Papanikolaou A Holistic Approach to Ship Design

Volume 1: Optimisation of Ship Design and Operation for Life Cycle
1. Auflage 2018
ISBN: 978-3-030-02810-7
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 501 Seiten

This book introduces a holistic approach to ship design and its optimisation for life-cycle operation. It deals with the scientific background of the adopted approach and the associated synthesis model, which follows modern computer aided engineering (CAE) procedures. It integrates techno-economic databases, calculation and multi-objective optimisation modules and s/w tools with a well-established Computer-Aided Design (CAD) platform, along with a Virtual Vessel Framework (VVF), which will allow virtual testing before the building phase of a new vessel. The resulting graphic user interface (GUI) and information exchange systems enable the exploration of the huge design space to a much larger extent and in less time than is currently possible, thus leading to new insights and promising new design alternatives. The book not only covers the various stages of the design of the main ship system, but also addresses relevant major onboard systems/components in terms of life-cycle performance to offer readers a better understanding of suitable outfitting details, which is a key aspect when it comes the outfitting-intensive products of international shipyards. The book disseminates results of the EU funded Horizon 2020 project HOLISHIP.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Papanikolaou, Apostolos

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;9
3;Editor and Contributors;11
4;Abbreviations;15
5;1 Introduction to the HOLISHIP Project;21
5.1;1.1 Historical Review;21
5.2;1.2 The HOLISHIP Project;24
5.3;References;27
6;2 Holistic Ship Design Optimisation;29
6.1;2.1 Introduction to Holistic Ship Design Optimisation;30
6.2;2.2 The Evolution of the Holistic Approach to Ship Design;33
6.3;2.3 The Generic Ship Design Optimisation Problem;35
6.4;2.4 Optimisation of Tanker Design;37
6.4.1;2.4.1 Multi-objective AFRAMAX Tanker Design;38
6.4.2;2.4.2 The Design Approach;41
6.4.3;2.4.3 Tank Arrangement;43
6.4.4;2.4.4 Structural Model;44
6.4.5;2.4.5 Analyses and Simulations;46
6.5;2.5 Discussion of Results;49
6.5.1;2.5.1 Exploration;49
6.5.2;2.5.2 Refinements;51
6.5.3;2.5.3 Sensitivities;52
6.5.4;2.5.4 The RFR-OOI Sensitivity Study;54
6.6;2.6 Conclusions;55
6.7;References;56
7;3 On the History of Ship Design for the Life Cycle;63
7.1;3.1 Introduction;64
7.2;3.2 Ship Design Decision Models;65
7.2.1;3.2.1 Ship Design as Optimization;65
7.2.2;3.2.2 The Stagewise Structure of the Ship Design Process;65
7.2.3;3.2.3 The Generic Ship Design Model;67
7.3;3.3 Specific Cases of Ship Design Optimization Studies;68
7.3.1;3.3.1 Generations of Ship Design Models;68
7.3.2;3.3.2 Synthesis Models;70
7.3.3;3.3.3 Multiobjective Models;72
7.3.4;3.3.4 Holistic Design Models;78
7.3.5;3.3.5 Risk-Based Design Models;85
7.4;3.4 Conclusions;89
7.5;References;91
8;4 Market Conditions, Mission Requirements and Operational Profiles;94
8.1;4.1 Introduction;95
8.1.1;4.1.1 RoPAX;96
8.1.2;4.1.2 Double-Ended Ferry;97
8.1.3;4.1.3 Offshore Support Vessel;98
