Papathanasiou / Ploskas / Linden Real-World Decision Support Systems

Case Studies
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-3-319-43916-7
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 37, 339 Seiten

Reihe: Integrated Series in Information Systems

This book presents real-world decision support systems, i.e., systems that have been running for some time and as such have been tested in real environments and complex situations; the cases are from various application domains and highlight the best practices in each stage of the system's life cycle, from the initial requirements analysis and design phases to the final stages of the project. Each chapter provides decision-makers with recommendations and insights into lessons learned so that failures can be avoided and successes repeated. For this reason unsuccessful cases, which at some point of their life cycle were deemed as failures for one reason or another, are also included. All decision support systems are presented in a constructive, coherent and deductive manner to enhance the learning effect. It complements the many works that focus on theoretical aspects or individual module design and development by offering 'good' and 'bad' practices when developing and using decision support systems. Combining high-quality research with real-world implementations, it is of interest to researchers and professionals in industry alike.

Jason Papathanasiou is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Business Administration, University of Macedonia, Greece. His PhD was in Operational Research and Informatics and he has worked for a number of years at various institutes. He has organized and participated in many international scientific conferences and workshops. He has published more than 100 papers in international peer referred journals, conferences and edited volumes and has participated in various research projects in FP6, FP7, Interreg and COST; he served also as a member of the TDP Panel of COST and currently serves at the coordination board of the EURO Working Group of Decision Support Systems. His research interests include Decision Support Systems, Operational Research and Multicriteria Decision Making.
Nikolaos Ploskas is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, USA. His primary research interests are in operations research, decision support systems, mathematical programming, linear programming, and parallel programming. He has participated in several international and national research projects. He is author of more than 40 publications in high-impact journals, book chapters and conferences. He has also served as reviewer in many scientific journals. He was awarded with an honorary award from HELORS (HELlenic Operations Research Society) for the best doctoral dissertation in operations research (2014).
Isabelle Linden is a Professor of Information Management at the University of Namur in Belgium, Department of Business Administration. She obtained her PhD in Computer Sciences from the University of Namur. She also holds Masters degrees in Philosophy and in Mathematics from the University of Liege, Belgium. She is member of the CoordiNam Laboratory and the FoCuS Research Group. Combining theoretical computer science and business administration, her main research domain regards information, knowledge and artificial intelligence. She explores their integration within systems as EIS, DSS and BI systems. Her works can be found in several international edited books, journals, books chapters and conferences. She serves as reviewer and program committee member in several international journals, conferences and workshops.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Papathanasiou, Jason

