Paterson / Wong Experimental Rock Deformation - The Brittle Field

The Brittle Field
2. Auflage 2005
ISBN: 978-3-540-26339-5
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 348 Seiten

This monograph deals with the part of the field of experimental rock deformation that is dominated by the phenomena of brittle fracture on one scale or another. Thus a distinction has been drawn between the fields of brittle and ductile behaviour in rock, corresponding more or less to a distinction between the phenomena of fracture and flow. The last chapter deals with the transition between the two fields. In this new edition an attempt has been made to take into account new developments of the last two and a half decades. To assist in this project, the original author greatly appre- ates being joined by the second author. The scope of the monograph is limited to the mechanical properties of rock viewed as a material on the laboratory scale. Thus, the topic and approach is of a 'materials science' kind rather than of a 'structures' kind. We are dealing with only one part of the wider field of rock mechanics, a field which also includes structural or boundary value problems, for example, those of the stability of slopes, the collapse of mine openings, earthquakes, the folding of stratified rock, and the convective motion of the Earth's mantle. One topic thus excluded is the role of jointing, which it is commonly necessary to take into account in applications in engineering and mining, and pr- ably often in geology too. Shock phenomena have also not been covered.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Paterson, M.S.

Wong, Teng-fong

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;7
3;Introduction;11
4;Experimental Procedures;14
4.1;The Triaxial Test;14
4.2;Other Types of Tests;24
5;Experimental Studies on the Brittle Fracture Stress;26
5.1;Introduction;26
5.2;Types of Fractures;27
5.3;Observed Stresses at Brittle Failure;30
5.4;Influence of Strain Rate, Temperature, and Time;36
5.5;Size and Shape Effects;39
5.6;Influence of Intermediate Principal Stress;44
5.7;Anisotropy;47
6;Griffith Theory of Brittle Failure;54
6.1;Introduction;54
6.2;Uniaxial Tension;55
6.3;Uniaxial Compression and Biaxial Stresses;58
6.4;Triaxial Stresses;60
6.5;Modified Griffith Theory (Closed Cracks);62
6.6;Extension of the Griffith Approach to Other Modes of Localized Inelastic Failure;64
6.7;General Comment on Griffith-Type Theories;65
7;Evolution of Physical Properties during Brittle Failure;67
7.1;Introduction;67
7.2;Pre-peak and Post-peak Behaviour;68
7.3;Volume Changes;76
7.4;Elastic Wave Speeds and Attenuation;84
7.5;Transport Properties;96
7.6;Acoustic Emission;101
7.7;Microscopical Observations;107
7.8;A Synoptic View of Brittle Failure;119
8;Micromechanics of Brittle Fracture;123
8.1;Introduction;123
8.2;Micromechanical Theory for Compact Rock;124
8.3;Micromechanical Theory for Porous Rock;142
8.4;Localization Theory;145
9;The Role of Pore Fluids;154
9.1;Introduction;154
9.2;The Notion of Effective Stress;155
9.3;Elastic Properties of Porous Media;156
9.4;Brittle Failure – Experimental;162
9.5;Brittle Failure – Theory of Pore Pressure Effects;168
10;Friction and Sliding Phenomena;171
10.1;Introduction;171
10.2;Coefficient of Friction;172
10.3;Phenomenology of Frictional Behaviour;179
10.4;Physical Aspects of Rock Friction;204
11;Brittle-Ductile Transition;216
11.1;Introduction;216
11.2;Experimental Observations;217
11.3;Physical Basis of the Brittle-Ductile Transition;227
11.4;Ductile to Brittle Transitions;238
12;Fracture Mechanics;243
12.1;Stress Intensity Analysis;243
12.2;Critical Parameters for Failure;246
12.3;Dynamic and Kinetic Effects;248
13;Plasticity Theory and Localization Analysis;251
13.1;Introduction;251
13.2;Constitutive Relations for a Material without Pressure Dependence or Dilatancy;252
13.3;Constitutive Model for Dilatant, Pressure-Sensitive Materials;254
13.4;Bifurcation, Instability and Shear Localization;258
14;Constitutive Relations for Friction;261
14.1;Introduction;261
14.2;Friction Law;262
14.3;Evolution Law;263
14.4;Time-Dependent Evolution during Stationery Contact;265
14.5;Analysis of Frictional Stability – Stick-Slip;266
14.6;Influence of Normal Stress and Temperature;267
15;References;270
16;Index;337