8.2;4.2 Market Analysis of the RoPAX Vessel Segment;99
8.2.1;4.2.1 Introduction;99
8.2.2;4.2.2 The RoPAX Vessel Segment;100
8.2.3;4.2.3 The Double-Ended Ferries Market Segment;103
8.2.4;4.2.4 Conclusions for the Future Development in the RoPAX Vessel Segment (Including DE Ferries);104
8.3;4.3 Mission Requirement;106
8.3.1;4.3.1 Transport Task;106
8.3.2;4.3.2 Defining the Vessel;107
8.4;4.4 Initial Sizing;107
8.4.1;4.4.1 Definition of Concept Design;108
8.4.2;4.4.2 Regression Analysis;108
8.4.3;4.4.3 Other Stakeholders and Their Impact;110
8.5;4.5 Operational Profiles;111
8.5.1;4.5.1 Other Stakeholders and Their Impact;111
8.5.2;4.5.2 Operational Profiling Tool—Input;112
8.5.3;4.5.3 Operational Profiling Tool—Simulation;113
8.5.4;4.5.4 Operational Profiling Tool—Results: RoPAX Application Case;115
8.5.5;4.5.5 Operational Profiling Tool—Results: DE Ferry Application Case;117
8.5.6;4.5.6 Operational Profiling Tool—Results: OSV Application Case;122
8.5.7;4.5.7 Operational Profiling Tool—Discussion;130
8.6;4.6 Designing a Ship Concept for a Given Task by the Use of the Intelligent GA;130
8.6.1;4.6.1 Design Tool Requirements;131
8.6.2;4.6.2 3D General Arrangement in Concept Phase of Design;132
8.6.3;4.6.3 Intelligent GA Tool;133
8.6.4;4.6.4 Internal Modules;135
8.6.5;4.6.5 Linked Modules;137
8.6.6;4.6.6 Optimisation Platform Integration;138
8.7;References;139
9;5 Systemic Approach to Ship Design;141
9.1;5.1 Ship Design Driven by Operational Scenarios;142
9.1.1;5.1.1 Operational Scenarios as a Complement to Technical Requirements;142
9.1.2;5.1.2 Technical Requirements;142
9.1.3;5.1.3 Inferring Operational Scenarios from Requirements;144
9.2;5.2 Modelling the System Architecture of the Ship;145
9.2.1;5.2.1 A Multi-level Architecture Model;145
9.2.2;5.2.2 Architecture Analysis—Circuits and Networks, Functional Chains;147
9.2.3;5.2.3 System Architecture as the Basis for Performance and RAM Analysis;148
9.3;5.3 Managing the Design Process with “Communities of Interest”;149
9.3.1;5.3.1 Ship Design: A Collaborative Design Process;149
9.3.2;5.3.2 Collaborative Software Architectures;151
9.3.3;5.3.3 Architecture of the SAR Tool;152
9.3.4;5.3.4 A Human-Centred Design Process;153
9.4;References;155
10;6 Hydrodynamic Tools in Ship Design;157
10.1;6.1 Hydrodynamic Challenges in Ship Design;158
10.1.1;6.1.1 Ship Resistance;159
10.1.2;6.1.2 Propulsion;166
10.1.3;6.1.3 Seakeeping;168
10.1.4;6.1.4 Manoeuvring;169
10.2;6.2 Different Types of Hydrodynamic Tools;171
10.2.1;6.2.1 Fundamental Considerations;172
10.2.2;6.2.2 Empirical Tools;174
10.2.3;6.2.3 Potential Flow Codes;175
10.2.4;6.2.4 Viscous Flow Codes;185
10.3;6.3 Simulation-Based Design Optimisation and Adaptive Multi-fidelity Metamodelling;196
10.3.1;6.3.1 Local Hybridisation of Deterministic Derivative-Free Global Algorithms;197
10.3.2;6.3.2 Adaptive Multi-fidelity Metamodelling;202
10.4;6.4 The HOLISHIP Integration Concept (for CFD Codes): Hydrodynamic Optimisation of a RoPAX Ferry;209
10.4.1;6.4.1 Hydrodynamics;210
10.4.2;6.4.2 Hullform;211
10.4.3;6.4.3 Organising Computations;212
10.4.4;6.4.4 Results;213
10.4.5;6.4.5 Discussion;218
10.5;6.5 Conclusions;219
