Nielsen / Macdonald Soil-Plant-Nitrogen Relationships

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7323-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 542 Seiten, Web PDF

Nitrogen in the Environment, Volume 2: Soil-Plant-Nitrogen Relationships is the second of a two-volume treatise based on manuscripts presented at the international conference on ''Nitrogen in the Environment,'' held at the University of California Conference Center, Lake Arrowhead, in February, 1977. All original manuscripts were revised in accordance with discussions at the conference. The chapters published in these volumes are those revised manuscripts, with provisions in each chapter to preserve the major suggestions for their improvement. These two volumes-Nitrogen Behavior in Field Soil and Soil-Plant-Nitrogen Relationships-should be of value in bringing into perspective current knowledge on selected aspects of nitrogen in the environment. The book contains 22 chapters and opens with a study on the factors influencing nitrate acquisition by plants; assimilation and fate of reduced nitrogen. Separate chapters follow on topics such as absorption and utilization of ammonium nitrogen by plants; potential nitrate levels in edible plant parts; control of biological nitrogen fixation; and methods for analysis of denitrification in soils.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Nielsen, Donald R.

Macdonald, J. G.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Soil–Plant–Nitrogen Relationships;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;List of Contributors;8
6;Foreword;10
7;Preface;12
8;Contents of Volume 1;14
9;CHAPTER 1. FACTORS INFLUENCING NITRATE ACQUISITION BY PLANTS; ASSIMILATION AND FATE OF REDUCED NITROGEN;16
9.1;ABSTRACT;16
9.2;INTRODUCTION;17
9.3;SUMMARY;53
9.4;REFERENCES;54
10;CHAPTER 2. CRITIQUE - OF "FACTORS INFLUENCING NITRATE ACQUISITION BY PLANTS: ASSIMILATION AND FATE OF REDUCED NITROGEN";60
10.1;ABSTRAC;60
10.2;I. INTRODUCTION;61
10.3;II. THE MEASUREMENT OF NITRATE REDUCTION;62
10.4;III. THE NITRATE UPTAKE SYSTEM: APPARENT INDUCTION;65
10.5;IV. TRANSINHIBITION: THE EFFECT OF ENDOGENOUS NITRATE ON NITRATE UPTAKE;75
10.6;V. NITRATE REDUCTION IN ROOT SYSTEMS;76
10.7;VI. THE EFFECTS OF AMMONIUM ON NITRATE UPTAKE AND ON NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY;79
10.8;VII. THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN NITRATE UPTAKE AND REDUCTION;83
10.9;VIII. COMPARTMENTALIZATION OF NITRATE;88
10.10;X. SUMMARY;95
10.11;XI. REFERENCES;95
11;CHAPTER 3. CRITIQUE - OF "FACTORS INFLUENCING NITROGEN ACQUISITION BY PLANTS; ASSIMILATION AND FATE OF REDUCED NITROGEN";104
11.1;REFERENCES;114
12;CHAPTER 4. CRITIQUE - OF "FACTORS INFLUENCING NITRATE ACQUISITION BY PLANTS: ASSIMILATION AND FATE OF REDUCED NITROGEN;116
12.1;ABSTRACT;116
12.2;I. INTRODUCTION;116
12.3;II. NITRATE UPTAKE;117
12.4;III. NITRATE ACCUMULATION;123
12.5;IV. ASSIMILATION OF NITRATE;128
12.6;V. TRANSPORT OF NITROGENOUS METABOLITES;140
12.7;VI. RELATIONSHIP OF NITRATE ASSIMILATION TO PHOTOSYNTHESIS;144
12.8;VII. REFERENCES;151
13;CHAPTER 5. CRITIQUE - OF "FACTORS INFLUENCING NITRATE ACQUISITION BY PLANTS: ASSIMILATION AND FATE OF REDUCED NITROGEN;158
13.1;ABSTRAC;158
13.2;I. NITRATE UPTAKE;158
13.3;II. NITRATE REDUCTION;163
13.4;III. INCORPORATION;164
13.5;IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;168
13.6;V. REFERENCES;169
14;CHAPTER 6. ABSORPTION AND UTILIZATION OF AMMONIUM NITROGEN BY PLANTS;172
14.1;ABSTRACT;172
14.2;REFERENCES;183
15;CHAPTER 7. CRITIQUE - OF "ABSORPTION AND UTILIZATION OF AMMONIUM NITROGEN BY PLANTS";186
15.1;ABSTRACT;186
15.2;I. IONIC BALANCE;187
15.3;II. DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF NITRATE AND AMMONIUM ON THE IONIC BALANCE OF PLANTS;189
15.4;III. THE INFLUENCE OF LIGHT ON IONIC BALANCE OF PLANTS;197
15.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;200
15.6;REFERENCES;203
16;CHAPTER 8. CRITIQUE - OF "ABSORPTION AND UTILIZATION OF AMMONIUM NITROGEN BY PLANTS";206
16.1;I. REFERENCES;212
17;CHAPTER 9. POTENTIAL NITRATE LEVELS IN EDIBLE PLANT PARTS;216
17.1;ABSTRACT;216
17.2;I. ACCUMULATION OF NITRATE BY CROPS, CULTIVARS AND PLANT PARTS;220
17.3;II. EFFECT OF NITROGEN FERTILIZATION;225
17.4;III. POSSIBLE METHODS TO ENSURE VEGETABLES WITH LOW NITRATE CONTENT;230
17.5;IV. REFERENCES;232
