Ossi Advances in the Application of Lasers in Materials Science

1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-319-96845-2
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 274, 410 Seiten

Reihe: Springer Series in Materials Science

The book covers recent advances and progress in understanding both the fundamental science of lasers interactions in materials science, as well as a special emphasis on emerging applications enabled by the irradiation of materials by pulsed laser systems. The different chapters illustrate how, by careful control of the processing conditions, laser irradiation can result in efficient material synthesis, characterization, and fabrication at various length scales from atomically-thin 2D materials to microstructured periodic surface structures. This book serves as an excellent resource for all who employ lasers in materials science, spanning such different disciplines as photonics, photovoltaics, and sensing, to biomedical applications.
 

Paolo M. Ossi is Associate Professor of Physics of Matter at the Politecnico di Milano. His main research interests include modeling the interaction between energetic beams (photons; particles) and solid surfaces, the controlled nanoparticle synthesis (oxides, transition and noble metals) by Pulsed Laser Deposition in dense gases and liquids, the growth and evolution under solar irradiation of snow nanocrystals (natural and artificial). He is author, or co-author of about 200 publications in International journals, numerous invited contributions to international volumes. He is co-editor of five books/proceedings. He authored the books Disordered Materials - An Introduction (Springer, Berlin, 2nd Ed., 2006) and Plasmi per Superfici (Polipress, Milano, 2006). He is holder of two patents and Co-Editor of the Springer Series Topics in Applied Physics. 
Antonio Miotello is full professor of Experimental Physics at Trento University. His main research interests include microscopic processes involved in growth of thin films by using deposition techniques: Physical Vapor Deposition and Laser-Ablation, synthesis of nanoparticles of composite materials having catalytic properties for hydrolysis of chemical hydrides and development of related reactor chambers,  synthesis of photocatalysts for water purification or splitting for hydrogen production with photolectrochemical cells, modeling the growth of nanostructures using Density Functional Theory and Monte Carlo simulation.
He is author, or co-author of more than 350 peer reviewed papers published in international journals and holder of two patents.
Maria Dinescu is Senior Scientist 1st degree, research group leader (Photonic Processing of Advanced Materials: ppam.inflpr.ro), National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), Bucharest, Romania. Her main research interests include Laser materials processing (Laser Induced forward transfer-LIFT, Matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE), Pulsed laser deposition (PLD)), ferroelectrics, high k dielectrics, materials for energy. She is author or co-author of more than 250 peer reviewed papers published in international journals, 9 book chapters. She is co-editor of seven books/proceedings. She serves as Co-editor of Applied Surface Science.
David B. Geohegan is Distinguished Research Staff of Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Group Leader Functional Hybrid Materials at the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. His main research interests include understanding and controlling the synthesis of thin films and nanostructured materials through the development of time resolved laser spectroscopy and imaging diagnostic techniques; fundamental studies of growth mechanisms of single-walled carbon nanotubes and nanohorns, graphene and two-dimensional metal chalcogenide crystals, nanoparticles, inorganic and organic nanowires; laser interactions with materials for synthesis, characterization, and processing of nanoscale materials which exhibit new nanoscale properties; exploring the functionality of nanoscale materials for energy, including hydrogen storage, solid state lighting, and photovoltaics. He is author, or co-author, of more than 250 peer reviewed papers published in international journals and holder of seven patents.  