Ploskas, Nikolaos

Linden, Isabelle

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;7
2;Preface;9
2.1;References;11
3;Contents;12
4;Contributors;14
5;List of Reviewers;16
6;About the Editors;17
7;1 Computerized Decision Support Case Study Research: Concepts and Suggestions;19
7.1;1.1 Introduction;19
7.2;1.2 Understanding Decision Support Systems;20
7.3;1.3 Decision Support Case Studies;22
7.4;1.4 Examples of DSS Case Studies;24
7.5;1.5 How Useful Are DSS Case Studies;27
7.6;1.6 Conclusions and Recommendations;28
7.7;Note;29
7.8;References;30
8;2 ArgMed: A Support System for Medical Decision Making Based on the Analysis of Clinical Discussions;32
8.1;2.1 Introduction;32
8.2;2.2 An Iterative Approach to System Development: From Requirements Collection to Field Testing;35
8.3;2.3 Requirements and System Architecture;36
8.3.1;2.3.1 ArgMed Requirements;36
8.3.2;2.3.2 System Architecture;37
8.4;2.4 System Design and Implementation;39
8.4.1;2.4.1 Discussion Documentation;39
8.4.2;2.4.2 Discussion Interpretation;41
8.4.3;2.4.3 Discussion Analysis;45
8.4.4;2.4.4 ArgMed Implementation;46
8.5;2.5 User Interaction;46
8.5.1;2.5.1 A Clinical Discussion;46
8.5.2;2.5.2 Discussion Documentation;48
8.5.3;2.5.3 Discussion Interpretation;49
8.5.4;2.5.4 Discussion Analysis;50
8.6;2.6 ArgMed Experimentation;51
8.7;2.7 Conclusions;55
8.8;References;57
9;3 The Integration of Decision Analysis Techniques in High-Throughput Clinical Analyzers;59
9.1;3.1 Introduction;60
9.2;3.2 The Technological Issues of Immunoassay Analyzers;63
9.2.1;3.2.1 The Biochemical Point of View;63
9.2.2;3.2.2 The Engineering Point of View;64
9.3;3.3 The Operational Planning in High-Throughput Clinical Analyzers;66
9.4;3.4 OR-Driven Solutions to Operational Planning;67
9.4.1;3.4.1 The Proposed Optimization Algorithm: SPT2;67
9.5;3.5 Computational Results;72
9.6;3.6 Quantifiable Benefits;73
9.6.1;3.6.1 The Clinical Utility Gain;73
9.6.2;3.6.2 Clinical Benefits;75
9.6.3;3.6.3 Monetary Benefits;77
9.7;3.7 System Design and Development;78
9.7.1;3.7.1 Class Diagram;78
9.7.1.1;3.7.1.1 Batch;79
9.7.1.2;3.7.1.2 Job;79
9.7.1.3;3.7.1.3 Machine;79
9.7.1.4;3.7.1.4 Scheduler;79
9.7.2;3.7.2 Activity Diagram;80
9.7.3;3.7.3 User Interface;80
9.7.4;3.7.4 Classification;81
9.8;3.8 Lessons Learned;82
9.9;3.9 Conclusions;84
9.10;References;84
10;4 Decision Support Systems for Energy Production Optimization and Network Design in DistrictHeating Applications;86
10.1;4.1 Introduction;86
10.2;4.2 Business Issue n. 1: District Heating Network Design;88
10.2.1;4.2.1 Literature;88
10.2.2;4.2.2 System Requirements Analysis and System Design;89
10.2.3;4.2.3 System Development and User Interface Design;90
10.2.4;4.2.4 Optimization Module;91
10.2.5;4.2.5 System User Experience;92
10.3;4.3 Business Issue n. 2: Energy Production Management;93
10.3.1;4.3.1 Literature;94
10.3.2;4.3.2 System Requirements Analysis and System Design;94
10.3.3;4.3.3 System Development and User Interface Design;96
10.3.4;4.3.4 Optimization Module;99
10.3.5;4.3.5 System User Experience;100
10.4;4.4 Conclusions;101
10.5;References;101
11;5 Birth and Evolution of a Decision Support System in the Textile Manufacturing Field;103
11.1;5.1 Introduction;103
11.1.1;5.1.1 The Problem;104
11.1.2;5.1.2 The Need for a DSS;104
11.1.3;5.1.3 Target Group;105
11.1.4;5.1.4 Existing Procedures;105
11.1.5;5.1.5 Classification;106
11.1.6;5.1.6 Underlying Technologies;107
11.2;5.2 System Requirements Analysis;107
11.2.1;5.2.1 Requirements Gathering;108
11.2.2;5.2.2 Requirement Determination and Definition;109
11.2.3;5.2.3 Final System Proposal;109
11.3;5.3 System Design and Development;110