10.6;References;221
11;7 Parametric Optimisation in Concept and Pre-contract Ship Design Stage;226
11.1;7.1 Introduction;227
11.2;7.2 Parametric Concept Design Optimisation;228
11.2.1;7.2.1 Optimisation Approach;229
11.2.2;7.2.2 Formulation of Early Concept Design Problem;230
11.2.3;7.2.3 Adaptation of Tools;232
11.2.4;7.2.4 Application Example;245
11.3;7.3 Parametric Ship Design and Optimisation in the Pre-contract Stage;246
11.3.1;7.3.1 Parametric Modelling of Hull Form and Watertight Subdivision;248
11.3.2;7.3.2 Assessment Tools;250
11.3.3;7.3.3 Surrogate Models;251
11.3.4;7.3.4 Formulation of a Sample Optimisation Problem;253
11.3.5;7.3.5 Results and Discussion;256
11.4;References;260
12;8 CAESES—The HOLISHIP Platform for Process Integration and Design Optimization;263
12.1;8.1 Introduction and Motivation;264
12.2;8.2 Process Integration and Design Optimization;266
12.2.1;8.2.1 Overview;266
12.2.2;8.2.2 Background;266
12.2.3;8.2.3 Overview of Intrinsic CAESES Functionality;267
12.2.4;8.2.4 Integration Approach Taken in HOLISHIP on the Basis of CAESES;268
12.2.5;8.2.5 Encapsulating Tools;270
12.3;8.3 Variable Geometry;273
12.3.1;8.3.1 Geometric Modeling;273
12.3.2;8.3.2 A RoPAX Ferry as an Example of Fully Parametric Modeling;275
12.3.3;8.3.3 An OSV as an Example of Partially Parametric Modeling;279
12.4;8.4 Data Management;281
12.4.1;8.4.1 Hierarchical Models;281
12.4.2;8.4.2 Parameters Versus Free Variables;284
12.4.3;8.4.3 Bottom-Up Approach for Integration;284
12.4.4;8.4.4 Conversion and Enrichment of Data;285
12.5;8.5 Software Connection;287
12.5.1;8.5.1 Software Connector;287
12.5.2;8.5.2 Integration of a Single Tool;289
12.5.3;8.5.3 Integration of Several Tools;289
12.5.4;8.5.4 Connection with Other Frameworks;290
12.6;8.6 Optimization;292
12.6.1;8.6.1 Overview;292
12.6.2;8.6.2 Exploration;293
12.6.3;8.6.3 Exploitation;294
12.6.4;8.6.4 Assessments;296
12.7;8.7 Direct Simulation Versus Surrogate Models;298
12.7.1;8.7.1 Idea of Surrogate Modeling;298
12.7.2;8.7.2 Typical Surrogate Models;299
12.7.3;8.7.3 Using Surrogate Models;300
12.8;8.8 Scenarios of Application;302
12.8.1;8.8.1 Manual Versus Automated Design;302
12.8.2;8.8.2 Offers via WebApps;303
12.9;8.9 Outlook;305
12.9.1;8.9.1 Meta-Projects;305
12.9.2;8.9.2 Community of Providers, Consultants and Users;305
12.10;8.10 Conclusions;306
12.11;References;307
13;9 Structural Design Optimization—Tools and Methodologies;310
13.1;9.1 Introduction;311
13.2;9.2 Trends in Optimization Methodologies;313
13.3;9.3 Optimization Tools;316
13.4;9.4 Quality Assessment of the Pareto Solutions;317
13.5;9.5 LBR-5: A Least Cost Structural Optimization Method;321
13.6;9.6 BESST Project;322
13.6.1;9.6.1 Motivation;322
13.6.2;9.6.2 Model for Study;324
13.6.3;9.6.3 Optimization Workflow Description;324
13.6.4;9.6.4 Results and Discussion;326
13.7;9.7 HOLISHIP Project;327
13.7.1;9.7.1 Presentation;327
13.7.2;9.7.2 Methodology;329
13.7.3;9.7.3 Concept Design Phase;330
13.7.4;9.7.4 Contract Design Phase;330
13.8;9.8 Efficient Tools for Ship and Offshore Structure Optimization in Collision Scenarios;332
13.8.1;9.8.1 Summary;332
13.8.2;9.8.2 Response Surface Method (RSM);333
