Pessini Ibero-American Bioethics

History and Perspectives
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-1-4020-9350-0
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 397 Seiten

This book is the first in a series of planned volumes focused on preserving the character of the development of bioethics in particular cultural contexts. As the first of these volumes, Leo Pessini, Christian de Paul de Barchifontaine, and Fernando Lolas Stepke’s work has succeeded well. It has brought together accounts by sch- ars who were crucial to the emergence of bioethics in the Ibero-American cultural domain. This trail-blazing work in the history of bioethics will be of enduring s- nificance. I am deeply in their debt for having shouldered this far from easy task. Bioethics is the product of very particular socio-historical developments. Most prominent among them have been (1) the secularization of the dominant culture of North America, Western Europe, and now Central and South America as well, (2) a deflation of the status and authority of physicians as moral authorities able to guide their own profession, and (3) the salience of a post-traditional animus that gives c- tral place to persons as isolated atomic sources of moral authority. Bioethics initially took shape in North America as a post-Christian, post-professional, post-traditional social movement. This bioethics sought to establish a moral discourse for the public forum, a moral practice able to give practical guidance in hospitals and other insti- tions, and a body of undergirding and justifying theoretical reflections.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Pessini, Léo

Weitere Mitwirkende

Bulcock, Jennifer

Sobral, Adail

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1.1;Ibero-American Bioethics;1
1.1.1;Foreword;1
1.1.2;Notes on Contributors;1
1.1.2.1;Authors;1
1.1.2.2;Translators;1
1.1.3;Introduction;1
1.1.4;References;1
2;Pessini_Part1.pdf;20
3;Pessini_Ch01.pdf;21
3.1;Chapter 1;21
3.1.1;The Historical Setting of Latin American Bioethics;21
3.1.1.1;1.1 Introduction;21
3.1.1.2;1.2 The Pre-Columbian Age and the Time of Discoveries: The Ethics of the Gift;21
3.1.1.3;1.3 The Ethical Problem of the Conquest: The Ethics of Despotism;23
3.1.1.4;1.4 The Colonial Age: The Ethics of Paternalism;25
3.1.1.5;1.5 The Age of Independence: The Vicissitudes of Ethnic Autonomy in Latin America;29
3.1.1.6;Post Script – History in First Person;32
3.1.1.6.1;From Anthropology to Bioethics;32
3.1.1.6.2;Rediscovering the History of Ethics;32
3.1.1.6.3;My American Experience and Return to Fundamentals;33
3.1.1.6.4;Clinical Ethics;34
3.1.1.6.5;Teaching Bioethics: Spain and Latin America;34
3.1.1.6.6;Looking to the Future;35
3.1.2;References;36
4;Pessini_Ch02.pdf;38
4.1;Chapter 2;38
4.1.1;The Discourses of Bioethics in Latin America;38
4.1.1.1;2.1 Introduction;38
4.1.1.2;2.2 Reception of Bioethics in the 1970s: Argentina’s Pioneering Role in the Reception of Bioethics in Latin America;38
4.1.1.3;2.3 Assimilation of Bioethics in the 1980s;40
4.1.1.4;2.4 The Re-creation of Bioethics in the 1990s;41
4.1.1.5;2.5 Conclusion;43
4.1.2;References;43
