Patel / Vashi Characterization and Treatment of Textile Wastewater

1. Auflage 2015
ISBN: 978-0-12-802565-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 174 Seiten

Characterization and Treatment of Textile Wastewater covers fundamental knowledge of characterization of textile wastewater and adsorbents; naturally prepared adsorption and coagulation process for removal of COD, BOD and color. This book is intended for everyone actively working on the environment, especially for researchers in textile wastewater, as the problem of disposal of textile influent is worldwide. Potential technical environmental persons like engineers, project managers, consultants, and water analysts will find this book immediately useful for fine-tuning performance and reliability. This book will also be of interest to individuals who want effective knowledge of wastewater, adsorption and coagulation. - Includes definitions of pollutions, sources of wastewater in textile wastewater, various treatment methods, remedial measures and effect of waste - Examines research carried out and in progress worldwide by different researchers - Covers sampling procedures and determination of various parameters of textile wastewater

Dr. Himanshu Patel has published research articles in 15 international journals including Wiley, Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, etc. and a book. He is working as Volunteer Editor in the 'E-International Scientific Research Journal Consortium (E-ISRJC) since December, 2011 and as Member of Scientific Committee and Editorial Review Board on Medical and Biological Sciences in 'World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology" since November, 2010."

Autoren/Hrsg.

Patel, Himanshu

Vashi, R. T.

Leseproben

Chapter 2

Characterization of Textile Wastewater

Abstract

In this chapter, the collection, preservation, analysis method, and report of physicochemical and microbiological parameters of textile wastewater are mentioned. Principle, apparatus, interface, limitations, pretreatment, and procedure in short and detailed forms of 22 parameters are summarized. Water quality parameters are divided mainly into two parts: (i) titrimetric method [pollution-indicating parameters like chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), color, total hardness, magnesium hardness, and calcium hardness] and (ii) instrumentation parameters (pH, color, metals, etc.). The analysis report of 22 parameters for combined textile wastewater before treatment, collected from July 2009 to July 2010 bimonthly at GIDC Pandesara, Surat, Gujarat, is included. These parameters are compared with permissible limits of parameters for textile wastewater given by various firms including Central Pollution Control Board and US Environmental Protection Agency, which shows that COD and BOD values are 5 and 10 times, respectively, higher than limits. Characteristics of textile wastewater that were investigated and analyzed by different scientists are well fitted with one another. It shows that textile wastewater is highly polluted and treatment is necessary prior to discharge of it in environment.

Keywords

Combined wastewater

Collection

Preservation

Titrimetric and instrumental method

Characterization

Contents

2.1 Methods   25

2.2 Collection and preservation of samples   25

2.2.1 Color   27

Principle   27

Procedure   28

Apparatuses   28

Actual process   28

2.2.2 pH   28

Principle   29

Apparatuses   29

Reagents   29

Actual process   30

2.2.3 Electrical conductivity   30

Principle   30

Instrument   31

Apparatus   31

Reagent   31

Actual process   31

2.2.4 Chemical oxygen demand   32

Interference and limitations   32

Pretreatment   32

Principle   33

Apparatuses   33

Reagents   34

Actual process   34

Calculation   34

2.2.5 Biochemical oxygen demand   35

Pretreatment   35

Principle   35

Apparatuses   36

Reagents   36

Actual process   36

Preparation of dilution water   37

Dilution technique   37

DO measurement   37

Principle   38

Reagents   38

Actual process   39

Calculation   39

Calculation for BOD5   40

2.2.6 Hardness   40

Principle   41

Total hardness   41

Calcium hardness   42

Magnesium hardness   43

2.2.7 Oil and grease   43

Principle   43

Actual process   44

Calculation   44

2.2.8 Chloride   44

Principle   45

Reagents   46

Actual process   46

Calculation   46

2.2.9 Phenol   46

Principle   47

Pretreatment   47

Interferences and limitations   47

Apparatuses and equipment   48

Reagents and standards   48

Actual process   49

Calculations   49

2.2.10 Total dissolved solids   50

Apparatuses   50

Actual process   50

Calculation   51

2.2.11 Total alkalinity   51

Principle   51

Apparatuses   52

Reagents   52

Actual process   52

Calculation   52

2.2.12 Fluoride   53

Principle   53

Reagents   54

Actual process   55

2.2.13 Sulfate   55

Principle   55

Interference   56

Reagents   56

Actual process   56

Calculation   56

2.2.14 Phosphate   57

Interferences and limitations   57

Principle   57

Apparatuses   57

Reagents   58

Actual process   58

Polyphosphate   59

2.2.15 Silica   59

Precautions   59

Principle   60

Reagents   60

Actual process   60

2.2.16 Sodium   61

Principle   61

Pretreatment   61

Reagents   61

Actual process   62

2.2.17 Heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Mn, and Cd)   62

Principle   63

Pretreatment   63

Reagents   64

Actual process   64

2.3 Characterization   66

2.3.1 Results   66

2.3.2 Discussion   67

References   70

List of Tables

Table 2.1 Characteristics of Six Samples of Combined Wastewater of the Dyeing Mill Under Investigation

Table 2.2 Permissible Limits of Parameters for Textile Wastewater Given by Various Firms

Table 2.3 Characteristics of Effluents in M/s. Sivasakthi Textile Processors, Tirupur

Table 2.4 Physicochemical Characteristics of Composite Wastewater of Small-Scale Textile Industry

Table...