18;CHAPTER 10. CRITIQUE - OF "POTENTIAL NITRATE LEVELS IN EDIBLE PLANT PARTS";236
18.1;ABSTRACT;236
18.2;I. INTRODUCTION;236
18.3;II. VEGETABLES AND PLANT PARTS;237
18.4;III. NITRATE ESSENTIALITY;238
18.5;IV. REGULATION OF NITRATE ACCUMULATION;238
18.6;V. REFERENCES;246
19;CHAPTER 11. CRITIQUE - OF "POTENTIAL NITRATE LEVELS IN EDIBLE PLANT PARTS";250
19.1;ABSTRACT;250
19.2;I. ADDITIONAL COMMENTS ON HUMAN HEALTH;251
19.3;II. COMMENTS ON PHASE I-NITRATE ACCUMULATION IN THE GROWING PLANT;254
19.4;III. COMMENTS ON PHASE II-NITRATE CONVERSION IN THE HARVESTED PLANT;258
19.5;IV. COMMENTS ON PHASE III-INGESTED VEGETABLES;264
19.6;V. REFERENCES;266
20;CHAPTER 12. NITROGEN NUTRITION AS A REGULATOR OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF STORAGE PROTEINS IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) GRAIN;268
20.1;ABSTRACT;268
20.2;REFERENCES;290
21;CHAPTER 13. CRITIQUE OF - "NITROGEN NUTRITION AS A REGULATOR OF BIOSYNTHESIS OF STORAGE PROTEINS IN MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) GRAIN;294
21.1;ABSTRACT;294
21.2;INTRODUCTION;294
21.3;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;314
21.4;REFERENCES;315
22;CHAPTER 14. RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MICROBIAL POPULATIONS AND RATES OF NITRIFICATION AND DENITRIFICATION IN A HANFORD SOIL;320
22.1;ABSTRACT;320
22.2;I. A GENERAL VIEW OF THE NITROGEN CYCLE;321
22.3;II. NITRIFICATION AND DENITRIFICATION IN PARTICULAR;323
22.4;III. INTRODUCTION TO ENZYME AND MICROBIAL KINETICS IN SOIL;325
22.5;IV. KINETIC MODELING OF NITROGEN OXIDATION IN SOIL;336
22.6;V. THE ROLE OF FLUID MECHANICS IN THE MOVEMENT OF REACTIVE SOLUTES IN SOIL;350
22.7;VI. KINETIC MODELING OF DENITRIFICATION IN LABORATORY SOIL COLUMNS;361
22.8;VII. DENITRIFICATION IN FIELD PLOTS;368
22.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;373
22.10;VIII. REFERENCES;373
23;CHAPTER 15. CRITIQUE - OF "RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MICROBIAL POPULATIONS AND RATES OF NITRIFICATION AND DENITRIFICATION IN A HANFORD SOIL;380
23.1;ABSTRACT;380
23.2;I. INTRODUCTION;380
23.3;II. ANAEROBIC MICROSITES AND DENITRIFICATION;381
23.4;III. EVOLUTION OF NITROUS OXIDE;382
23.5;VI. TOTAL GASEOUS LOSSES OF NITROGEN;386
23.6;VI. FUTURE RESEARCH;388
23.7;VI. REFERENCES;390
24;CHAPTER 16. CRITIQUE - OF "RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MICROBIAL POPULATIONS AND RATES OF NITRIFICATION AND DENITRIFICATION IN A HANFORD SOIL";394
24.1;ABSTRACT;394
24.2;I. INTRODUCTION;394
24.3;II. MOVEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF SOLUTES;396
24.4;III. SUBSTRATES FOR NITRIFICATION;397
24.5;IV. BACTERIAL POPULATIONS AND MICROSITES;398
24.6;VI. DENITRIFICATION;401
24.7;VII. CONCLUSIONS;404
24.8;VIII. REFERENCES;405
25;CHAPTER 17. CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION;408
25.1;ABSTRACT;408
25.2;I. AN ARTIFICIAL NODULE;410
25.3;II. REGULATION OF SYMBIOTIC NITROGEN FIXATION;420
25.4;III. NEW NITROGEN FIXING PLANTS;424
25.5;IV. REFERENCES AND NOTES;428
26;CHAPTER 18. CRITIQUE - OF "CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION";432
26.1;I. INTRODUCTION;432
26.2;II. CONCLUSION;439
26.3;II. REFERENCES;441
27;CHAPTER 19. CRITIQUE - OF "CONTROL OF BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION;444
27.1;REALISTIC PARAMETERS FOR THE CONTROLLED APPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION;444
28;CHAPTER 20. METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF DENITRIFICATION IN SOILS;448
28.1;ABSTRACT;448
28.2;I . INTRODUCTION;448
28.3;II. INDIRECT METHODS FOR ANALYSES OF DENITRIFICATION POTENTIAL;450
28.4;III. DISAPPEARANCE OF NITRATE AND NITRITES;455
28.5;IV. 15N ISOTOPES;468
28.6;VI. EVOLUTION OF NITROGENOUS GASES;479
28.7;VII. REFERENCES;498
29;CHAPTER 21. CRITIQUE - OF "METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF DENITRIFICATION IN SOILS";506
29.1;ALTERNATIVE ASPECTS;506
29.2;REFERENCES;515
30;CHAPTER 22. CRITIQUE - OF "METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF DENITRIFICATION IN SOILS";518
30.1;ABSTRACT;518
30.2;I. INTRODUCTION;520
30.3;II. INDIRECT METHODS FOR ANALYSES OF DENITRIFICATION POTENTIAL;522
30.4;III. DISAPPEARANCE OF NITRATE AND NITRITE;523
30.5;IV. AND V. 15N AND 13N ISOTOPES AS TRACERS;527
30.6;VI. EVOLUTION OF NITROGENOUS GASES;528
30.7;VII. CONCLUDING COMMENTARY;533
30.8;VIII. REFERENCES;536
31;Index;540