5;Pessini_Ch03.pdf;45
5.1;Chapter 3;45
5.1.1;A Personal History of Bioethics in Latin America: The Current Challenge to the Medical Profession and the Influence of Pharmace;45
5.1.1.1;3.1 The Beginnings of Bioethics;45
5.1.1.2;3.2 The Role of the Pan-American Health Organization;48
5.1.1.3;3.3 An Ongoing Bioethics Project;50
5.1.1.4;3.4 The Medical Profession;51
5.1.1.5;3.5 The Pharmaceutical Industry’s Influence;53
5.1.1.6;3.6 Conclusion;56
5.1.2;References;57
6;Pessini_Ch04.pdf;58
6.1;Chapter 4;58
6.1.1;Bioethics in Latin America and Colombia1;58
6.1.1.1;4.1 The Subject in Its Context;58
6.1.1.2;4.2 The Impact of Bioethics on the Contemporary Universal Culture;59
6.1.1.2.1;4.2.1 Characteristics;59
6.1.1.2.2;4.2.2 Bio-Ethics;59
6.1.1.3;4.3 The First Stage of Bioethics in Latin America: “The Transplant”;60
6.1.1.3.1;4.3.1 Antecedents;60
6.1.1.3.2;4.3.2 A Contrast Between Two Cultures5;61
6.1.1.3.3;4.3.3 Bioethics Revolution;61
6.1.1.4;4.4 The Transplant and Development of Bioethics in Latin America;62
6.1.1.4.1;4.4.1 Argentina: Institute of Medical Humanities and ELABE;62
6.1.1.4.2;4.4.2 Colombia Begins to Work;63
6.1.1.5;4.5 The Second Stage: Consolidation of Bioethics in Latin America;63
6.1.1.5.1;4.5.1 The Bulletin of PAHO;64
6.1.1.5.2;4.5.2 Latin American Federation of Bioethics Institutions (FELAIBE);64
6.1.1.5.3;4.5.3 The Regional Program of Bioethics, PAHO;65
6.1.1.6;4.6 A Brief Summary;65
6.1.1.7;4.7 The Fast Dissemination of Bioethics in Latin America;65
6.1.1.7.1;4.7.1 Pros and Cons;66
6.1.1.8;4.8 An Explanatory Note;67
6.1.2;References;68
7;Pessini_Ch05.pdf;69
7.1;Chapter 5;69
7.1.1;The Pan American Health Organization and Latin American Bioethics;69
7.1.1.1;5.1 The University of Chile and the PAHO Bioethics Program;69
7.1.1.2;5.2 The Involvement of PAHO;69
7.1.1.3;5.3 Education and Training;70
7.1.1.4;5.4 Research and Advocacy;71
7.1.1.5;5.5 Future Challenges;72
7.1.2;References;74
8;Pessini_Part2.pdf;75
9;Pessini_Ch06.pdf;76
9.1;Chapter 6;76
9.1.1;References to Bioethics in Argentina1;76
9.1.1.1;6.1 Introduction;76
9.1.1.2;6.2 Study Centers;76
9.1.1.2.1;6.2.1 Professional Associations;77
9.1.1.2.2;6.2.2 University Chairs;77
9.1.1.2.3;6.2.3 Programs and Institutes;77
9.1.1.3;6.3 Ethics Committees, Commissions, and Boards;78
9.1.1.4;6.4 Public Policies;79
9.1.1.4.1;6.4.1 Conventions on Human Rights Included in the National Constitution (Art. 75, Items 22 and 23, Ref. 1994);80
9.1.1.4.2;6.4.2 Other Argentinean Legal Norms;80
9.1.1.4.3;6.4.3 Relevant Judicial Decisions;80
9.1.1.5;6.5 Relevant Publications of Bioethics;81
9.1.2;6.5.3 Web sites of Institutions and Organizations;82
10;Pessini_Ch07.pdf;83
10.1;Chapter 7;83
10.1.1;Bioethics in Bolivia: Antecedents and Projections;83
10.1.1.1;7.1 First Precursors and Antecedents;83
10.1.1.1.1;7.1.1 Institutional Context of Bioethics in Bolivia;84
10.1.1.1.2;7.1.2 National Committee of Bioethics;85
10.1.1.1.2.1;7.1.2.1 Foundations;85
10.1.1.1.2.2;7.1.2.2 Initiatives;85
10.1.1.1.2.3;7.1.2.3 Activities;85
10.1.1.1.3;7.1.3 Inter-institutional Relations;88
10.1.1.1.4;7.1.4 Representations;89
10.1.1.1.5;7.1.5 Publications;89