11.3.1;5.3.1 The Problem;111
11.3.1.1;Terminology;111
11.3.2;5.3.2 Class Diagram;114
11.3.2.1;Order;114
11.3.2.2;StockPiece;115
11.3.2.3;Map;115
11.3.2.4;FabricSheet;115
11.3.2.5;UserDefinedConstraint;116
11.3.3;5.3.3 Activity Diagram;116
11.4;5.4 User Interface;118
11.4.1;5.4.1 A Typical DSS Usage;119
11.4.1.1;Import from SAP;119
11.4.1.2;Parameters Setting;119
11.4.1.3;User-Defined Constraints;119
11.4.1.4;Check and Run;121
11.4.2;5.4.2 Results and Graphical Maps;121
11.4.2.1;Graphical Maps;121
11.4.2.2;Orders vs Sheets;122
11.4.2.3;KPIs;123
11.5;5.5 System Implementation;123
11.5.1;5.5.1 Problem Statement;124
11.5.2;5.5.2 Pattern Generation;125
11.5.3;5.5.3 ILP Model;125
11.6;5.6 System User Experience;127
11.6.1;5.6.1 Lessons Learnt;128
11.6.2;5.6.2 System Sustainability;128
11.6.3;5.6.3 System Upgrade and Maintenance Issues;130
11.7;5.7 Conclusions;131
11.8;Appendix: Mathematical Model;131
11.8.1;QDL;132
11.8.2;ILP Model;134
11.8.2.1;QDL Minimization Objective;135
11.8.2.2;Stock Piece Maximum Length Usage;135
11.8.2.3;Order Required Quantity;135
11.8.2.4;Cut-Lengths;135
11.8.2.5;Finish;135
11.8.2.6;Secondary Objective;135
11.9;References;136
12;6 A Decision Analytical Perspective on PublicProcurement Processes;138
12.1;6.1 Introduction;139
12.2;6.2 Decision Analysis for Procurement;141
12.2.1;6.2.1 Unreasonable Precision;144
12.2.2;6.2.2 Handling Value Scales Over Qualitative Estimates;146
12.2.3;6.2.3 Deficiencies in the Handling of Value Scales;147
12.3;6.3 System Requirement Analysis;149
12.4;6.4 System Design;151
12.4.1;6.4.1 Node Constraint Set;152
12.4.2;6.4.2 Comparing Alternatives;153
12.5;6.5 System Development;154
12.6;6.6 User Interface Design;155
12.7;6.7 System Implementation;156
12.8;6.8 System User Experience;158
12.9;6.9 Concluding Remarks;161
12.10;References;162
13;7 Evaluation Support System for Open Challenges on Earth Observation Topics;164
13.1;7.1 Introduction;165
13.2;7.2 Evaluation Support System (ESS) Design;169
13.3;7.3 Evaluation Support System Requirements Analysis;171
13.3.1;7.3.1 Criteria Definition;172
13.3.2;7.3.2 Normalization;174
13.3.3;7.3.3 Criteria Relative Importance with Weighting Functions;175
13.4;7.4 User Interface Design;177
13.5;7.5 Evaluation Support System Process: Hierarchical Synthetizing Process for Rating;178
13.5.1;7.5.1 Bottom-Up Hierarchical Synthetizing Process (HSP);178
13.5.2;7.5.2 Rating Process;180
13.5.2.1;7.5.2.1 Rating Layers 4 and 5 (Step 5);180
13.5.2.2;7.5.2.2 Rating Layers 1, 2 and 3 (Step 6);181
13.6;7.6 System User Experience (Experimental Cases);181
13.6.1;7.6.1 Example for Demonstrating Step-by-Step Method;182
13.6.2;7.6.2 Illustrative Case for Demonstrating Peer Comparisonof Results;184
13.7;7.7 Conclusions;185
13.8;References;186
14;8 An Optimization Based Decision Support System for Strategic Planning in Process Industries: The Case of a Pharmaceutical Company;188
14.1;8.1 Introduction;189
14.2;8.2 Literature Review and Motivation;190
14.2.1;8.2.1 Literature Review on Real-World Applications of a DSS;190
14.2.2;8.2.2 Motivation for the Development of the Proposed DSS;191
14.3;8.3 Stochastic Linear Programming (SLP): An Illustrative Model;192
14.4;8.4 Decision Support System;193
14.4.1;8.4.1 Modeling the Pharmaceutical Industry's Production Operations;193
14.4.1.1;8.4.1.1 Fundamental Elements of Process Industry Production System;194
14.4.1.2;8.4.1.2 Model Assumptions;194
14.4.1.3;8.4.1.3 Optimization Steps;195
14.4.2;8.4.2 Database Structure;196
14.4.3;8.4.3 User Interface Development Experience;197
14.4.4;8.4.4 Model and DSS Validation;200
