O'Regan The Innovation in Computing Companion

A Compendium of Select, Pivotal Inventions
1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-030-02619-6
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 287 Seiten

This encyclopedic reference provides a concise and engaging overview of the groundbreaking inventions and conceptual innovations that have shaped the field of computing, and the technology that runs the modern world. Each alphabetically-ordered entry presents a brief account of a pivotal innovation and the great minds behind it, selected from a wide range of diverse topics.Topics and features:
Describes the development of Babbage's computing machines, Leibniz's binary arithmetic, Boole's symbolic logic, and Von Neumann architectureReviews a range of historical analog and digital computers, significant mainframes and minicomputers, and pioneering home and personal computersDiscusses a selection of programming languages and operating systems, along with key concepts in software engineering and commercial computingExamines the invention of the transistor, the integrated circuit, and the microprocessorRelates the history of such developments in personal computing as the mouse, the GUI, Atari video games, and Microsoft OfficeSurveys innovations in communications, covering mobile phones, WiFi, the Internet and World Wide Web, e-commerce, smartphones, social media, and GPSPresents coverage of topics on artificial intelligence, the ATM, digital photography and digital music, robotics, and WikipediaContains self-test quizzes and a helpful glossaryThis enjoyable compendium will appeal to the general reader curious about the intellectual milestones that led to the digital age, as well as to the student of computer science seeking a primer on the history of their field.Dr. Gerard O'Regan is a CMMI software process improvement consultant with research interests including software quality and software process improvement, mathematical approaches to software quality, and the history of computing. He is the author of such Springer titles as World of Computing, Concise Guide to Formal Methods, Concise Guide to Software Engineering, and Guide to Discrete Mathematics.

Dr. Gerard O'Regan is a CMMI software process improvement consultant with research interests including software quality and software process improvement, mathematical approaches to software quality, and the history of computing. He is the author of such Springer titles as World of Computing, Concise Guide to Formal Methods, Concise Guide to Software Engineering, Guide to Discrete Mathematics, Introduction to the History of Computing, Pillars of Computing, Introduction to Software Quality, Giants of Computing, and Mathematics in Computing.

Autoren/Hrsg.