10.1.1.1.6;7.1.6 Motivations and Future Directions of CNB;89
10.1.1.2;7.2 The History of the Institute of Bioethics of the Bolivian Catholic University in Cochabamba;92
10.1.1.2.1;7.2.1 Antecedents;92
10.1.1.2.2;7.2.2 Purposes and Objective;92
10.1.1.2.3;7.2.3 Promoted Activities;92
10.1.1.2.4;7.2.4 Inter-institutional Relations;93
10.1.1.2.5;7.2.5 Publications;93
10.1.1.2.6;7.2.6 Motivations and Guidelines of the Institute of Bioethics;93
10.1.1.3;7.3 Bolivian Association of Bioethics and Genetic Right;96
10.1.1.3.1;7.3.1 Antecedents;96
10.1.1.3.2;7.3.2 Purposes and Aims;96
10.1.1.3.3;7.3.3 Activities;96
10.1.1.3.4;7.3.4 International Relations;97
10.1.1.3.5;7.3.5 Publications;97
10.1.1.3.6;7.3.6 Motivations and Directions of ABIODGE;97
10.1.2;References;98
11.1;Chapter 8;1
11.1.1;An X-Ray of Bioethics in Brazil: Pioneering Voices, Institutional and Educational Programs and Perspectives;1
11.1.1.1;8.1 Introduction;1
11.1.1.2;8.2 The First Congresses of Bioethics and Health in Brazil;101
11.1.1.3;8.3 The Brazilian Bioethics Society (SBB);102
11.1.1.4;8.4 Brazilian Institutional and Educational Initiatives;104
11.1.1.4.1;8.4.1 The Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFGRGS) and the Hospital Clinics of Porto Alegre (HCPA);104
11.1.1.4.2;8.4.2 Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre: The Nucleus of Bioethical Studies and the ;105
11.1.1.4.3;8.4.3 University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo (SP);105
11.1.1.4.4;8.4.4 University of Brasília (UB), Center of Advanced Multidisciplinary Studies: Center of Studies and Research in Bioethics;106
11.1.1.4.5;8.4.5 The Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), Brasília (DF);106
11.1.1.4.6;8.4.6 The Brazilian Society of Moral Theology;107
11.1.1.4.7;8.4.7 São Camilo University Center, São Paulo (SP);107
11.1.1.4.8;8.4.8 Unisinos University, São Leopoldo (RS);109
11.1.1.4.9;8.4.9 Feminist Bioethics Centers;109
11.1.1.4.9.1;8.4.9.1 ANIS: The Institute of Bioethics, Human Rights, and Gender;109
11.1.1.4.9.2;8.4.9.2 Bioethics Information Network (RIB): Bioethics and Feminist and Anti-Racist Theory – Belo Horizonte (MG);110
11.1.1.4.10;8.4.10 National School of Public Health/ENSP/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro (RJ);111
11.1.1.4.11;8.4.11 Center of Bioethics de Londrina (NBL), Paraná;111
11.1.1.5;8.5 Ethics in Research Involving Human Beings (1996–2006);112
11.1.1.6;8.6 A Prospective Evaluation;113
11.1.2;References;115
12;Pessini_Ch09.pdf;118
12.1;Chapter 9;118
12.1.1;Bioethics in Chile;118
12.1.1.1;9.1 Introduction;118
12.1.1.2;9.2 Historical Background;119
12.1.1.3;9.3 Early Bioethics;121
12.1.1.4;9.4 Institutions;122
12.1.1.5;9.5 Bioethical Deliberations and Cultural Influences;124
12.1.2;References;126
13.1;Chapter 10;1
13.1.1;Evolution of Bioethics in Costa Rica: A Recent History;1
13.1.1.1;10.1 Introduction;1
13.1.1.2;10.2 The Beginnings of Bioethics in Research;128
13.1.1.3;10.3 The Beginnings of Clinical Bioethics;130
13.1.1.4;10.4 Structure and Membership of Bioethics Committees;131
13.1.1.5;10.5 Bioethics Legislation in Costa Rica;133
13.1.1.6;10.6 Publications;133
13.1.1.7;10.7 Where Are We Going?;134
