Pollard Perspectives in Virology

Antiviral Mechanisms
1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6971-9
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band Volume 9, 376 Seiten, Web PDF

Reihe: Perspectives in Virology

Perspectives in Virology IX: Antiviral Mechanisms is a collection of scientific papers presented at the Ninth Gustav Stern Symposium on Perspectives in Virology: Antiviral Mechanisms, held at Notre Dame, Indiana in February 1974. The majority of the papers in this volume concentrate on the different ways the human body defends itself against viral attack. Others deal with artificial means of interfering with the life cycle of viruses. Topics covered in this compendium include defective interfering (DI) particles as antiviral agents; detection and identification by immune electron microscopy of fastidious agents associated with respiratory illness, acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis, and hepatitis A; and synthetic vaccines. Cellular immune response in viral infections; transfer factor and cellular immunity to viral infection; and studies on adenine rabinoside are presented as well. Virologists, microbiologists, pathologists, pharmacologists, and researchers in the fields of medicine and pathology will find the book insightful and informative.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Pollard, Morris

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Antiviral Mechanisms: Perspectives in Virology IX;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;List of Invited Participants;12
6;Foreword;24
7;Preface;30
8;Welcome;32
9;CHAPTER 1. Perspectives in Virology: Vaticinations;34
9.1;Text;34
9.2;REFERENCES;40
10;CHAPTER 2. Detection and Identification by Immune Electron Microscopy of Fastidious Agents Associated with Respiratory Illness,
Acute Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis, and Hepatitis A;42
10.1;I. INTRODUCTION;42
10.2;II. DETECTION OF RHINOVIRUSES;44
10.3;III. DETECTION OF CORONAVIRUS STRAIN 692;47
10.4;IV. IDENTIFICATION OF AN AGENT ASSOCIATED WITH
ACUTE NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS;52
10.5;V. IDENTIFICATION OF AN AGENT
ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS A;66
10.6;VI. CONCLUSION;73
10.7;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;75
10.8;REFERENCES;75
10.9;DISCUSSION;78
11;CHAPTER 3. Current Understanding of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Its Implications for Immunoprophylaxis;82
11.1;I. INTRODUCTION;82
11.2;II. NOMENCLATURE;82
11.3;III. TESTS FOR HBs Ag and anti-HBs;83
11.4;IV. EPIDEMIOLOGY;83
11.5;V. ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY OF HBs Ag;87
11.6;VI. NATURE OF HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS;89
11.7;VII. STUDIES OF HEPATITIS TYPE B IN NONHUMAN
PRIMATES;94
11.8;VIII. PROSPECTS FOR IMMUNIZATION AGAINST
HEPATITIS B;96
11.9;IX. CONCLUSION;99
11.10;REFERENCES;100
11.11;DISCUSSION;104
12;CHAPTER 4. Defective Interfering Particles
As Antiviral Agents;110
12.1;I. INTRODUCTION;110
12.2;II. CONTINUOUS INFECTION OF CELLS BY VESICULAR
STOMATITIS VIRUS;111
12.3;III. NUCLEOCAPSID ACCUMULATION;113
12.4;IV. MOLECULAR BASIS OF INTERFERENCE;115
12.5;V. DISCUSSION;119
12.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;121
12.7;REFERENCES;121
12.8;DISCUSSION;122
13;CHAPTER 5. Synthetic Vaccines of the Future;124
13.1;I. INTRODUCTION;124
13.2;II. SPECIFICITY DETERMINANTS;125
13.3;III. ANTIGENIC COMPETITION;125
13.4;IV. SYNTHETIC ANTIGENS AND ROLE OF CONFORMATION;126
13.5;V. SYNTHETIC ANTIGENS CROSS-REACTIVE WITH
NATURAL PRODUCTS;127
13.6;VI. GENETIC CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSE;128
13.7;VII. BUILT-IN ADJUVANTICITY;129
13.8;VIII. VACCINE SPECIFICITIES?;129
13.9;IX. CONCLUDING REMARKS;130
13.10;REFERENCES;131
14;CHAPTER 6. Inhibition of Viral Neuraminidase As a New Approach to the
Prevention of Influenza;132
14.1;I. INTRODUCTION;132
14.2;II. COMPARISON OF ANTIHEMAGGLUTININ AND
ANTINEURAMINIDASE IMMUNIZATION;134
14.3;III. MECHANISMS OF INFLUENZA VIRUS SUPPRESSION;137
14.4;REFERENCES;145
14.5;DISCUSSION;145
15;CHAPTER 7. Cellular Immune Response
in Viral Infections;148
15.1;I. INTRODUCTION;148
15.2;II. DIFFERENT ROUTES OF SPREAD OF VIRUS INFECTION;149
15.3;III. IMMUNE MECHANISMS PREVENTING TYPE II SPREAD;149
15.4;IV. CONCLUSION;161
15.5;REFERENCES;163
15.6;DISCUSSION;163
16;CHAPTER 8. Transfer Factor and Cellular Immunity
