Ost / Allison / Vance A Laboratory Introduction to Psychology

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-7419-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 224 Seiten, Web PDF

A Laboratory Introduction to Psychology was written to acquaint the student with the concepts and methods of laboratory science as they apply to psychology. It is assumed that the laboratory course will follow or accompany a comprehensive course in introductory psychology which emphasizes scientific topics. The experiments have been related to journal articles and to sections of several popular textbooks so that students and instructors will have ready access to introductory material. This manual is limited to standard topics of experimental psychology, but includes some experiments that are relatively new. The topics discussed are grouped into in three main categories: Animal Behavior, Sensory Processes, and Human Behavior. Within each of these sections, the experiments are somewhat connected in shorter series. The Animal Behavior studies include one series consisting of conditioning, extinction, discrimination, and secondary reinforcement, and a second series on schedules of reinforcement and motivation. The experiments on Sensory Processes include some threshold measurements, and also a series of studies on perceived magnitude, adaptation level, and illusions. The experiments on Human Behavior include a series on learning and transfer, on short-term memory, and on two-person interactions.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ost, John W. P.

Allison, James

Vance, William B.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;A Laboratory Introduction to Psychology;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;PREFACE;6
6;PART I: EXPERIMENTS WITH ANIMAL BEHAVIOR;12
6.1;GENERAL PROCEDURES;15
6.2;BACKGROUND MATERIAL;17
6.3;CONDITIONING THE RAT;18
6.4;EXPERIMENT 1. EXTINCTION AND SPONTANEOUS RECOVERY;26
6.4.1;PROBLEM;26
6.4.2;PROCEDURE;26
6.4.3;CONTROLS;26
6.4.4;RESULTS;27
6.4.5;DISCUSSION;27
6.5;EXPERIMENT 2. DISCRIMINATION TRAINING;32
6.5.1;PROBLEM;32
6.5.2;PROCEDURE;32
6.5.3;RESULTS;33
6.5.4;REFERENCE;33
6.6;EXPERIMENT 3. SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT;36
6.6.1;PROBLEM;36
6.6.2;PROCEDURE;36
6.6.3;RESULTS;37
6.6.4;DISCUSSION;37
6.6.5;REFERENCES;38
6.6.6;SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT: INTRODUCTION;42
6.7;EXPERIMENT 4. RESPONSE RATE AND SCHEDULES OF REINFORCEMENT;46
6.7.1;PROBLEM;46
6.7.2;PROCEDURE;46
6.7.3;RESULTS;47
6.8;EXPERIMENT 5. THE PARTIAL REINFORCEMENT EFFECT IN EXTINCTION;48
6.8.1;PROBLEM;48
6.8.2;PROCEDURE;48
6.8.3;RESULTS;49
6.8.4;REFERENCE;49
6.9;EXPERIMENT 6. MOTIVATION;50
6.9.1;PROBLEM;50
6.9.2;PROCEDURE;50
6.9.3;RESULTS;50
7;PART II: EXPERIMENTS IN SENSORY PROCESSES;52
7.1;EXPERIMENT 7. THE DIFFERENCE THRESHOLD FOR WEIGHT;54
7.1.1;PROBLEM;54
7.1.2;APPARATUS;55
7.1.3;PROCEDURE;55
7.1.4;RESULTS;55
7.1.5;REFERENCES;56
7.2;EXPERIMENT 8. PHYSICAL MAGNITUDE AND PERCEIVED MAGNITUDE;60
7.2.1;APPARATUS;61
7.2.2;PROCEDURE;61
7.2.3;ANALYSIS;61
7.2.4;REFERENCE;62
7.3;EXPERIMENT 9. ADAPTATION LEVEL;63
7.3.1;APPARATUS;63
7.3.2;PROCEDURE;63
7.3.3;CONTROLS;64
7.3.4;RESULTS;64
7.3.5;REFERENCE;65
7.4;EXPERIMENT 10. RELATIVE-SIZE ILLUSION;68
7.4.1;PROBLEM;68
7.4.2;MATERIALS;68
7.4.3;PROCEDURE;69
7.4.4;INSTRUCTIONS TO SUBJECT;69
7.4.5;RESULTS;70
7.4.6;DISCUSSION;70
7.4.7;REFERENCE;72
7.5;EXPERIMENT 11. VISUAL ACUITY IN THE RETINAL PERIPHERY;92
7.5.1;PROBLEM;92
7.5.2;APPARATUS;93
7.5.3;PROCEDURE;93
7.5.4;RESULTS;93
8;PART III: EXPERIMENTS IN HUMAN LEARNING AND PERFORMANCE;98
8.1;EXPERIMENT 12. TRANSFER OF TRAINING;100
8.1.1;PROBLEM;100
8.1.2;APPARATUS;100
8.1.3;PROCEDURE;101
8.1.4;RESULTS;101
8.1.5;SHORT-TERM MEMORY: INTRODUCTION;106
8.1.6;REFERENCES;107
8.2;EXPERIMENT 13. SHORT-TERM MEMORY FOR DIGITS: I;108
8.2.1;PROBLEM;108
8.2.2;PROCEDURE;108
8.2.3;RESULTS;109
8.2.4;CONCLUSIONS;109
8.2.5;THEORY;109
8.3;EXPERIMENT 14. SHORT-TERM MEMORY FOR DIGITS: II;114
8.3.1;PROBLEM;114
8.3.2;RESULTS;114
8.3.3;DISCUSSION;115
8.4;EXPERIMENT 15. SHORT-TERM MEMORY FOR DIGITS: III;120
8.4.1;PROBLEM;120
8.4.2;PROCEDURE;121
8.4.3;RESULTS;121
8.4.4;DISCUSSION;122
8.5;EXPERIMENT 16. SERIAL LEARNING;126
8.5.1;PROBLEM;126
8.5.2;CONTROLS;126
8.5.3;MATERIALS;126
8.5.4;PROCEDURE;127
8.5.5;RESULTS;127
8.5.6;DISCUSSION;127
8.5.7;REFERENCE;128
8.6;EXPERIMENT 17. SERIAL LEARNING AND UNUSUAL ITEMS;132
8.6.1;PROBLEM;132
8.6.2;MATERIALS;132
8.6.3;PROCEDURE;133
8.6.4;RESULTS;133
8.6.5;TWO PERSON GAMES: INTRODUCTION;136
8.7;EXPERIMENT 18. TWO-PERSON GAMES: I;137
8.7.1;PROCEDURE;139
8.7.2;RESULTS;139
8.7.3;REFERENCE;141
8.8;EXPERIMENT 19. TWO-PERSON GAMES: II. The Prisoner's Dilemma;160
8.8.1;PROBLEM;160
8.8.2;PROCEDURE;161
8.8.3;RESULTS;161
9;APPENDIX A: METHODS IN THE ANALYSIS OF DATA;180
9.1;DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS;181
9.2;INFERENTIAL STATISTICS;193
9.3;REFERENCES;208
10;APPENDIX B: USE OF THE RANDOM NUMBER TABLE;210
11;APPENDIX C: EXPERIMENTAL REPORTS;216
11.1;ORGANIZATION OF REPORTS;216
11.2;GENERAL COMMENTS;221
12;SAMPLE EXPERIMENTAL REPORT;222
12.1;INTRODUCTION;222
12.2;METHOD;222
12.3;RESULTS;223
12.4;DISCUSSION;223
12.5;REFERENCE;223