13.8.3;9.8.3 Analytical Method;335
13.8.4;9.8.4 Future Scope for Optimization Tools;337
13.9;9.9 Conclusions;337
13.10;References;338
14;10 Design for Modularity;343
14.1;10.1 Introduction to Design for Modularity;344
14.2;10.2 Defining and Delimiting Modularity;344
14.2.1;10.2.1 A Modular or an Integral Product Architecture?;345
14.2.2;10.2.2 Related Concepts;347
14.2.3;10.2.3 Modularity Types;347
14.3;10.3 Modularity in the Design Phase;350
14.3.1;10.3.1 Supporting a Product Platform Strategy;350
14.3.2;10.3.2 Design Process Efficiency by Configuration-Based Design Based on Modularity;351
14.3.3;10.3.3 Modularity Supporting Design Exploration and Innovation;354
14.3.4;10.3.4 Modularity in Ship Design—Summarized;358
14.4;10.4 Modularization in Ship Production;358
14.4.1;10.4.1 Effects on the Ship Production Value Chain;359
14.4.2;10.4.2 Early Outfitting;359
14.5;10.5 Modularity in Operation;361
14.5.1;10.5.1 Modularity for Flexibility in Operation;362
14.5.2;10.5.2 Modularity for Easy Retrofit and Modernization;364
14.5.3;10.5.3 Design Methods for Modular Adaptation in Operation;365
14.6;10.6 Conclusions;368
14.7;References;368
15;11 Application of Reliability, Availability and Maintenance Principles and Tools for Ship Design;371
15.1;11.1 Description of RAM Objectives and Methodology;372
15.1.1;11.1.1 RAM Objectives;372
15.1.2;11.1.2 RAM Methodology;373
15.2;11.2 RAM Applications;373
15.2.1;11.2.1 Aircraft Industry;373
15.2.2;11.2.2 Railway Industry;373
15.2.3;11.2.3 Oil and Gas/Offshore Industry;374
15.2.4;11.2.4 Defence Industry;374
15.2.5;11.2.5 Energy Industry;374
15.2.6;11.2.6 Process Industry;375
15.3;11.3 Motivation for RAM Analysis in Ship Design;375
15.3.1;11.3.1 Current Situation and Trends;375
15.3.2;11.3.2 Expected Benefit of RAM at Early Ship Design Stage;376
15.3.3;11.3.3 Main Target Ship Types for RAM Analyses;377
15.4;11.4 Specificities of Ship Design from RAM Analysis Point of View;377
15.5;11.5 Main Ship Systems for RAM Analysis;379
15.6;11.6 RAM Study;380
15.6.1;11.6.1 RAM Study Process;380
15.6.2;11.6.2 Criticality Analysis;380
15.6.3;11.6.3 Reliability Data Collection;381
15.6.4;11.6.4 RAM Assumptions;381
15.6.5;11.6.5 RAM Modelling, Simulation and Calculation;381
15.6.6;11.6.6 Results Generation;382
15.7;11.7 RAM Modelling;383
15.7.1;11.7.1 Boolean Formalisms;383
15.7.2;11.7.2 States/Transitions Formalisms;384
15.7.3;11.7.3 Model-Based Models;386
15.7.4;11.7.4 Most Suitable Modelling for Ship Design;388
15.8;11.8 Main Required Functionalities of RAM Tools;388
15.8.1;11.8.1 Step-by-Step Analysis for Verification;389
15.8.2;11.8.2 Type of Calculation;389
15.8.3;11.8.3 Results;390
15.8.4;11.8.4 Sensitivities;391
15.8.5;11.8.5 Life-Cycle Cost (LCC) Calculations;391
15.9;11.9 Reliability Data for RAM Analysis;391
15.10;11.10 Conclusions;393
15.11;References;393
16;12 Life Cycle Performance Assessment (LCPA) Tools;396
16.1;12.1 Introduction;397
16.2;12.2 Methodologies for the Assessment;398
16.2.1;12.2.1 Life Cycle Costing (LCC);398
16.2.2;12.2.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA);400
16.2.3;12.2.3 LCC and LCA in the Shipping Sector;400
16.2.4;12.2.4 Cost Estimation Methods and Adoption of KPIs;401