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ossi, Paolo M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;Contributors;15
4;1 Laser Synthesis, Processing, and Spectroscopy of Atomically-Thin Two Dimensional Materials;20
4.1;1.1 Introduction;21
4.2;1.2 Key Challenges in the Synthesis of Atomically-Thin 2D Materials with Controllable Functionality;23
4.3;1.3 Laser-Based Synthesis and Processing of 2D Materials;25
4.3.1;1.3.1 Pulsed Laser Deposition of 2D Materials;25
4.3.2;1.3.2 Laser Techniques for “Top-Down” and “Bottom Up” Defect Engineering of 2D Crystals;26
4.3.3;1.3.3 Substrateless Growth of 2D Materials by Laser Vaporization;28
4.3.4;1.3.4 Laser Thinning of Layered Two-Dimensional Materials;29
4.3.5;1.3.5 Laser Conversion of Two-Dimensional Materials;31
4.3.6;1.3.6 Laser Crystallization and Annealing of TMDs;32
4.3.7;1.3.7 Laser-Induced Phase Conversion of Two-Dimensional Crystals;33
4.3.8;1.3.8 Future Directions of Laser Synthesis and Processing of Atomically-Thin 2D Materials;34
4.4;1.4 Optical Techniques for 2D Material Characterization;34
4.4.1;1.4.1 Overview;34
4.4.2;1.4.2 Raman Spectroscopy of 2D Materials;37
4.4.3;1.4.3 Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of 2D Materials;42
4.4.4;1.4.4 Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy of 2D Materials;44
4.4.5;1.4.5 Ultrafast Spectroscopy of 2D Materials;45
4.5;1.5 Summary;49
4.6;References;50
5;2 The Role of Defects in Pulsed Laser Matter Interaction;57
5.1;2.1 Introduction;57
5.2;2.2 Intrinsic Defects;58
5.2.1;2.2.1 Field Enhancement by Structural Defects;59
5.2.2;2.2.2 Field Enhancement by Impurities;60
5.2.3;2.2.3 Thermal Damage by Absorber Impurities;60
5.2.4;2.2.4 Irradiation Area Dependence of Laser-Induced Threshold Fluences;63
5.3;2.3 Laser-Generated Defects;65
5.3.1;2.3.1 Dielectrics;68
5.3.2;2.3.2 Metals;70
5.3.3;2.3.3 Semiconductors;73
5.4;2.4 Conclusion;74
5.5;References;76
6;3 Surface Functionalization by Laser-Induced Structuring;80
6.1;3.1 Introduction;80
6.2;3.2 Functionality of Textured Surfaces;81
6.2.1;3.2.1 Wettability;81
6.2.2;3.2.2 Color;84
6.2.3;3.2.3 Field Enhancement;86
6.2.4;3.2.4 Templates for Biological and Technological Films;87
6.3;3.3 Laser Patterning;88
6.3.1;3.3.1 Multi-beam Interference and Ablation;88
6.3.2;3.3.2 Single-Beam Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS);90
6.4;References;99
7;4 Laser-Inducing Extreme Thermodynamic Conditions in Condensed Matter to Produce Nanomaterials for Catalysis and the Photocatalysis;106
7.1;4.1 Introduction;107
7.2;4.2 Mechanisms Involved in PLD to Synthesize NPs;107
7.3;4.3 Thermodynamic Modeling of Phase Explosion in the Nanosecond Laser Ablation of Metals;108
7.3.1;4.3.1 Thermodynamics of Metastable Liquid Metals;108
7.3.2;4.3.2 Heat Diffusion Problem;110
7.3.3;4.3.3 Vaporization;111
7.3.4;4.3.4 Phase Explosion;112
7.3.5;4.3.5 Computational Framework;114
7.3.6;4.3.6 Results and Discussion;115
7.4;4.4 Pulsed Laser Deposition of Nanostructured Catalysts: An Application for PEC (Photo-Electrochemical Cell) Technology;117
7.4.1;4.4.1 Porous Versus Compact Catalyst Morphology for Photoanodes Functionalization;118
7.5;4.5 Conclusions;122
7.6;References;122
8;5 Insights into Laser-Materials Interaction Through Modeling on Atomic and Macroscopic Scales;124
8.1;5.1 Introduction;125
8.2;5.2 Transient Response of Materials to Ultrafast Laser Excitation: Optical Properties;126
8.2.1;5.2.1 Metals: Transient Optical Properties;127