13.1.2;References;134
14.1;Chapter 11;1
14.1.1;Bioethics in Cuba: Responsibility and Solidarity;1
14.1.1.1;11.1 Introduction;1
14.1.1.2;11.2 A Cuban Perspective of the New Paradigm of the Doctor–Patient Relationship;1
14.1.1.3;11.3 Justice as Solidarity;136
14.1.1.4;11.4 Beneficence as Responsibility;137
14.1.1.5;11.5 Cuban Contributions to Sustainable Global Bioethics;142
14.1.1.6;11.6 Bioethics as a New Type of Knowledge: Applied or Meta-Ethics?;146
14.1.1.7;11.7 Conclusion;147
14.1.2;References;148
15;Pessini_Ch12.pdf;150
15.1;Chapter 12;150
15.1.1;The History of Bioethics in the Dominican Republic;150
15.1.1.1;12.1 Antecedents: The Birth;150
15.1.1.2;12.2 Stage of Formalization (1998–2001): Development;151
15.1.1.3;12.3 Internalization;152
15.1.1.4;12.4 Growth: Broadening and Development;152
15.1.1.4.1;12.4.1 The Academic Setting;153
15.1.1.4.2;12.4.2 Representation;153
15.1.1.4.3;12.4.3 Caribbean Commission of Bioethics;153
15.1.1.5;12.5 Legal Aspects;154
15.1.1.6;12.6 The Present Situation of Bioethics in the Dominican Republic;155
15.1.2;References;156
16;Pessini_Ch13.pdf;157
16.1;Chapter 13;157
16.1.1;Historical Aspects of the Development of Bioethics in Ecuador;157
16.1.1.1;13.1 Introduction;157
16.1.1.2;13.2 Legal Framework;158
16.1.1.3;13.3 The Sowing of Bioethics;158
16.1.1.4;13.4 Bioethics in Professional Training;159
16.1.1.5;13.5 Bioethics and Institutions;160
16.1.1.6;13.6 The National Commission of Bioethics;161
16.1.1.7;13.7 Institutionalization of Bioethics;162
16.1.1.8;13.8 Activities in Bioethics;163
16.1.1.9;13.9 The Ecuadorian Bioethics Society;164
16.1.1.10;13.10 Publications on Bioethics;164
16.1.1.11;13.11 Final Considerations;165
16.1.2;References;166
17;Pessini_Ch14.pdf;167
17.1;Chapter 14;167
17.1.1;A Survey of the Development of Mexican Bioethics: Genomic Medicine as One of Its Greatest Challenges;167
17.1.1.1;14.1 Posing the Problem;167
17.1.1.2;14.2 The Construction of Bioethics in Mexico;168
17.1.1.2.1;14.2.1 The Origins of Bioethics in Mexico: Manuel Velasco-Suárez;168
17.1.1.2.2;14.2.2 The National Commission of Bioethics;168
17.1.1.2.3;14.2.3 Educational Offerings in Bioethics;170
17.1.1.2.4;14.2.4 Bioethics Organizations;171
17.1.1.2.5;14.2.5 Bioethics and Research Centers in Mexico;174
17.1.1.2.6;14.2.6 Bioethics in the Legal System;174
17.1.1.2.7;14.2.7 Bioethics in Jurisprudence;176
17.1.1.2.8;14.2.8 Bioethics in Legislative Projects;178
17.1.1.3;14.3 Bioethics and the Platform of Genomic Medicine in Mexico;178
17.1.1.3.1;14.3.1 General Aspects of Genomic Medicine;179
17.1.1.4;14.4 Final Reflections;179
17.1.2;References;181
18;Pessini_Ch15.pdf;182
18.1;Chapter 15;182
18.1.1;The History of Bioethics in Panama;182
18.1.1.1;15.1 Introduction;182
18.1.1.2;15.2 Bioethics in Public Services;183
18.1.1.2.1;15.2.1 The National Level;183
18.1.1.2.2;15.2.2 The Local Level;186
18.1.1.3;15.3 Bioethics and Bioethics Committees;187
18.1.1.4;15.4 Bioethics in the Private Sector;190
18.1.1.5;15.5 Education in Bioethics;191
18.1.1.5.1;15.5.1 The Ministry of Health;191
18.1.1.5.2;15.5.2 The University of Panama;192
18.1.1.5.3;15.5.3 The University of Santa Maria La Antigua;193