16.3;12.3 End-of-Life Phase;403
16.3.1;12.3.1 Alternatives for End-of-Life Phase;403
16.3.2;12.3.2 KPI Inputs for End-of-Life Assessment;405
16.3.3;12.3.3 Data Required for End-of-Life Assessment;405
16.3.4;12.3.4 Energy-Economic Evaluation of End-of-Life Procedures;407
16.3.5;12.3.5 International Regulation;408
16.4;12.4 A Selection of KPIs for an Holistic Approach;409
16.5;12.5 A Methodology for an Holistic Approach;413
16.6;12.6 LCPA and KPIs Calculation;417
16.7;12.7 Consideration of Uncertainties;420
16.8;12.8 Conclusions and Comments on Application Cases;422
16.9;References;422
17;13 Modelling and Optimization of Machinery and Power System;426
17.1;13.1 Introduction;426
17.2;13.2 Definition/Composition of Machinery and Power System;427
17.3;13.3 Holistic Approach to Power System Modelling;430
17.4;13.4 Optimization and Verification of Power System Concept Design;433
17.5;13.5 Application Example;442
17.6;13.6 Conclusions;442
17.7;References;443
18;14 Advanced Ship Machinery Modeling and Simulation;445
18.1;14.1 Marine Energy Systems: Need for an Integrated Approach;446
18.2;14.2 Process Modeling and Simulation;447
18.2.1;14.2.1 Types of Problems and Application Areas;447
18.2.2;14.2.2 Generic Problem Description/Workflow;449
18.3;14.3 Mathematical Formulation of the Process Modeling Framework;451
18.3.1;14.3.1 Conservation Equations and Physical Phenomena;451
18.3.2;14.3.2 Connectivity Equations;454
18.3.3;14.3.3 Thermophysical Properties;454
18.4;14.4 Individual Component Models and Processes Library;455
18.4.1;14.4.1 Model Libraries;455
18.4.2;14.4.2 Primary Energy Converters;455
18.4.3;14.4.3 Secondary Energy Converters;456
18.4.4;14.4.4 Flow Transport Equipment;457
18.4.5;14.4.5 Heat Exchange and Phase Separation;458
18.4.6;14.4.6 Electrical System Components;458
18.4.7;14.4.7 Control and Automation;458
18.4.8;14.4.8 Power Flow;459
18.4.9;14.4.9 Mass Separation and (Bio) Chemical Reactors;459
18.5;14.5 Integration with Other Software Platforms;459
18.5.1;14.5.1 Objective;459
18.5.2;14.5.2 Building a Model with Exchange and Co-simulation Capabilities;460
18.6;14.6 Illustrative Applications;461
18.6.1;14.6.1 Hybrid-Electric Propulsion Systems;461
18.6.2;14.6.2 Desulfurization Scrubbers;464
18.6.3;14.6.3 LNG Carrier Newbuilding Configuration Alternatives;467
18.6.4;14.6.4 COSSMOS Use Under an Integration Platform for the HOLISHIP Project;470
18.7;14.7 Conclusions;473
18.8;References;474
19;15 HOLISPEC/RCE: Virtual Vessel Simulations;477
19.1;15.1 Introduction;478
19.2;15.2 Why Do We Need Coupled Simulations?;479
19.3;15.3 Simulations in Concept Design;482
19.3.1;15.3.1 Introduction;482
19.3.2;15.3.2 Data Representation and Exchange;482
19.4;15.4 Simulation in Design Verification;483
19.5;15.5 Available Tools and Frameworks;484
19.5.1;15.5.1 RCE and CPACS;484
19.5.2;15.5.2 Holispec;485
19.6;15.6 Applications and Case Studies;489
19.6.1;15.6.1 Concept Testing;489
19.6.2;15.6.2 Virtual Sea Trials;491
19.6.3;15.6.3 Coupled Simulations;491
19.6.4;15.6.4 Simulations in Concept Design: A Case Study;492
19.7;15.7 Conclusions and Way Ahead;496
19.8;References;496
20;Terminology of Some Used Important Notions;498