14.5;8.5 Application of the DSS to a Pharmaceutical Company;201
14.5.1;8.5.1 The Scale and Scope of Optimization;201
14.5.2;8.5.2 The Process Flow of Tablet Production;202
14.5.3;8.5.3 Stochastic Optimization and Scenario Experiments;202
14.5.3.1;8.5.3.1 Stochastic Optimization Model;203
14.5.3.2;8.5.3.2 Variants of the Model;203
14.5.3.3;8.5.3.3 Stochastic Experiments Design;204
14.6;8.6 Results: Analysis and Discussion;205
14.7;8.7 User Experiences;206
14.7.1;8.7.1 Lessons from the End User Perspective;206
14.7.2;8.7.2 Key Characteristics of a Good Model-Based DSS;207
14.7.3;8.7.3 Challenges Addressed in Model-Based DSS;208
14.8;8.8 Conclusions;209
14.9;References;210
15;9 Decision Support in Water Resources Planning and Management: The Nile Basin Decision Support System;212
15.1;9.1 Introduction;212
15.2;9.2 Main Characteristics of the Nile Basin and the NB DSS;215
15.3;9.3 Users and System Requirements;218
15.4;9.4 System Design and Components;224
15.5;9.5 System Implementation;227
15.6;9.6 User Interface Design;229
15.7;9.7 Cases Analyzed with NB DSS;230
15.8;9.8 Experiences and Future Prospects for NB DSS;232
15.9;9.9 Conclusions;233
15.10;References;234
16;10 The AFM-ToolBox to Support Adaptive Forest Management Under Climate Change;236
16.1;10.1 Introduction;237
16.2;10.2 System Requirements Analysis;239
16.3;10.3 System Design;240
16.3.1;10.3.1 ToolBox DataBase and ToolBox Client;241
16.3.2;10.3.2 Content Management System and Knowledge Base;242
16.3.3;10.3.3 Tools;242
16.4;10.4 System Development;243
16.5;10.5 User Interface Design;245
16.6;10.6 System Implementation;248
16.7;10.7 System User Experience;249
16.8;10.8 Conclusions;251
16.9;References;252
17;11 SINGRAR—A Distributed Expert System for Emergency Management: Context and Design;255
17.1;11.1 Introduction;255
17.1.1;11.1.1 General Considerations;255
17.1.2;11.1.2 Problem Characterization;258
17.1.3;11.1.3 SINGRAR General Characteristics;263
17.2;11.2 System Requirements Analysis;265
17.2.1;11.2.1 Context of Use;266
17.2.2;11.2.2 User and Organizational Requirements;268
17.3;11.3 System Design;268
17.3.1;11.3.1 Knowledge Management;270
17.3.1.1;11.3.1.1 Knowledge Acquisition;271
17.3.1.2;11.3.1.2 Knowledge Coding;272
17.3.1.3;11.3.1.3 Knowledge Inferencing;273
17.3.1.4;11.3.1.4 Knowledge Transfer;275
17.3.2;11.3.2 Other SINGRAR Design Features;276
17.4;11.4 System Development;277
17.4.1;11.4.1 System Architecture;278
17.4.2;11.4.2 Intelligent System's Typology;280
17.4.3;11.4.3 Knowledge Domains;280
17.4.4;11.4.4 Customization;281
17.4.5;11.4.5 SINGAR Project Chronology;282
17.5;11.5 Conclusion;284
17.6;References;284
18;12 SINGRAR—A Distributed Expert System for Emergency Management: Implementation and Validation;287
18.1;12.1 Introduction;287
18.2;12.2 User Interface Design;288
18.3;12.3 System Implementation;293
18.3.1;12.3.1 Repair Priorities Inference Model;294
18.3.2;12.3.2 Resource Assignment Inference Model;296
18.3.3;12.3.3 Forward and Backward Chaining in the Inference Process;305
18.4;12.4 System Usability;307
18.4.1;12.4.1 SINGRAR Usability Analysis Using SUMI Method;309
18.4.2;12.4.2 Dynamic Analysis of the Application;310
18.4.3;12.4.3 Analysis of Interfaces and User Interaction;310
18.5;12.5 Conclusions;312
18.6;References;313
19;13 Crop Protection Online—Weeds: A Case Study for Agricultural Decision Support Systems;315
19.1;13.1 Introduction;316
19.2;13.2 System Requirements Analysis;318
19.3;13.3 System Design and Problem Solving Technic;319
19.4;13.4 User Interface Design;325
19.5;13.5 System Implementation;327
19.6;13.6 System User Experience;327
19.7;13.7 Conclusions;330
19.8;References;331
20;Index;333