8.2.2;5.2.2 Bandgap Materials;139
8.2.3;5.2.3 Semiconductors: Non-thermal Melting and Pump-Probe Experiments;141
8.3;5.3 Continuum-Level Modeling of Thermal and Mechanical Response to Laser Excitation at the Scale of the Laser Spot;143
8.3.1;5.3.1 Thermal Modeling of Laser Melting and Resolidification;144
8.3.2;5.3.2 Thermoelastic Modeling of the Dynamic Evolution of Laser-Induced Stresses;147
8.3.3;5.3.3 Material Redistribution Through Elastoplasticity and Hydrodynamic Flow;150
8.4;5.4 Molecular Dynamics Modeling of Laser-Materials Interactions;152
8.4.1;5.4.1 Molecular Dynamics: Generation of Crystal Defects;153
8.4.2;5.4.2 Molecular Dynamics: Ablative Generation of Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures;157
8.5;5.5 Concluding Remarks;159
8.6;References;161
9;6 Ultrafast Laser Micro and Nano Processing of Transparent Materials—From Fundamentals to Applications;166
9.1;6.1 Introduction;167
9.2;6.2 Direct Fabrication Using Gaussian Laser Beams;168
9.2.1;6.2.1 Standard Fabrication Approach;169
9.2.2;6.2.2 Near-Field Approach;174
9.2.3;6.2.3 Alternative Technology to Laser Machining: Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Machining;177
9.3;6.3 Hybrid Approach;178
9.3.1;6.3.1 Single-Step Processing: Laser Machining in Suitable Environment;179
9.3.2;6.3.2 Multi-step Processing: Laser Irradiation, Followed by Chemical Etching and Heat Treatment;181
9.4;6.4 Non-diffractive Approach for Flexible Fabrication;182
9.4.1;6.4.1 Zero-Order Bessel Beams;183
9.4.2;6.4.2 Vortex Beams;196
9.4.3;6.4.3 Curved Beams;199
9.5;6.5 Conclusions;201
9.6;References;202
10;7 Molecular Orbital Tomography Based on High-Order Harmonic Generation: Principles and Perspectives;208
10.1;7.1 Introduction;209
10.2;7.2 High-Order Harmonic Generation;210
10.2.1;7.2.1 Lewenstein Model;213
10.2.2;7.2.2 Saddle Point Approximation;215
10.2.3;7.2.3 Macroscopic Effects;216
10.3;7.3 HHG for Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy;217
10.4;7.4 Molecular Orbital Tomography Based on HHG;219
10.4.1;7.4.1 Impulsive Molecular Alignment;220
10.4.2;7.4.2 Theory of HHG-based Molecular Orbital Tomography;223
10.4.3;7.4.3 Experimental Molecular Tomography;226
10.4.4;7.4.4 Open Issues and Possible Solutions;229
10.4.5;7.4.5 Conclusions and Perspectives;231
10.5;References;231
11;8 Laser Ablation Propulsion and Its Applications in Space;234
11.1;8.1 What Is Laser Ablation Propulsion and What Use Is It?;234
11.2;8.2 Photon Beam Propulsion;235
11.3;8.3 Laser Ablation Propulsion;235
11.4;8.4 Pulsed Laser Ablation Propulsion Details;236
11.5;8.5 Optima;240
11.6;8.6 Why not CW?;241
11.7;8.7 Breakthrough Starshot;243
11.8;8.8 Theory for Calculating Cmopt;243
11.9;8.9 Plasma Regime Theory for Ablation Propulsion;243
11.10;8.10 Vapor Regime Theory;245
11.11;8.11 Combined Theory;246
11.12;8.12 Ultrashort Pulses;248
11.13;8.13 Diffraction and Range as They Affect Space System Design;250
11.14;8.14 Thermal Coupling with Repetitive Pulses;251
11.15;8.15 Practical Case: Thermal Coupling for a Laser Rocket;253
11.16;8.16 Applications;253
11.16.1;8.16.1 Interplanetary Laser Rocket;253
11.16.2;8.16.2 L’ADROIT;256
11.16.3;8.16.3 Something Good for the Environment;258
11.16.4;8.16.4 Fiber Laser Arrays Versus Monolithic Solid State Lasers;258
11.16.5;8.16.5 Repetitive Pulse Monolithic Diode Pumped Solid State Lasers;260
11.16.6;8.16.6 Perspective;260
11.17;References;261
12;9 Laser Structuring of Soft Materials: Laser-Induced Forward Transfer and Two-Photon Polymerization;264