18.1.1.5.4;15.5.4 Other Universities;193
18.1.1.5.5;15.5.5 The Teaching Hospitals;193
18.1.1.5.6;15.5.6 Bioethics Associations;194
18.1.1.6;15.6 The Laws of Bioethics and Relative Themes;194
18.1.1.7;15.7 Conclusion;198
18.1.2;References;198
19;Pessini_Ch16.pdf;200
19.1;Chapter 16;200
19.1.1;The History and Development of Bioethics in Paraguay1;200
19.1.1.1;16.1 Introduction;200
19.1.1.2;16.2 Geographic Situation, Health, Demographics and Other Indicators;201
19.1.1.3;16.3 Laws and Acts of the Executive Ministerial Resolutions;202
19.1.1.4;16.4 Civil Associations;203
19.1.1.5;16.5 Bioethics and Ethics Committees;204
19.1.1.6;16.6 Specialists in Bioethics;207
19.1.1.7;16.7 Education;208
19.1.1.8;16.8 Literature;208
19.1.1.9;16.9 Courses, Symposia, and Congresses;209
19.1.1.10;16.10 The Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights;211
19.1.1.11;16.11 Conclusion and Challenges;212
19.1.2;References;212
20;Pessini_Ch17.pdf;213
20.1;Chapter 17;213
20.1.1;Bioethics in Peru;213
20.1.1.1;17.1 Introduction;213
20.1.1.2;17.2 Honorio Delgado: A Precursor;214
20.1.1.3;17.3 The Beginnings of the Peruvian Bioethics Movement;215
20.1.1.4;17.4 The Peruvian Association of Bioethics (ASPEBIO);216
20.1.1.4.1;17.4.1 The History of ASPEBIO;216
20.1.1.4.2;17.4.2 ASPEBIO: Projections;217
20.1.1.5;17.5 Historical Events;218
20.1.1.5.1;17.5.1 International Bioethics Course: “Bioethics and Health” (1996);218
20.1.1.5.2;17.5.2 Seminar and Workshop of PAHO/OMS (1999);218
20.1.1.5.3;17.5.3 First Ethics and Medicine Day (2000);219
20.1.1.5.4;17.5.4 International Bioethics Course: Controversies and Challenges (2000);219
20.1.1.5.5;17.5.5 First International Bioethics Course (2003);219
20.1.1.5.6;17.5.6 International Bioethics Week (2003);220
20.1.1.5.7;17.5.7 Tenth Pastoral Day of Health (2004);220
20.1.1.5.8;17.5.8 Ethical and Legal Aspects of the Medical Act;220
20.1.1.5.9;17.5.9 International Symposium of Bioethicists;220
20.1.1.6;17.6 Legal Aspects;221
20.1.1.7;17.7 Research Ethics Committees in Peru;221
20.1.1.7.1;17.7.1 Research Ethics Committee of the Edgardo Rebagliatti Martins Hospital;222
20.1.1.7.2;17.7.2 National Institute of Health;222
20.1.1.7.3;17.7.3 Peruvian Bioethics Center (CEPEBIO);223
20.1.1.7.4;17.7.4 RENACE: General Office of Epidemiology (OGE);223
20.1.1.7.5;17.7.5 PRISMA (A Non-governmental Organization);223
20.1.1.8;17.8 The Journey of the Cristóforis Deneke Health Institute (ISDEN) Through the Pathways of Bioethics (1998–2006);223
20.1.1.8.1;17.8.1 Antecedents;223
20.1.1.8.2;17.8.2 Current Work;224
20.1.1.8.3;17.8.3 Ethics Training in Undergraduate Nursing Courses;225
20.1.1.8.4;17.8.4 Graduate Education in Bioethics;225
20.1.1.8.5;17.8.5 Publications of ISDEN;226
20.1.1.8.6;17.8.6 National and International Bioethics and Ethics Events;226
20.1.1.9;17.9 Conclusions;227
20.1.2;Works Cited;227
21;Pessini_Ch18.pdf;229
21.1;Chapter 18;229
21.1.1;Bioethics in Portugal;229
21.1.1.1;18.1 Introduction;229
21.1.1.2;18.2 Institutions;230
21.1.1.3;18.3 Main Activities;231
21.1.1.4;18.4 Publications;232
21.1.1.5;18.5 Teaching Bioethics;232
21.1.1.6;18.6 Biomedical Research;233