O'Regan, Gerard

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Dedication;5
2;Preface;6
2.1;Overview;6
2.2;Organization and Features;6
2.3;Audience;7
3;Acknowledgments;8
4;Contents;9
5;List of Figures;14
6;List of Tables;18
7;Chapter 1: Background;19
7.1;1.1 Introduction;19
7.2;1.2 Digital Computers;21
7.3;1.3 Hardware and Software;22
7.4;1.4 Innovations in Computing;22
8;Chapter 2: ABC Computer;25
9;Chapter 3: Ada Programming Language;28
9.1;3.1 The Ada Language;30
10;Chapter 4: Agile Methodology;31
11;Chapter 5: Amdahl 470 and 580 Computers;35
12;Chapter 6: Analytic and Difference Engines;38
12.1;6.1 Difference Engine;39
12.2;6.2 Analytic Engine;41
12.2.1;6.2.1 Applications of Analytic Engine;42
13;Chapter 7: Apple II and Macintosh Computers;44
14;Chapter 8: Artificial Intelligence and Applications;48
14.1;8.1 The Turing Test;48
14.2;8.2 Searle’s Chinese Room;49
14.3;8.3 Machine Translation;50
14.4;8.4 Driverless Cars;51
15;Chapter 9: Atari Video Games;53
15.1;9.1 Atari Computers;57
16;Chapter 10: Automated Teller Machine;58
17;Chapter 11: AXE System;61
18;Chapter 12: Binary Number System;64
18.1;12.1 Applications: Computer Representation of Sets;67
19;Chapter 13: Boolean Algebra and Digital Computing;68
19.1;13.1 Switching Circuits and Boolean Algebra;71
20;Chapter 14: C and C++ Programming Languages;74
20.1;14.1 C Programming Language;74
20.2;14.2 C++ Programming Language;78
21;Chapter 15: Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems;80
21.1;15.1 Software as a Service;81
21.2;15.2 Service-Oriented Architecture;82
21.3;15.3 Distributed Systems;83
22;Chapter 16: CMMI and Software Process Improvement;85
22.1;16.1 Capability Maturity Model Integrated (CMMI);88
23;Chapter 17: Colossus and Code Breaking at Bletchley Park;90
23.1;17.1 Vernam Cipher;94
24;Chapter 18: Commodore PET and 64 Computers;95
24.1;18.1 Commodore PET;96
24.2;18.2 Commodore 64;97
24.3;18.3 The Demise of Commodore;98
25;Chapter 19: COBOL and Compilers;99
25.1;19.1 COBOL Programming Language;101
25.2;19.2 Compilers;102
26;Chapter 20: Databases;104
26.1;20.1 Hierarchical and Network Models;105
26.2;20.2 The Relational Model;106
26.3;20.3 Oracle Database;109
27;Chapter 21: DEC PDP-11 and VAX 11/780 Minicomputers;110
27.1;21.1 PDP-11 Minicomputer;111
27.2;21.2 The VAX 11/780 Minicomputer;112
28;Chapter 22: Digital Photography;114
28.1;22.1 Digital Cameras;115
29;Chapter 23: EDVAC and ENIAC Computers;119
29.1;23.1 EDVAC Computer;122
29.2;23.2 Controversy ABC and ENIAC;122
30;Chapter 24: Eliza Program;124
30.1;24.1 Eliza;125
30.2;24.2 Eliza and the Ethics of AI;127
31;Chapter 25: Email Communication;128
31.1;25.1 Invention of Email;129
31.2;25.2 Gmail;131
32;Chapter 26: E-Commerce;132
32.1;26.1 Formation of Dot Com Companies;133
32.1.1;26.1.1 Dot Com Failures;134
32.1.2;26.1.2 Bubble and Burst;135
33;Chapter 27: Formal Methods;138
34;Chapter 28: GPS;142
34.1;28.1 Basic Principles of GPS;144
34.2;28.2 Applications of GPS;145
35;Chapter 29: Graphical User Interface and Human-Computer Interaction;147
36;Chapter 30: Harvard Mark 1 Computer;151
37;Chapter 31: Hollerith’s Tabulating Machines and the Birth of IBM;154
38;Chapter 32: Integrated Circuit;157
38.1;32.1 Moore’s Law;159
38.2;32.2 Early Integrated Circuit Computers;160
39;Chapter 33: Internet;162
39.1;33.1 Birth of the Internet;164
39.2;33.2 Internet of Things;165
39.3;33.3 Internet of Money and Bitcoin;166
40;Chapter 34: Iridium System;168
41;Chapter 35: Java Programming Language;171
41.1;35.1 Java Virtual Machine;174
42;Chapter 36: LEO Computers;175
42.1;36.1 LEO I Computer;176
42.2;36.2 LEO II and LEO III Computers;177
43;Chapter 37: Manchester Baby and Mark 1 Computers;179
43.1;37.1 Manchester Mark 1;179
43.2;37.2 Williams Tube;181
43.3;37.3 Ferranti Mark 1;182
44;Chapter 38: Microprocessor;183
44.1;38.1 Early Microprocessors;185
45;Chapter 39: Mobile Phone;187
45.1;39.1 Development of Mobile Phone Standards;189
46;Chapter 40: Mouse;192
47;Chapter 41: MP3 Player and Digital Music;195
47.1;41.1 Digital Music;195
48;Chapter 42: MS/DOS Operating System;198
48.1;42.1 Licensing CP/M to IBM;200
49;Chapter 43: Office Software;202
49.1;43.1 Microsoft Excel;203
49.2;43.2 Microsoft PowerPoint;204
49.3;43.3 Microsoft Word;204
49.4;43.4 Microsoft Access and Outlook;205
50;Chapter 44: Open-Source Software;206
50.1;44.1 Free Software Foundation;207
50.2;44.2 GNU;209
51;Chapter 45: Object-Oriented Paradigm;210
52;Chapter 46: Personal and Home Computers;213
52.1;46.1 Home Computers;215
53;Chapter 47: Robotics;217
53.1;47.1 Robots and Ethics;220
53.2;47.2 Robots and Intelligence;221
54;Chapter 48: Smartphones and Social Media;223
54.1;48.1 The Smartphone;224
54.2;48.2 The Facebook Revolution;225
54.3;48.3 The Tweet;227
54.4;48.4 Social Media and Fake News;229
55;Chapter 49: Software Inspection Methodology;231
55.1;49.1 Fagan Inspection Process;232
56;Chapter 50: Software Life Cycles;235
56.1;50.1 Spiral Life Cycles;236
56.2;50.2 Rational Unified Process;236
57;Chapter 51: The System/360 Revolution;239
57.1;51.1 Background to the System/360;240
57.2;51.2 The IBM System/360;241
58;Chapter 52: Transistor;245
58.1;52.1 Early Transistor Computers;247
59;Chapter 53: UNIX Operating System;249
59.1;53.1 UNIX Shell;250
59.2;53.2 UNIX Kernel;251
60;Chapter 54: Von Neumann Architecture;252
61;Chapter 55: Wi-Fi Technology;255
61.1;55.1 Wi-Fi Security;257
62;Chapter 56: Wikipedia;258
62.1;56.1 Wikipedia Quality Controls;260
63;Chapter 57: World Wide Web;262
64;Chapter 58: Z3 and Z4 Computers;266
64.1;58.1 The Z1–Z3 Machines;267
64.2;58.2 The Z4 Machine;268
64.3;58.3 Plankalkül;269
65;Chapter 59: Epilogue;271
65.1;59.1 What Next in Computing?;272
66;Test Yourself (Quiz 1);273
67;Test Yourself (Quiz 2);274
68;Test Yourself (Quiz 3);275
69;Glossary;276
70;References;281
71;Index;284