Perrin Control, Computers, Communications in Transportation

Selected Papers from the IFAC/IFIP/IFORS Symposium, Paris, France, 19-21 September 1989
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-9901-3
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 293 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: IFAC Symposia Series

This volume investigates developments and future trends in transportation research and what effects they will have on society. The coverage is broad; including road (urban and motorway), rail and air-traffic control. The sections deal with safety aspects, modelling and simulation, the use of sensors and image processing. The final section covers the development and implementation of new route guidance systems. This up-to-date information will be of use to transport engineers, urban planners, operations research and systems scientists.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Perrin, J. -P.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Control, Computers, Communications in Transportation;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;10
5;PART I: COMMUNICATIONS - DATA PROCESSING;14
5.1;Chapter 1. Communications with Aircraft for the Civil Air Traffic Control;14
5.1.1;INTRODUCTION;14
5.1.2;THE PRESENT DAY AIR/GROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM;14
5.1.3;THE FORSEEN EVOLUTION;14
5.1.4;THE SSR MODE-S SYSTEM;14
5.1.5;THE AERONAUTICAL MOBILE SATELLITE SYSTEM;15
5.1.6;SATELLITE VERSUS MODE-S;17
5.1.7;THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE AERONAUTICAL MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORK;17
5.1.8;STATE OF THE STANDARDISATION PROCESS;17
5.1.9;ATS COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE AMTN;17
5.1.10;STUDIES, EXPERIMENTS AND PLANS OF THE FRENCH DIRECTION DE LA NAVIGATION AERIENNE;20
5.1.11;CONCLUSION;20
5.1.12;REFERENCES;20
5.2;Chapter 2. Slotted Wave Guide for Automatic Command and Control of Trains;22
5.2.1;INTRODUCTION;22
5.2.2;THEORETICAL APPROACH;22
5.2.3;FUNDAMENTAL SYSTEM;24
5.2.4;POWER AND WEATHER CONSIDERATIONS;25
5.2.5;PRESENT REALIZATION;25
5.2.6;CONCLUSION;25
5.2.7;AKNOWLEDGEMENT;26
5.2.8;BIBLIOGRAPHY;26
5.3;Chapter 3. Test and Development Bench for an In-borne Computing Architecture;28
5.3.1;1. What lies behind the computing architecture option;28
5.3.2;2. How best to implement and validate this architecture;29
5.3.3;3. Test bed for computing architecture;30
5.4;Chapter 4. Discrete Minimal Radio Zone Communication System in RACS Project and its Performance Evaluation;32
5.4.1;RACS PROJECT;32
5.4.2;INDIVIDUAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM;32
5.4.3;COMMUNICATION SYSTEM WITH DISCRETE MINIMAL RADIO ZONES;33
5.4.4;CONCLUDING REMARKS;39
5.4.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;39
5.4.6;REFERENCES;39
6;PART II: IMAGE PROCESSING;40
6.1;New Sensors;40
6.2;Chapter 5. Road Traffic Monitoring Using Image Processing — A Survey of Systems, Techniques and Applications;40
6.2.1;INTRODUCTION;40
6.2.2;DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING AND COMPUTER VISION;40
6.2.3;REVIEW OF IMAGE PROCESSING SYSTEMS;41