21.1.1.7;18.7 Laws of Biomedical Relevance;234
21.1.1.8;18.8 International Links;234
21.1.1.9;18.9 Contacts;235
21.1.2;References;236
22;Pessini_Ch19.pdf;238
22.1;Chapter 19;238
22.1.1;Historical Development of Bioethics in Puerto Rico;238
22.1.1.1;19.1 Introduction: The Present;238
22.1.1.2;19.2 The Pioneering Phase: The UPR, Mayagüez Campus;240
22.1.1.3;19.3 The Medical Sciences Campus of the UPR;241
22.1.1.4;19.4 Initiatives Outside of Academia: The Bioethics Seminar;242
22.1.1.5;19.5 Initiatives Taken by the Puerto Rico Medical Association;242
22.1.1.6;19.6 Additional Efforts;243
22.1.1.7;19.7 The Puerto Rican Federation of Bioethics;244
22.1.1.8;19.8 The Future;245
23;Pessini_Ch20.pdf;250
23.1;Chapter 20;250
23.1.1;The Dynamics of the Bioethical Dialogue in Spain;250
23.1.1.1;20.1 Introduction;250
23.1.1.2;20.2 The Birth of the Borja Institute of Bioethics;251
23.1.1.3;20.3 The Second Period;254
23.1.1.3.1;20.3.1 The Ethical Foundation of Bioethics;255
23.1.1.3.2;20.3.2 The Theological Foundation of Bioethics;258
23.1.1.3.3;20.3.3 The Legal Foundation of Bioethics;259
23.1.1.3.4;20.3.4 Testimony and Narrative in Bioethics;260
23.1.1.4;20.4 A Period of Review, Projection, and Integration;261
23.1.2;References;264
24;Pessini_Ch21.pdf;266
24.1;Chapter 21;266
24.1.1;Bioethics in Venezuela: First Pathways;266
24.1.1.1;21.1 Introduction;266
24.1.1.2;21.2 Human Rights;268
24.1.1.3;21.3 An Emergent Bioethical Thought;270
24.1.1.4;21.4 Stages of Development;271
24.1.1.4.1;21.4.1 “First Steps”;272
24.1.1.4.2;21.4.2 “Adolescence”;273
24.1.1.5;21.5 Bioethics at the State Level;273
24.1.1.6;21.6 Bioethics Committees;274
24.1.1.7;21.7 International Participation;276
24.1.1.7.1;21.7.1 At the Institutional Level;276
24.1.1.7.2;21.7.2 International Congresses;276
24.1.1.8;21.8 Professional Education;277
24.1.1.8.1;21.8.1 A Joint Request;277
24.1.1.9;21.9 New Opportunities and Spaces for Reflection;279
24.1.1.10;21.10 Conclusion;281
24.1.2;References;285
25;Pessini_Part3.pdf;287
26;Pessini_Ch22.pdf;288
26.1;Chapter 22;288
26.1.1;Bioethics and Religion in Latin America;288
26.1.1.1;22.1 Introduction;288
26.1.1.2;22.2 “Bridges to the Future”: Common Bridges;288
26.1.1.3;22.3 Bioethics: An Estrangement Between Reason and Religion?;290
26.1.1.4;22.4 Religion and Bioethics in a Context of Persistent Inequities;291
26.1.1.5;22.5 Beyond Dogmatism;292
26.1.1.6;22.6 Bioethics and Theology on the Question of Transcendence;293
26.1.1.7;22.7 Is There an Implicit Religion Within Bioethics?;295
26.1.1.8;22.8 Lay Bioethics and Religious Bioethics: The Challenge of Discourse;296
26.1.1.9;22.9 Bioethics and Religion: The Challenge of Their Places in Society;297
26.1.2;References;298
27;Pessini_Ch23.pdf;300
27.1;Chapter 23;300
27.1.1;Bioethics and Women in Latin America: A Biographical and Genealogical Essay;300
27.1.1.1;23.1 A Genealogical Overview;301
27.1.1.2;23.2 Between Doctors and Theologians: Feminist Women;303
27.1.1.3;23.3 Between Academic Protagonists and Public Speakers;304
27.1.1.4;23.4 Women and New Challenges;307
27.1.1.5;Acknowledgments;308
27.1.2;References;308
28;Pessini_Ch24.pdf;311
28.1;Chapter 24;311
