Pine Hazards Analysis

Reducing the Impact of Disasters, Second Edition
2. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4822-2892-2
Verlag: Taylor & Francis
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 338 Seiten

The impacts of natural and man-made disasters have increased exponentially over the past few decades. Moreover, with our global interconnectedness and the growing scale of disasters, today's catastrophic disasters can have regional, national, and even global economic consequences.

Following in the tradition of the successful first edition, Hazards Analysis: Reducing the Impact of Disasters, Second Edition provides a structure and process for understanding the nature of natural and human-caused disasters. Stressing the role of hazard risk management for public, private, and nonprofit organizations, the author and expert contributors cover problem solving, risk analysis, and risk communications to ensure readers are in a position to identify key problems associated with hazards and the risks that they present.

The book details a systematic process of hazards identification, vulnerability determination, and consequence assessment for the natural, built, and human environment. Using a cross-disciplinary approach, this book effectively demonstrates how to use the results of vulnerability assessment, spatial analysis, and community planning to reduce adverse disaster outcomes and foster social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Throughout, the book stresses that hazards analysis is not an isolated process but one that must engage the local community.

Complete with clearly set objectives, key terms, discussion questions, satellite images and maps, and ancillary websites for further study, this authoritative guide covers every element of the hazard analysis process in a step-by-step format. Hazards Analysis presents time-proven strategies for building sustainable communities, identifying and prioritizing risks, and establishing successful disaster prevention and relief strategies prior to a disaster.

Zielgruppe

Local, state, federal, and international emergency/disaster management professionals; disaster researchers looking at hazard impact and impact analysis studies; NGOs; students and professionals in homeland security, emergency/disaster management, public administration, environmental management, urban and rural geography, modeling and mapping hazards, and coastal and land use management.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Pine, John C.

Fachgebiete

• Geowissenschaften Geologie Geologie

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Introduction to Hazards Analysis; John C. Pine
Objectives
Key Terms
Issue
Introduction
Terminology of Hazards
Views of Extreme Natural Events as Primary Causes of Disasters
A Changing Hazards Paradigm
Hazards Analysis
Hazard Identification
Vulnerability Analysis
Risk Analysis
Linking Hazards Analysis to Risk and Comprehensive Emergency Management Communicating Risk from a Hazards Analysis Community Involvement Values in Community Engagement
Conclusions
Discussion Questions
Applications
Websites
References

Hazards Identification; John C. Pine
Objectives
Key Terms
Issue
Introduction
Hazards Identification Process
Organizing a Hazards Identification Team
Creating a Community Profile Community Assets Environmental or Natural Assets and Risks
Sources of Hazards Data Social Assets Economic and Constructed Assets Infrastructure Critical Facilities Economic Activities
Mapping Community Assets and Hazards
Interdependence of Communities
Identifying Community Problems
Problem-Solving Process
Problem Solving in a Nonstructured Environment
Decision Traps
Perception of Risks by Citizens
Conclusions
Discussion Questions
Applications
Websites Population Data Health Data Environmental Data Transportation Energy Business Statistics
Mapping Resources
References

Modeling Natural- and Human-Caused Hazards; John C. Pine
Objectives
Key Terms
Issue
Role of Hazard Modeling in Hazards Analysis
An Example of a Hazard Model
Nature and Types of Models Dynamic Models Deterministic Probabilistic
Models Used in Hazards Analysis HAZUS-MH Model
Evacuation Transportation Modeling
Modeling Community Resilience
Communicating Risks from Models
Assessing Hazard Models Validity Quality Availability of Model Documentation Data Accuracy, Resolution, and Availability
Coupling Models with GIS
Static versus Adaptable Outputs
Uses of Model Outputs Timeliness Completeness
Advantages and Disadvantages of Hazard Models
Model Limitations
Hazard Profiles
Sources of Hazard Information for the Hazard Profile Description of Hazard Magnitude Frequency of Occurrence Seasonal Pattern Duration Speed of Onset Availability of Warnings Location and Spatial Extent
Conclusions
Discussion Questions
Applications National Flood Insurance Program Hazard Profile Sample for a Tornado
Websites
Avalanches
Dam Safety
Drought
Earthquakes
Flooding
Landslides
Snow
Tornadoes
Tsunamis
Wildfires
References

Spatial Analysis; John C. Pine
Objectives
Key Terms
Issue
Introduction
Definition of Spatial Analysis
Geospatial Data Set
Spatial Data Quality
Types of Spatial Analysis Queries
Using Spatial Analysis to Answer Questions Transformations Buffering Descriptive Summaries Optimization Techniques Hypothesis Testing
Spatial Data Visualization
Choropleth Maps
Conclusions
Discussion Questions
Applications
Websites
References

Risk Analysis: Assessing the Risks of Hazards; Kevin L. Shirley and John C. Pine
Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Process of Risk Analysis
What Is Risk? Quantitative Analysis of Risk Quantitative Analysis of Likelihood Quantitative Analysis of Consequence Qualitative Analysis of Risk Qualitative Analysis of Likelihood Qualitative Analysis of Consequence
Views of Risk
Using Historical Data in Determining Risk
Need for Complete Accurate Data for Decision Making
Using Technical Data in Decision Making
Indicators of Direct and Indirect Losses
Issues in Risk Analysis Changes in Disaster Frequency Availability of Essential Data Depth of Analysis
Ranking of Risks Quantitative Data Likelihood–Consequence Matrix Risk Strategies Mandatory Risk Level Extremely Low Likelihood of Risk Accept the Risk Determining Risk Acceptability Personal Political/Social Economic
Hazard Models Uncertainty Logic Tree Monte Carlo Method or Simulation Uncertainty Expressed in Interval Estimates
Summary
Discussion Questions
Applications
Websites
References