12.1;9.1 Introduction;264
12.2;9.2 Laser-Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT);267
12.2.1;9.2.1 LIFT in Solid Versus Liquid Phase;267
12.2.2;9.2.2 LIFT for Device Fabrication: Towards Industrial Applications;273
12.2.3;9.2.3 Conclusions and Future Prospects;276
12.3;9.3 Laser Direct Writing Via Two Photon Polymerization (LDW Via TPP);277
12.3.1;9.3.1 3D Biomimetic Structures for Tissue Engineering;277
12.3.2;9.3.2 Basics of LDW via TPP;278
12.3.3;9.3.3 LDW Via TPP of 3D Structures;280
12.3.4;9.3.4 Conclusions and Future Prospects;286
12.4;References;287
13;10 UV- and RIR-MAPLE: Fundamentals and Applications;291
13.1;10.1 Introduction;291
13.2;10.2 Conventional UV-MAPLE;293
13.3;10.3 UV-MAPLE: Applications;297
13.4;10.4 RIR-MAPLE: Motivation for Emulsion Targets;305
13.5;10.5 RIR-MAPLE: Frozen Emulsion Targets;306
13.6;10.6 RIR-MAPLE: Film Formation from Emulsion Targets;308
13.7;10.7 RIR-MAPLE: Impact of Primary Solvent, Secondary Solvent, Surfactant and Matrix in Frozen Emulsion Targets;310
13.8;10.8 RIR-MAPLE: Emulsion Targets for Hydrophilic Polymers;313
13.9;10.9 RIR-MAPLE: Applications Using Emulsion Targets;317
13.10;10.10 Conclusions;318
13.11;References;319
14;11 Combinatorial Laser Synthesis of Biomaterial Thin Films: Selection and Processing for Medical Applications;325
14.1;11.1 Introduction;325
14.2;11.2 Combinatorial Laser Synthesis Approaches;328
14.3;11.3 Biomaterials Selection for Biomedical Applications;331
14.3.1;11.3.1 Compositional Gradient Thin Films of Sr-Substituted and ZOL Modified HA;331
14.3.2;11.3.2 Combinatorial Maps Fabricated from Chitosan and Biomimetic Apatite for Orthopaedic Applications;336
14.3.3;11.3.3 Combinatorial Fibronectin Embedded in a Biodegradable Matrix by C-MAPLE;340
14.4;11.4 Discussion;346
14.5;11.5 Conclusions and Perspectives;347
14.6;References;348
15;12 Laser Synthesized Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring;355
15.1;12.1 Historical Background;356
15.1.1;12.1.1 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM);358
15.1.2;12.1.2 Epilepsy;358
15.1.3;12.1.3 Parkinson’s disease (PD);359
15.1.4;12.1.4 Analytical techniques;359
15.2;12.2 Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS);361
15.2.1;12.2.1 SERS Sensors Obtained by Pulsed Laser Deposition;362
15.3;12.3 Application of PLA-Synthesized Nanostructured Gold Sensors to Detect Apomorphine and Carbamazepine;367
15.3.1;12.3.1 Apomorphine (APO);367
15.3.2;12.3.2 Carbamazepine (CBZ);371
15.4;12.4 Conclusion and Perspectives;375
15.5;References;375
16;13 Nonlinear Optics in Laser Ablation Plasmas;377
16.1;13.1 Introduction;377
16.2;13.2 Fundamentals of Harmonic Generation;379
16.3;13.3 Experimental Systems for Frequency up-Conversion in Laser Ablation Plasmas;383
16.4;13.4 Harmonic Generation in Nanosecond Laser Ablation Plasmas of Solid Targets;385
16.4.1;13.4.1 Third and Fifth Harmonic Generation in Nanosecond Laser Ablation Plasmas of Dielectrics;385
16.4.2;13.4.2 Low-Order Harmonic Generation in Laser Ablation Plasmas of Metals;387
16.4.3;13.4.3 Harmonic Generation by Atomic and Nanoparticle Precursors in Nanosecond Ablation Plasma of Semiconductors;390
16.4.4;13.4.4 Low-Order HG in Nanosecond Laser Ablation Plasmas of Carbon Containing Materials;394
16.4.5;13.4.5 Frequency Mixing in the Perturbative Regime in Laser Ablation Plasmas;396
16.5;13.5 Conclusions;398
16.6;References;399
17;Subject Index;402