6.2.4;CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING SYSTEMS;42
6.2.5;THE TRIP II SYSTEM;44
6.2.6;CURRENT RESEARCH;44
6.2.7;FUTURE POSSIBILITIES;44
6.2.8;CONCLUSIONS;45
6.2.9;REFERENCES;45
6.3;Chapter 6. TITAN: New Traffic Measurements by Image Processing;48
6.3.1;INTRODUCTION;48
6.3.2;TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF THE SENSOR;48
6.3.3;SCENE CHARACTERISTICS;49
6.3.4;SENSOR ALGORITHMS;49
6.3.5;GLOBAL PROCESS;54
6.3.6;CONCLUSION;55
6.3.7;REFERENCES;55
6.4;Systems Using New Sensor;56
6.5;Chapter 7. Interpretation of Traffic Scenes by Evaluation of Optical Flow Fields from Image Sequences;56
6.5.1;INTRODUCTION;56
6.5.2;OPTICAL FLOW FIELDS;57
6.5.3;SURVEILLANCE OF SCENES;57
6.5.4;OBSTACLE DETECTION;58
6.5.5;CONCLUSION;60
6.5.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;60
6.5.7;REFERENCES;60
6.6;Chapter 8. 3-D Motion from Line Image Sequences for Intrusion Detection on L.R.T. Tracks;64
6.6.1;I INTRODUCTION;64
6.6.2;II DEFINITION OF A SURVEILLANCE PLANE;65
6.6.3;Ill RECOVERING 2-D MOTION;66
6.6.4;IV RECOVERING 3-D MOTION;67
6.6.5;V PERFORMANCE EVALUATION;68
6.6.6;VI CONCLUSION;69
6.6.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;69
6.6.8;REFERENCES;69
6.7;Chapter 9. Computer Vision as a Traffic Surveillance Tool;70
6.7.1;INTRODUCTION;70
6.7.2;TRANSFORMING THE IMAGE;71
6.7.3;ANALYSING THE SCENE;71
6.7.4;THE COMPUTER SYSTEM;72
6.7.5;INITIAL RESULTS;73
6.7.6;CELL CLASSIFICATION ERRORS;73
6.7.7;CONCLUDING REMARKS;74
6.7.8;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;74
6.7.9;REFERENCES;74
6.8;Chapter 10. The Dilemma Phenomenon and its Detection and Measurement Using a New Type of Optoelectronic Sensor;78
6.8.1;INTRODUCTION;78
6.8.2;MEASUREMENT METHOD;78
6.8.3;ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTER HARDWARE;79
6.8.4;SOFTWARE;80
6.8.5;CONCLUSION;82
6.8.6;REFERENCES;82
7;PART III: SAFETY - SAFETY INFORMATION PROCESSING;84
7.1;Chapter 11. Automatic Split and Combine System of the Shinkansen Train;84
7.1.1;INTRODUCTION;84
7.1.2;METHOD OF AUTOMATIC-COUPLING TWO TRAINS;84
7.1.3;ACCURATE TRAIN SPEED DETECTION;85
7.1.4;DETECTION OF DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO TRAINS;86
7.1.5;GENERATION OF BACKUP BRAKING PATTERN;86
7.1.6;MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE;86
7.1.7;TRAIN AUTOMATIC STOPPING AND COUPLING CONTROL;86
7.1.8;CONCLUSIONS;87
7.1.9;REFERENCE;87
7.2;Chapter 12. Vital Coded Microprocessor Principles and Application for Various Transit Systems;92
7.2.1;1. PRINCIPLES OF PROBABILISTIC SAFE DESIGN;92
7.2.2;2. CONSTRUCTION OF THE CODED PROCESSOR;93
7.2.3;3. ARCHITECTURE OF THE VITAL CODED PROCESSOR;95
7.2.4;4. SOFTWARE ERRORS AUTOMATIC DETECTION;97
7.2.5;5. CONCLUSION;97
7.3;Chapter 13. Controller Performances for Short-headways Transportation Systems;98
7.3.1;INTRODUCTION;98
7.3.2;REAL TIME CONTROLLERS CONCEPTS SOME BASIC;98
7.3.3;DYNAMIC FAILURES AND HARD DEADLINES;99
7.3.4;PERFORMANCE MEASURE FOR REAL TIME CONTROLLERS;100
7.3.5;APPLICATION;101
7.3.6;CONCLUSION;101
7.3.7;REFERENCES;102
7.4;Chapter 14. Results of a Safety Software Validation: SACEM;104
7.4.1;Introduction;105
7.4.2;Targets;105
7.4.3;General Principles;106
