Paul Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry

3. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-0-08-047514-1
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 552 Seiten

Now in its third edition, this classic textbook includes basic concepts and applications in agriculture, forestry, environmental science, and a new section entirely devoted to ecology. This revised and updated edition guides students through biochemical and microbial processes in soils and introduces them to microbial processes in water and sediments. Soil Microbiology, Ecology, and Biochemistry serves as an invaluable resource for students in biogeochemistry, soil microbiology, soil ecology, sustainable agriculture, and environmental amelioration.NEW TO THIS EDITION:* New section on Ecology integrated with biochemistry and microbiology* Sections on exciting new methodology such as tracers, molecular analysis and computers that will allow great advances in this field* Six new chapters: bioremediation, soil molecular biology, biodiversity, global climate change, basic physiology and ecological interpretations * Expanded with contributions from leading soil microbiologists and agronomists on both fundamental and applied aspects of the science* Full-color figures* Includes a website with figures for classroom presentation use

Autoren/Hrsg.

Paul, Eldor

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Environmental Soil Chemistry;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Preface;14
6;Chapter 1. Environmental Soil Chemistry: An Overview;16
6.1;Evolution of Soil Chemistry;17
6.2;The Modern Environmental Movement;18
6.3;Contaminants in Water and Soils;19
6.4;Case Study of Pollution of Soils and Waters;34
6.5;Soil Decontamination;38
6.6;Molecular Environmental Soil Chemistry;43
6.7;Suggested Reading;56
7;Chapter 2. Inorganic Soil Components;58
7.1;Introduction;58
7.2;Pauling’s Rules;59
7.3;Primary Soil Minerals;65
7.4;Secondary Soil Minerals;66
7.5;Specific Surface of Soil Minerals;77
7.6;Surface Charge of Soil Minerals;79
7.7;Identification of Minerals by X-Ray Diffraction Analyses;83
7.8;Use of Clay Minerals to Retain Organic Contaminants;86
7.9;Suggested Reading;87
8;Chapter 3. Chemistry of Soil Organic Matter;90
8.1;Introduction;90
8.2;Effect of Soil Formation Factors on SOM Contents;92
8.3;Carbon Cycling and Sequestration;94
8.4;Composition of SOM;97
8.5;Fractionation of SOM;103
8.6;Molecular and Macromolecular Structure of SOM;106
8.7;Functional Groups and Charge Characteristics;113
8.8;Humic Substance–Metal Interactions;116
8.9;SOM–Clay Complexes;124
8.10;Retention of Pesticides and Other Organic Substances by Humic Substances;126
8.11;Suggested Reading;127
9;Chapter 4. Soil Solution–Solid Phase Equilibria;130
9.1;Introduction;130
9.2;Measurement of the Soil Solution;131
9.3;Speciation of the Soil Solution;133
9.4;Ion Activity and Activity Coefficients;139
9.5;Dissolution and Solubility Processes;142
9.6;Suggested Reading;147
10;Chapter 5. Sorption Phenomena on Soils;148
10.1;Introduction and Terminology;148
10.2;Surface Functional Groups;156
10.3;Surface Complexes;157
10.4;Adsorption Isotherms;162
10.5;Equilibrium-based Adsorption Models;165
10.6;Sorption of Metal Cations;187
10.7;Sorption of Anions;189
10.8;Surface Precipitation;192
10.9;Speciation of Metal-Contaminated Soils;196
10.10;Points of Zero Charge;198
10.11;Suggested Reading;200
11;Chlapter 6. Ion Exchange Processes;202
11.1;Introduction;202
11.2;Characteristics of Ion Exchange;203
11.3;Cation Exchange Equilibrium Constants and Selectivity Coefficients;205
11.4;Thermodynamics of Ion Exchange;207
11.5;Relationship Between Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Ion Exchange;218
11.6;Suggested Reading;219
12;Chapter 7. Kinetics of Soil Chemical Processes;222
12.1;Rate-Limiting Steps and Time Scales of Soil Chemical Reactions;222
12.2;Rate Laws;225
12.3;Determination of Reaction Order and Rate Constants;226
12.4;Kinetic Models;229
12.5;Multiple Site Models;233
12.6;Kinetic Methodologies;237
12.7;Effect of Temperature on Reaction Rates;242
12.8;Kinetics of Important Soil Chemical Processes;243
12.9;Suggested Reading;259
13;Chapter 8. Redox Chemistry of Soils;260
13.1;Oxidation–Reduction Reactions and Potentials;260
13.2;Eh vs pH and pe vs pH Diagrams;264
13.3;Measurement and Use of Redox Potentials;268
13.4;Submerged Soils;269
13.5;Redox Reactions Involving Inorganic and Organic Pollutants;270
13.6;Suggested Reading;279
14;Chapter 9. The Chemistry of Soil Acidity;282
14.1;Introduction;282
14.2;Historical Perspective of Soil Acidity;285
14.3;Solution Chemistry of Aluminum;286
14.4;Exchangeable and Nonexchangeable Aluminum;289
14.5;Soil Acidity;292
14.6;Liming Soils;296
14.7;Suggested Reading;297
15;Chapter 10. The Chemistry of Saline and Sodic Soils;300
15.1;Introduction;300
15.2;Causes of Soil Salinity;302
15.3;Sources of Soluble Salts;303
15.4;Important Salinity and Sodicity Parameters;303
15.5;Classification and Reclamation of Saline and Sodic Soils;309
15.6;Effects of Soil Salinity and Sodicity on Soil Structural Properties;310
15.7;Effects of Soil Salinity on Plant Growth;311
15.8;Effects of Sodicity and Salinity on Environmental Quality;313
15.9;Suggested Reading;314
16;Appendix A: Periodic Table of the Elements;316
17;References;318
18;Index;360