
4.6.5;4 Possible Path Patterns for Single Moving Objects;164
4.6.6;5 Summary and Future Work;169
4.6.7;Acknowledgments;170
4.6.8;References;170
4.7;Moving Objects in Databases and GIS: State-of-the-Art and Open Problems;173
4.7.1;1 Introduction;173
4.7.2;2 Moving Objects in Unconstrained Environments;174
4.7.3;3 Moving Objects in Constrained Environments;181
4.7.3.1;3.1 Spatial Networks;181
4.7.3.2;3.2 Moving Objects in Spatial Networks;185
4.7.4;4 Conclusions;188
4.7.5;Acknowledgements;188
4.7.6;References;188
4.8;The Degree Distribution of Random Planar Graphs;192
4.8.1;Abstract;192
4.8.2;1 Introduction;192
4.8.3;2 Planar Graphs;194
4.8.4;3 Random Planar Maps;199
4.8.5;4 The Random Graph Model of Erdös and Rényi;200
4.8.6;5 Conclusions;201
4.8.7;References;202
5;Section III: Tools and Applications;203
5.1;Geographical Information Engineering in the 21st Century;205
5.1.1;Abstract;205
5.1.2;1 Introduction;205
5.1.3;2 From GIS-20 to GIS-21;207
5.1.4;3 Change, Cognition, and Semantics: Three Critical Issues;209
5.1.5;4 Building New Tools to Model Change: An Engineering View;212
5.1.6;5 A Problem and a Possible GIEngineering Solution: A Global Forest Information System;213
5.1.7;6 Final Remarks: GI Engineers and GI Scientists Need to Cooperate;216
5.1.8;Acknowledgments;217
5.1.9;References;217
5.2;Towards Visual Summaries of Geographic Databases Based on Chorems;221
5.2.1;Abstract;221
5.2.2;1 Introduction;221
5.2.3;2 What are Chorems?;222
5.2.4;3 Architecture of the System;227
5.2.4.1;3.1 Spatial Pattern Discovery;228
5.2.4.2;3.2 Chorem Layout;229
5.2.4.3;3.3 ChorML;231
5.2.5;4 Final Remarks;233
5.2.6;References;235
5.3;Intelligent Spatial Communication;237
5.3.1;Abstract;237
5.3.2;1 Introduction;237
5.3.3;2 A Criterion for Intelligent Spatial Communication;239
5.3.4;3 A Framework for the Requirements Analysis;243
5.3.5;4 Conclusions;249
5.3.6;Acknowledgements;250
5.3.7;References;250
5.4;Training Games and GIS;253
5.4.1;1 Introduction;253
5.4.2;2 Requirements for Geospatial Training Games;254
5.4.3;3 An Architecture for Geospatial Training Games;256
5.4.4;4 Process Modeling;258
5.4.5;5 An Example of a Geospatial Training Game;262
5.4.6;6 Conclusions;265
5.4.7;References;265
5.5;Cadastre and Economic Development;267
5.5.1;Abstract;267
5.5.2;1 Introduction;267
5.5.3;2 Statistical Analyses of the Causes of Economic Growth;270
5.5.4;3 The Quality of Institutions and the Role of the State;275
5.5.5;4 Creating Capital with Covered Bonds;278
5.5.6;5 Conclusion;279
5.5.7;Acknowledgements;280
5.5.8;References;280
6;Index;283