Pandi-Perumal / Monti Clinical Pharmacology of Sleep

1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-3-7643-7440-2
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 239 Seiten

From the emergence of clinical sleep medicine marked by the establishment of the harbinger Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic in the mid 1970s, offspring sleep dis- ders clinics and centers have grown exponentially with the recognition of the unmet diagnostic and treatment needs of the reservoir of patients suffering from sy- toms of what are now recognized and classi?ed as the nosology of human sleep disorders. Important in the growing armamentarium of treatment options for the sleep practitioner are both traditional and newer pharmacological agents, including over-the-counter, non-traditional, and prescription types, that are all used to treat, sometimes adjunctively, most clinically recognized sleep disorders. Although there are numerous academic treatises and reviews dealing with in- vidual treatment alternatives for the diversity of recognized sleep disorders, no one comprehensive resource, extant, has dealt with pharmacological treatment options and strategies for the major human sleep disorders associated with a panoply of symptomatic conditions. The present volume and its series of chapters individually focusing on a range of human conditions, from pediatric sleep disorders to sle- relateddisordersofindividualssufferingfromAlzheimer'sdementia,uniquelycover the wide range of human medical conditions amenable to thoughtfully sleep-related applied drug therapy. The Editors have brought together a superb group of internationally respected sleep clinicians, and researchers, that provide state-of-the-art analysis of the current basic and clinical perspective regarding the most common sleep disorders that are amenable to pharmacological treatment. In each chapter the authors outline a th- oughhistoricalbackgroundoftheparticulardisorderandreviewthebasicpre-clinical studies leading to current treatment options.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Pandi-Perumal, S. R.

Monti, J. M.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;4
2;List of contributors;6
3;Foreword;9
4;Preface;11
5;Credits and acknowledgements;12
6;Dedication;13
7;Primary and secondary insomnia;15
7.1;Introduction;15
7.2;Primary insomnia;15
7.3;Secondary insomnia;19
7.4;References;21
8;Primary insomnia: diagnosis and treatment;24
8.1;Introduction;24
8.2;Diagnosis of insomnia;25
8.3;Treatment of insomnia;27
8.4;References;29
9;Neuropharmacology of obstructive sleep apnea and central apnea;33
9.1;Introduction;33
9.2;Obstructive sleep apnea;33
9.3;Pro-in.ammatory cytokines and anti-cytokine therapy;39
9.4;Other drug therapies;40
9.5;Pharmacological treatments of OSA risk factors and morbidities;41
9.6;Central sleep apnea;44
9.7;Summary and future directions;45
9.8;References;45
10;Narcolepsy syndrome: a new view at the beginning of the second millennium;54
10.1;Introduction and history;54
10.2;Prevalence, genetics, and environmental factors;54
10.3;Clinical features;56
10.4;The secondary narcolepsy-cataplexy;59
10.5;Pharmacological studies;60
10.6;Shortcomings of current therapy;63
10.7;Conclusion;64
10.8;References;64
11;Sleep disturbances in restless legs syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movements ( PLM);71
11.1;De.nition and historical notes;71
11.2;Epidemiology and clinical features;72
11.3;Pathogenic hypotheses;77
11.4;Sleep disturbances and periodic leg movements in RLS;78
11.5;Non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment of RLS and PLM;81
11.6;References;84
12;Sleep disturbances in anxiety disorders;90
12.1;Sleep disturbances in anxiety disorders;90
12.2;Sleep and sleep disturbances in anxiety disorders;91
12.3;Treatment of sleep disturbance in anxiety disorders;95
12.4;References;100
13;Sleep disturbances in affective disorders;110
13.1;Introduction;110
13.2;Sleep EEG .ndings in affective disorders;111
13.3;Depression and sleep-wake regulation mechanisms;114
13.4;Antidepressive therapies and sleep;121
13.5;Conclusion;124
13.6;References;124
14;Sleep disturbance in schizophrenia;134
14.1;Introduction;134
14.2;Subjective reports and questionnaire studies;135
14.3;Laboratory studies of sleep;136
14.4;Conclusions;139
14.5;References;139
15;Clinical pharmacology of sleep disturbances in children and adolescents;141
15.1;Introduction;141
15.2;Epidemiology of pediatric sleep disorders and medication use;141
15.3;Screening for sleep problems and evaluation of sleep complaints;142
15.4;General medication guidelines;143
15.5;Pediatric insomnia;143
15.6;Guidelines for treating pediatric insomnia;144
15.7;Medication use in pediatric insomnia;144
15.8;Special considerations for pharmacological treatment of pediatric insomnia in children with children with special needs;144
15.9;Pharmacological agents for pediatric insomnia;145
15.10;Pharmacological treatment for other pediatric sleep disorders;152
15.11;Management of parasomnias;152
15.12;Narcolepsy;153
15.13;Management of narcolepsy;153
15.14;RLS/PLMD;154
15.15;Management of RLS and PLMD;155
15.16;Conclusions;156
15.17;References;157
16;Assessment and treatment of sleep disturbances in aged population;161
16.1;Sleep;161
16.2;Sleep stages;161
16.3;Sleep in the elderly population;162
16.4;Circadian rhythm disturbances;164
16.5;Sleep disordered breathing;165
16.6;Insomnia;168
16.7;Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder;175
16.8;References;177
17;Sleep disturbances in Alzheimer’s disease;181
17.1;Introduction;181
17.2;The biological bases of sleep disturbances in AD;182
17.3;Diagnosis of sleep disturbance in AD;183
17.4;Interactions between biological changes and environmental situations;183
17.5;Other causes of sleep disturbance in AD;184
17.6;Symptomatic treatment of insomnia in AD patients;186
17.7;The need for controlled clinical trials for improving sleep quality in AD;187
17.8;Nonpharmacological approaches to treating sleep disturbance in AD patients;188
17.9;Conclusions and a view to the future;188
17.10;References;189
18;Sleep disturbance during menopause;191
18.1;Introduction;191
18.2;Characteristics of climacterium;192
18.3;The effect of female sex hormone on the brain;193
18.4;Sleep and climacteric symptoms;193
18.5;The effect of hormone therapy on sleep quality;194
18.6;Sleep-disordered breathing during menopause;196
18.7;Other sleep-disorders during menopause;199
18.8;Treatment of sleep disturbances during menopause;199
18.9;Conclusion;200
18.10;References;200
19;Chronopharmacology and its implications to the pharmacology of sleep;205
19.1;The biological clock;205
19.2;Circadian rhythm disorders;206
19.3;The basis of chronopharmacology;207
19.4;Applied chronopharmacology;207
19.5;Chronobiotics;210
19.6;References;211
20;Overview of currently available benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics;215
20.1;Introduction;215
20.2;Insomnia: diagnostic criteria;216
20.3;The GABAA receptor and the mechanism of action of benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics;219
20.4;Pharmacokinetics of benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics;219
20.5;Metabolic clearance of benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics in populations at risk;221
20.6;The effect of benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics on sleep variables in patients with insomnia;222
20.7;Adverse effects of benzodiazepine and nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics;225
20.8;Long-term nightly;226
20.9;non-nightly administration of;226
20.10;hypnotic drugs in the treatment of chronic insomnia;226
20.11;References;227
21;Rebound and withdrawal with benzodiazepine and non- benzodiazepine hypnotic medication;232
21.1;Introduction;232
21.2;Definition of terms;232
21.3;Methodology;233
21.4;Benzodiazepines;234
21.5;Zopiclone;235
21.6;Zolpidem;236
21.7;Zaleplon;237
21.8;Clinical implications;238
21.9;Conclusion;238
21.10;References;239
22;Index;242