7.4.4;Wayside Equipement;106
7.4.5;Carborne Equipment;106
7.4.6;Safety Concepts;107
7.4.7;Validation Process Performed by RA..;107
7.4.8;Validation Process Performed by the Contractors;107
7.4.9;Validation Results;108
7.4.10;Conclusion;111
7.5;Chapter 15. Approval Procedure for Automatic Equipment of Unmanned Metro System;112
7.5.1;INTRODUCTION;113
7.5.2;PRACTICAL PROCEDURES;113
7.5.3;ROLE OF INRETS;113
7.5.4;Conclusion;115
8;Part IV: ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION;116
8.1;Chapter 16. Safety Licensing;116
9;PART IV: TRANSPORT OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT;118
9.1;Chapter 17. Empty Freight Railcar Assignment by Expert System;118
9.1.1;INTRODUCTION;118
9.1.2;MODELING OF THE REASONING PROCESSES AND EXPERT SYSTEM;119
9.1.3;KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT;120
9.1.4;SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE;120
9.1.5;THE INTERFACES;121
9.1.6;CONCLUSION;122
9.1.7;Acknowledgments;122
9.1.8;REFERENCES;122
9.2;Chapter 18. Decomposition Method for Generation of Optimal Timetables for Urban Bus Network;124
9.2.1;INTRODUCTION;124
9.2.2;TIMETABLE PREPARATION IN THE BUS PLANNING PROCESS;124
9.2.3;PRIOR WORK;125
9.2.4;PROBLEM DEFINITION;126
9.2.5;SOLUTION METHOD;127
9.2.6;OPTIMIZATION OF THE TIMETABLE;127
9.2.7;CONCLUSIONS;128
9.2.8;REFERENCES;128
9.3;Chapter 19. RETIS: An Interactive Graphic Tool for Computer Assisted Network Design;130
9.3.1;1 - RETIS'S GENERAL MODE OF OPERATION;131
9.3.2;2 - VARIANTS AND NETWORK STATES : GRAPH ELEMENT MANAGEMENT;132
9.3.3;3 - INTERACTIVE CALCULATIONS;135
9.3.4;4. ENRICHING THE POLES;137
10;PART V: RAILWAYS;138
10.1;Railways Traffic Control;138
10.2;Chapter 20. Traffic Modelling and Control for Metro Circle Lines;138
10.2.1;Introduction;138
10.2.2;2. Traffic modelling;139
10.2.3;3. Nominal steady state traffic;139
10.2.4;4. Traffic description and control with respect to a nominal schedule;140
10.2.5;5. Traffic description and control without reference to a nominal schedule.;142
10.2.6;6. Simulation results;143
10.2.7;Conclusions;143
10.2.8;References;144
10.3;Chapter 21. AGD: An Intelligent Remote Station for Signalling Box and Traffic Remote Control;146
10.3.1;INTRODUCTION;146
10.3.2;DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM.;147
10.3.3;DESCRIPTION OF THE EQUIPMENT AGD;147
10.3.4;AGD A REMOTE TELEMETRY UNIT.;149
10.3.5;AGD - HARDWARE DESCRIPTION;149
10.3.6;RELIABILITY AND AVAILABILITY.;150
10.3.7;CONCLUSIONS.;150
10.4;Chapter 22. Discrete-event Simulation and Control Strategies for Underground Railways;154
10.4.1;INTRODUCTION;154
10.4.2;THE MODEL AND THE SIMULATOR STRUCTURE;154
10.4.3;VARIABLES OF THE MODEL;155
10.4.4;CONTROL STRATEGIES;157
10.4.5;CONCLUSIONS;158
10.4.6;REFERENCES;158
10.5;Chapter 23. ESTRAC-III: An Expert System for Train Traffic Control in Disturbed Si tuat ions;160
10.5.1;INTRODUCTION;160
10.5.2;RESCHEDULING;161
10.5.3;ESTRAC;162
10.5.4;ESTRAC-III;162
10.5.5;AN OPERATION EXAMPLE;164
10.5.6;CONCLUSION;166
10.5.7;REFERENCES;166
10.6;Railways Modeling and Simulation;168
10.7;Chapter 24. Train Simulator;168
10.7.1;INTRODUCTION;168
10.7.2;MODELLING;168