Social, Economic, and Ecological Vulnerability; John C. Pine
Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Approaches to Vulnerability
Dimensions of Vulnerability Social and Human Vulnerability Economic Vulnerability Environmental Vulnerability
Measuring Vulnerability Indicators of Social Conditions Indicators of Economic Conditions Indicators of Environmental Conditions
Methodological Issues Scale of Analysis Weighting, Data Availability, and Accuracy Type and Scope of Measures Interdependence of Social, Economic, and Ecological Capital
Discussion Questions
Applications
Websites
References

Risk Communication; John C. Pine and Stephen L. Guillot, Jr.
Objectives
Key Terms
Issue
Introduction
Risk Communication
Risk Communication Process
Barriers in Risk Communication
Risk Communication Tools Communicating Risks with Maps Use of Figures
Social Media
Targeting Specific Audiences
Risk Communication Myths
Managing Risks
Decision Making
Community Engagement
Stakeholders Involvement
Ethics and Decision Making
Legal Issues in Decision Making
Indemnification
Acknowledging Risk as a Part of Risk Communication
Learning as a Part of Risk Communication
Discussion Questions
Applications
Websites
References

Hazards Risk Management Process; Greg Shaw
Objectives
Key Terms
Issue
Introduction
Terminology
Risk Management
Hazards Risk Management Framing Questions
Framework for Hazards Risk Management
Components of the Hazards Risk Management Process Communicate and Consult Monitor and Review Step 1: Establish the context Step 2: Identify the hazards Step 3: Assess the hazard risk Step 4: Sort the hazards by risk magnitude Step 5: Analyze the risks from each hazard Step 6: Group and prioritize the hazard risks and consider risk management interventions
Application of the Hazards Risk Management Process Overview Step 1: Establish the context Step 2: Identify the hazards Step 3: Assess the hazards risk Step 4: Sort the hazards by risk magnitude Step 5: Analyze the risks from each hazard Step 6: Group and prioritize the hazard risks and consider risk management interventions
Hazards Risk Management and Comprehensive Emergency Management
Discussion Questions
Applications
Websites
References

Planning for Sustainable and Disaster-Resilient Communities; Gavin Smith
Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Sustainability, Disaster Resilience Climate Change Adaptation, and Hazard Mitigation Planning
Hazard Mitigation Planning Policy Framework
Hazard Mitigation Plan
Power of Plan Making: Tools and Process Planning Process: Building Stakeholder Capacity to Confront Hazards
Discussion Questions
Applications You Be the Planner
Websites
References

Creating Disaster-Resilient Communities: A New Natural Hazards Risk Management Framework; Gavin Smith
Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Hazard Mitigation Policies
Emergent National Climate Change Adaptation Policy
New Natural Hazards Risk Management Policy Framework Expand Natural Hazards Analysis to Include Sustainable Development and Disaster-Resilient Themes Use Risk Assessment Findings to Guide Land Use and Scenario-Based Planning That Assesses Current and Future Vulnerability Assess Hazard Risk Management Policies, Programs, Plans, and Projects as Part of a Larger Effort to Build Local Capacity and Self-Reliance through a Risk Governance Strategy Balance Incentives and Penalties Affecting Human Settlement
Pattern Adjustments: A Critical Look at Existing Hazard Mitigation Programs Assess Losses Avoided and Build Disaster-Resilient Communities in the Age of Climate Change
Recommendations for Action Draw Lessons from a National Assessment of Local Hazard Mitigation Plans Place a Greater Emphasis on Land-Use Decisions and Human Settlement Patterns Establish a Robust Training and Capacity-Building Approach Enact Sanctions for Low-Performing States and Communities that Underperform and Provide Benefits to Communities and States that Develop Enhanced Hazard Mitigation Plans Engage Professional Land-Use Planners in the Implementation of the Proposed Natural Hazards Management Framework Facilitate the Use of Planners as Agents of Social Change and Policy Learning Include Hazards Analysis in Planning for Climate Change
Summary and Conclusions
Discussion Questions
Applications You Be the Policy Analyst You Be the Planner
References

Index

Über Autor(innen)

John C. Pine serves as the director of the Research Institute for Environment, Energy & Economics (RIEEE), and professor in the department of Geography and Planning, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina. He joined the Appalachian faculty in 2009 after serving thirty years at Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge where he directed the graduate and undergraduate Disaster Science and Management Program. At Louisiana State University, he was a professor in the Department of Geography and Anthropology and the department of Environmental Sciences. His research on disasters and emergency management centers on emergency planning, risk assessment, and disaster recovery.

He has worked for many years with public agencies at the federal, state, and local levels as well as non-profit and private entities to identify strategies to enhance preparedness and community sustainability. His publications focus on hazards and disasters including Technology and Emergency Management from John Wiley (2007) and Tort Liability Today from the Public Risk Management Association (2005).

He is currently on the board of directors of the National Committee for the New River, the Learning Lodge at Grandfather Mountain, and an advisory board for the American Meteorological Society. His publications have been included in The Journal of Disaster Studies, Policy and Management, Disasters, Journal of Race and Society, International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, Oceanography, Journal of Emergency Management, Natural Disaster Review, Journal of Environmental Health, and the Journal of Hazardous Materials. He received his doctorate in higher education administration and public administration from the University of Georgia, Athens, in 1979.