to Viral Infection;168
16.1;I. INTRODUCTION;168
16.2;II. TRANSFER FACTOR IN THE INITIATION AND
AUGMENTATION OF CMI;169
16.3;III. IMMUNOTHERAPY WITH TRANSFER FACTOR (TFD);172
16.4;REFERENCES;182
16.5;DISCUSSION;184
17;CHAPTER 9. Immunological Evidence for a Viral Etiology of Certain
Human Malignant Tumors;186
17.1;I. INTRODUCTION;186
17.2;II. ROLE OF LYMPHOCYTES IN IMMUNOLOGY;186
17.3;III. RELATION OF T-CELL DEFICIENCY TO CANCER
AND AUTOIMMUNITY;188
17.4;IV. CLINICAL TESTS OF TRANSFER FACTOR;189
17.5;V. COMBINED EFFECT OF IMMUNODEFICIENCY AND
ONCOGENIC VIRUSES IN CANCER;190
17.6;REFERENCES;192
17.7;DISCUSSION;193
18;CHAPTER 10. Genetic Transmission
of RNA Tumor Viruses;198
18.1;I. INTRODUCTION;198
18.2;II. REPLICATION OF RNA TUMOR VIRUSES;200
18.3;III. CONGENITAL INFECTION AND GENETIC TRANSMISSION;202
18.4;IV. EVIDENCE FOR GENETIC TRANSMISSION;204
18.5;V. VERTICAL TRANSMISSION AND HOST ANTIVIRAL
MECHANISMS;208
18.6;VI. GENETIC CONTROL OF ENDOGENOUS
VIRUS EXPRESSION;213
18.7;VII.
XENOTROPIC VIRUSES;223
18.8;VIII. INHERITANCE OF ACQUIRED GENES;225
18.9;IX. EPILOGUE;232
18.10;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;233
18.11;REFERENCES;233
18.12;DISCUSSION;236
19;CHAPTER 11. Type C Virus Inhibitor Associated with Cells Cultivated
from New Zealand Black Mice;240
19.1;I. INTRODUCTION;240
19.2;II. BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
OF THE INHIBITOR;241
19.3;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;247
19.4;REFERENCES;247
19.5;DISCUSSION;247
20;CHAPTER 12. Inhibition of Rous Sarcoma Virus Replication by Inhibitors
of Cell Replication;248
20.1;I. INTRODUCTION;248
20.2;II. ABSENCE OF VIRAL ANTIGENS IN ROUS SARCOMA
VIRUS-INFECTED STATIONARY CHICKEN EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS;250
20.3;III. EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEMS;252
20.4;IV. APPEARANCE OF VIRUS RNA IN ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS-INFECTED STATIONARY CHICKEN EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS AFTER STIMULATION WITH
SERUM;254
20.5;V. ROUS SARCOMA VIRUS PRODUCTION IN CHICKEN
EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS MADE STATIONARY AFTER ACTIVATION;260
20.6;VI. A MODEL FOR THE REPLICATION OF ROUS
SARCOMA VIRUS;261
20.7;VII. SUMMARY;262
20.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;262
20.9;REFERENCES;263
20.10;DISCUSSION;263
21;CHAPTER 13. Mechanism of Interferon-Induced Block
in mRNA Translation;266
21.1;I. INTRODUCTION;266
21.2;II. MATERIALS AND METHODS;267
21.3;III. RESULTS;268
21.4;IV. CONCLUSIONS;278
21.5;REFERENCES;279
21.6;DISCUSSION;280
22;CHAPTER 14. Clinical Utilization of Exogenous
Human Interferon;282
22.1;I. INTRODUCTION;282
22.2;II. PRIOR STUDIES WITH EXOGENOUS INTERFERON IN
MAN;284
22.3;III. PRESENT STUDIES OF VARICELLA ZOSTER INFECTIONS
TREATED WITH INTERFERON;290
22.4;IV. PERSPECTIVES FOR EXOGENOUS INTERFERON;295
22.5;REFERENCES;297
22.6;DISCUSSION;298
23;CHAPTER 15.
Interferon Cell Receptor Interactions;302
23.1;I. CELL SPECIES SPECIFICITY OF INTERFERON;302
23.2;II. INDUCTION OF ANTIVIRAL STATE BY INTERFERON;305
23.3;III. CONCLUSION;308
23.4;REFERENCES;310
24;CHAPTER 16. Inhibition of Enveloped Viruses in a Model
of Virus-Induced Hyperlipemia;312
24.1;I. INTRODUCTION;312
24.2;II. THE PHENOMENON OF VIRAL LIPEMIA;313
24.3;III. SPECIFICITY OF LIPEMIA;313
24.4;IV. MECHANISM OF LIPEMIA;315
24.5;V. ANTIVIRAL EFFECTS OF ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS;321
24.6;VI. IMPLICATIONS AND DISCUSSION;324
24.7;VII. SUMMARY;324
24.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;325
24.9;REFERENCES;325
24.10;DISCUSSION;326
25;CHAPTER 17. Photodynamic Inactivation of Herpesvirus;330
25.1;I. INTRODUCTION;330
25.2;II. PHOTOSENSITIZATION OF VIRUS WITH DYE;330
25.3;III. DYE-LIGHT THERAPY OF HERPESVIRUS INFECTIONS;335
25.4;REFERENCES;345
25.5;DISCUSSION;345
26;CHAPTER 18. Studies on Adenine Arabinoside—A Model for Antiviral
Chemotherapeutics;348
26.1;I. INTRODUCTION;348
26.2;II. EARLY INVESTIGATIONS OF ARA-A AND ANALOGS;349
26.3;III. TREATMENT OF HERPETIC INFECTIONS WITH ARA-A;356
26.4;IV. TREATMENT OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS WITH ARA-A;361
26.5;V. THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF ARA-A;363
26.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;364
26.7;REFERENCES;365
26.8;DISCUSSION;365
27;CHAPTER 19. Epilogue;370
27.1;Text;370
28;Subject Index;372