10.7.3;SIMULATION;170
10.7.4;SIMULATION AND SUPERVISION ALGORITHMS IMPLEMENTATION;172
10.7.5;TRIAL RESULTS;173
10.7.6;CONCLUSIONS;173
10.7.7;REFERENCES;174
10.7.8;APPENDICES;174
10.8;Chapter 25. TRAFIC: A Tool for Railway Regulation;176
10.8.1;EXISTING SOLUTONS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS;176
10.8.2;DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES OF OTHER REGULATON;177
10.8.3;FORMALIZATON OF TRAIN MOVEMENTS;177
10.8.4;A FLEXIBLE TOOL FOR RAILWAY REGULATON;178
10.8.5;TRAFIC DEMONSTRATON VERSION;178
10.8.6;CONCLUSION;179
10.8.7;REFERENCES;179
10.9;Fully Automatic Systems;180
10.10;Chapter 26. Operation and Evolution of the VAL in Lille;180
10.10.1;INTRODUCTION;180
10.10.2;1. A SUMMARY OF FIVE YEARS OF OPERATION;181
10.10.3;2. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT IN 1988 AND CONSEQUENCES ON SYSTEM OPERATION;182
10.10.4;CONCLUSION;184
10.10.5;Reference;184
11;PART VI: TRAFFIC MODELING AND CONTROL;190
11.1;Chapter 27. Traffic Congestion Control;190
11.1.1;INTRODUCTION;190
11.1.2;DEFINITIONS;190
11.1.3;FREEWAY CONTROL;191
11.1.4;CRITICAL INTERSECTION CONTROL;191
11.1.5;NETWORK CONTROL;192
11.1.6;SOME PROSPECT;194
11.1.7;CONCLUSION;194
11.1.8;REFERENCES;194
11.2;Chapter 28. A Measurement and Data Processing System for Car-following Behavior Analysis;196
11.2.1;INTRODUCTION;196
11.2.2;DATA - GATHERING CARS AND EXPERIMENT METHOD;196
11.2.3;SMOOTHING;197
11.2.4;VALIDITY TEST;198
11.2.5;CONCLUSION;199
11.2.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;199
11.2.7;REFERENCES;199
11.3;Chapter 29. On Line Estimation of Turning Movements and Saturation Flows in PRODYN;204
11.3.1;INTRODUCTION;204
11.3.2;SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS;204
11.3.3;TURNING MOVEMENT RATOS ESTIMATON;205
11.3.4;S..URATION FLOW RATES ESTIMATON;207
11.3.5;CONCLUSION;209
11.3.6;REFERENCES;209
11.3.7;ACKNOLEDGMENT;209
11.3.8;APPENDICES;209
12;PART VII: MOTORWAY TRAFFIC CONTROL;212
12.1;Chapter 30. Control Strategies for Increasing Motorway Capacity;212
12.1.1;1. INTRODUCTION;212
12.1.2;2. THE RELIABILITY OF MOTORWAY TRANSPORT SYSTEM;213
12.1.3;3. A MODEL OF MOTORWAY CARRIAGEWAYS TRAVELLED BY HABITUAL DRIVERS;214
12.1.4;4. THE INFLUENCE OF SPEED LIMITS ON DRIVERS' BEHAVIOUR;215
12.1.5;4. CONCLUSIONS;217
12.1.6;REFERENCES;217
12.2;Chapter 31. Modelling and Real-time Control of Traffic Flow on the Boulevard Peripherique in Paris;218
12.2.1;INTRODUCTION;218
12.2.2;DESCRIPTION OF THE SOUTHERN PART OF BOULEVARD PERIPHERIQUE;218
12.2.3;RAMP METERING STRATEGIES;220
12.2.4;SIMULATION TESTS;222
12.2.5;CONCLUSIONS;223
12.2.6;REFERENCES;223
12.2.7;APPENDIX;224
12.3;Chapter 32. On Control Strategies for Urban Traffic Corridors;226
12.3.1;INTRODUCTION;226
12.3.2;SIMULATION MODELS;227
12.3.3;OPTIMAL CONTROL PROBLEM;229
12.3.4;OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE;230
12.3.5;RESULTS;230
12.3.6;CONCLUSIONS;232
12.3.7;REFERENCES;232
12.4;Chapter 33. Application of Stochastic Control Concepts to a Freeway Traffic Control Problem;234
12.4.1;INTRODUCTION;234
12.4.2;THE FREEWAY TRAFFIC MODEL;234
12.4.3;THE FILTER;236
12.4.4;THE CONTROL POLICY;237
12.4.5;CONCLUSIONS;240
12.4.6;REFERENCES;240