28.1.1;The Environment and Bioethics: A Brazilian Perspective;311
28.1.1.1;24.1 Introduction;311
28.1.1.2;24.2 Natural and Cultural Biodiversity;312
28.1.1.3;24.3 Sustainable Development;316
28.1.1.4;24.4 Environmental Justice;317
28.1.1.5;24.5 Health and the Environment;318
28.1.1.6;24.6 Conclusion;320
28.1.2;References;321
29.1;Chapter 25;1
29.1.1;Human Vulnerability;1
29.1.1.1;25.1 Vulnerability in the Singular;1
29.1.1.2;25.2 Vulnerability in the Plural;326
29.1.1.3;25.3 Seeking a Conclusion;332
29.1.2;References;333
30;Pessini_Ch26.pdf;335
30.1;Chapter 26;335
30.1.1;Ethics of Research Involving Human Subjects: The Brazilian Experience;335
30.1.1.1;26.1 Introduction;335
30.1.1.2;26.2 Guidelines for Ethical Research in Brazil;337
30.1.1.2.1;26.2.1 Motivation;337
30.1.1.2.2;26.2.2 Research Ethics Committees (CEP);339
30.1.1.2.3;26.2.3 National Commission for Research Ethics (CONEP);341
30.1.1.3;26.3 Final Considerations;342
30.1.2;References;343
31;Pessini_Part4.pdf;344
32;Pessini_Ch27.pdf;345
32.1;Chapter 27;345
32.1.1;A Prospective Examination for Discovering Challenges from the Hispano-American Historical Context;345
32.1.1.1;27.1 Introduction: Defining the Historical Context;345
32.1.1.2;27.2 The Universalist Perspective of Bioethics Returns Relativized but Strong Enough;345
32.1.1.3;27.3 Complimentarity and Parallelism Among the Identified Bioethics Nuclei;348
32.1.1.4;27.4 Economic and Social Costs;349
32.1.1.5;27.5 General Evaluation;352
32.1.1.6;27.6 Before Planetary Threats: By Means of Bioethics and Beyond;356
32.1.2;References;357
33;Pessini_Ch28.pdf;358
33.1;Chapter 28;358
33.1.1;A Critical Reading of Latin American Bioethics;358
33.1.1.1;28.1 Searching for an Approach;358
33.1.1.2;28.2 Recognizing the Work of the Pioneers of Medical Humanism;359
33.1.1.3;28.3 A Respectful Retrospective Examination;360
33.1.1.4;28.4 The Emergence of a Bioethical Reflection on Latin American Questions;361
33.1.1.5;28.5 The Appeal to Moral Ideals and the Risk of Bioethical “Pamphletism”;362
33.1.1.6;28.6 The Opening of Bioethics to the Great Themes Related to Life;363
33.1.1.7;28.7 The Search for the Epistemological Structure of Bioethics;365
33.1.1.8;28.8 A Final Remark;367
33.1.2;References;367
34.1;Chapter 29;1
34.1.1;What Kind of Future Awaits Us? Some Challenging Questions for the Future of Bioethics in Ibero-America;1
34.1.1.1;29.1 Introduction;1
34.1.1.2;29.2 Broadening the Ethical Perspective: From an Individualistic to a Communitarian Approach;369
34.1.1.3;29.3 Challenges in Developing a Horizon of Meaning for Bioethics;371
34.1.1.4;29.4 Beyond Principlism;372
34.1.1.5;29.5 Justice and Equity in Health Care;372
34.1.1.6;29.6 Bioethics and Religion;373
34.1.1.7;29.7 A Final Note;373
34.1.2;References;374
35;Pessini_Part5.pdf;375
36;Pessini_Ch30.pdf;376
36.1;Chapter 30;376
36.1.1;The Many Beginnings of Bioethics: A Comparison of American and Ibero-American Bioethics and the Possibility of a Global Bioe;376
36.1.2;References;383
37;Pessini_Backmatter.pdf;384
38.1;Ibero-American Bioethics;3
38.1.1;Foreword;5
38.1.2;Notes on Contributors;10
38.1.2.1;Authors;10
38.1.2.2;Translators;15
38.1.3;Introduction;16
38.1.4;References;19