12.5;Chapter 34. A Formulation of On-ramp Traffic Control System with Route Guidance for Urban Expressway;242
12.5.1;INTRODUCTION;242
12.5.2;CURRENT ON-RAMP CONTROL TECHNIQUES;243
12.5.3;EXTENSION OF LP CONTROL FORMULATION;244
12.5.4;SOLUTION PROCEDURES;247
12.5.5;NUMERICAL EXAMPLE;248
12.5.6;CONCLUDING REMARKS;248
12.5.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;249
12.5.8;REFERENCES;249
13;PART VIII: REAL TIME URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL;250
13.1;Chapter 35. Scoot Urban Traffic Control System — Philosophy and Evaluation;250
13.1.1;INTRODUCTION;250
13.1.2;DESCRIPTION OF SCOOT;250
13.1.3;FIELD TRIALS;250
13.1.4;RESULTS;251
13.1.5;FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS;252
13.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;252
13.1.7;REFERENCES;252
13.2;Chapter 36. OPAC: Strategy for Demand-responsive Decentralized Traffic Signal Control;254
13.2.1;INTRODUCTION;254
13.2.2;PRESCRIPTION FOR STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT;254
13.2.3;DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING OPTIMIZATION;255
13.2.4;ROLLING HORIZON OPTIMIZATION;255
13.2.5;CONCLUSIONS;256
13.2.6;REFERENCES;256
13.3;Chapter 37. UTOPIA;258
13.3.1;INTRODUCTION;258
13.3.2;BASIC UTOPIA'S CONCEPTS;258
13.3.3;THE FIRST REALIZATION: THE 'PROGETTO TORINO' CONTROL SYSTEM;259
13.3.4;FIELD TESTS AND RESULTS;260
13.3.5;REFERENCES;261
13.4;Chapter 38. PRODYN;266
13.4.1;INTRODUCTION;266
13.4.2;CONTROL STRATEGY;266
13.4.3;ZELT IMPLEMENTATON;267
13.4.4;ASSESSMENT;268
13.4.5;CONCLUSION;268
13.4.6;REFERENCES;268
14;PART IX: ROUTE GUIDANCE;270
14.1;Chapter 39. Integrated System of Navigation and Communication in Japan;270
14.1.1;GENERAL BACKGROUND OF TRAFFIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS;270
14.1.2;RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND RESULTS IN RACS PROJECT;272
14.1.3;INTEGRATED EXPERIMENT;274
14.1.4;FUTURE EXTENSION OF RACS PROJECT;274
14.1.5;DEVELOPMENT OF DYNAMIC ROUTE GUIDANCE SYSTEM - A JAPANESE WAY OF APPROACH?;275
14.1.6;REFERENCES;277
14.2;Chapter 40. LISB— An Individual Route Guidance and Information System in Berlin;278
14.2.1;INTRODUCTIONAL REMARKS;278
14.2.2;SHORT SYSTEM DESRIPTION;278
14.2.3;ASPECTS OF THE FIELD TRIAL IN BERLIN;279
14.2.4;THE EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION IN THE LISB EXPERIMENT;279
14.2.5;GUIDANCE STRATEGY;280
14.2.6;FURTHER POTENTIAL OF THE ALI-SCOUT SYSTEM;281
14.2.7;REFERENCES;281
14.3;Chapter 41. AUTOGUIDE — Electronic Route Guidance in the UK;282
14.3.1;INTRODUCTION;282
14.3.2;BACKGROUND;283
14.3.3;USING AUTOGUIDE;283
14.3.4;SYSTEM DESIGN;284
14.3.5;THE LONDON DEMONSTRATION SYSTEM;286
14.3.6;INTERNATIONAL CO-OPERATION;287
14.3.7;THE LONDON PILOT SYSTEM;288
14.3.8;CONCLUSIONS;288
14.3.9;REFERENCES;289
14.4;Chapter 42. An Algorithm for an Incident Management in a Route Guidance System;290
14.4.1;INTRODUCTION;290
14.4.2;USER INTERFACE;290
14.4.3;TRAVEL TIME MODIFICATIONS FOR FOR ESEEABLE INCIDENTS;291
14.4.4;TRAVEL TIME MODIFICATIONS FOR UNFORESEEABLE INCIDENTS;291
14.4.5;IMPLEMENTATION;293
14.4.6;REFERENCES;293
15;Author Index;294
16;Keyword Index;296