Pomogailo / Kestelman Metallopolymer Nanocomposites

1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-3-540-26523-8
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 81, 564 Seiten

Reihe: Springer Series in Materials Science

This book presents and analyzes the essential data on nanoscale metal clusters dispersed in, or chemically bonded with polymers. Special attention is paid to the in situ synthesis of the nanocomposites, their chemical interactions, and the size and distribution of the particles in the polymer matrix. Numerous novel nanocomposites are described with regard to their mechanical, electrophysical, optical, magnetic, catalytic and biological properties. Their applications, present and future, are outlined.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Pomogailo, A. D.

Kestelman, V. N.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Foreword;7
2;Preface;9
3;Contents;11
4;List of Abbreviations;16
5;Structure and Organization of Metal Nanoparticles in Polymer Matrices;20
5.1;1 Nanoparticles in Materials Chemistry and in the Natural Sciences ( Introduction);22
5.1.1;1.1 Classification of Nanoparticles by Size;24
5.1.2;1.2 Structural Organization of Nanoparticles;28
5.1.3;1.3 Dimensional Phenomena in the Chemistry and Physics of Nanoparticles;28
5.1.4;1.4 Nanoparticles and Materials on their Base;31
5.1.5;References;42
5.2;2 Nucleation Mechanism of Nanoparticles and Metal Clusters, their Structure and Chief Properties;44
5.2.1;2.1 Characteristic Features of Nanoparticle Nucleation;45
5.2.2;2.2 Kinetic Features of New Phase Formation;51
5.2.3;2.3 Phase Formation in Chemical Reactions;58
5.2.4;2.4 Self-Organization of Metal-Containing Nanoparticles ( Fractal Structures);62
5.2.5;2.5 Brief Account of Major Production Methods of Metal- Containing Nanoparticles;71
5.2.6;2.6 Metal Clusters as Nanoparticles with Fixed Dimensions;77
5.2.7;References;79
5.3;3 Principles and Mechanisms of Nanoparticle Stabilization by Polymers;84
5.3.1;3.1 Stability of Nanoparticles in Solutions;84
5.3.2;3.2 Stabilizing Capability Characteristics of Polymers;87
5.3.3;3.3 Characteristics of Polymer Absorption on Metal Surfaces;90
5.3.4;3.4 Specifics of Polymer Surfactants as Stabilizers;100
5.3.5;3.5 Mechanism of Nanoparticle Stabilization by Polymers;110
5.3.6;3.6 Stabilization of Nanoparticles by Electrolytes;115
5.3.7;3.7 Surface Proofing as a Method of Stabilizing Nanoparticles by Polymers;118
5.3.8;3.8 On the Problem of Matrix Confinement;120
5.3.9;References;125
6;Synthetic Methods for Metallopolymer Nanocomposite Preparation;134
6.1;4 Physical Methods of Incorporating Nanoparticles into Polymers;136
6.1.1;4.1 Mechanochemical Dispersion of Precursors Jointly with Polymers;137
6.1.2;4.2 Microencapsulation of Nanoparticles into Polymers;139
6.1.3;4.3 Physical Deposition of Metal Particles on Polymers;143
6.1.4;4.4 Formation of 2D Nanostructures on Polymers;146
6.1.5;4.5 Formation of Metal Nanoparticles in Polymer Matrix Voids ( Pores);149
6.1.6;4.6 Physical Modification and Filling of Polymers with Metal;150
6.1.7;References;151
6.2;5 Chemical Methods of Metal– Polymer Nanocomposite Production;154
6.2.1;5.1 Reduction of Polymer-Bound Metal Complexes;155
6.2.2;5.2 Nanocomposite Formation by Metal- Containing Precursor Thermolysis;191
6.2.3;5.3 Nanocomposite Formation in Monomer– Polymer Mixtures in Thermolysis;212
6.2.4;5.4 Nanocomposites on the Base of Polymer- Immobilized Metalloclusters;215
6.2.5;References;241
6.3;6 Physico-Chemical Methods of Metal- Polymer Nanocomposite Production;256
6.3.1;6.1 Cryochemical Methods of Atomic Metal Deposition on Polymers;256
6.3.2;6.2 Metal Evaporation Methods on Polymers Localized at Room Temperature;265
6.3.3;6.3 Synthesis of Nanocomposites in a Plasma- Chemical Process;268
6.3.4;6.4 Radiolysis in Polymer Solutions;273
6.3.5;6.5 Photolysis of Metal-Polymer Systems as Means of Obtaining Nanocomposites;275
6.3.6;6.6 Electrochemical Methods of Nanocomposite Formation;280
6.3.7;References;283
7;Hybrid Polymer–Inorganic Nanocomposites;290
7.1;7 The Sol–Gel Process in Formation of Hybrid Nanocomposites;292
7.1.1;7.1 General Characteristics of Sol–Gel Reactions;293
7.1.2;7.2 A Combination of Polymerization Reactions and In Situ Sol– Gel Synthesis of Nanocomposites;298
7.1.3;7.3 Sol–Gel Syntheses in the Presence of Polymers;308
7.1.4;7.4 Morphology and Fractal Model of Hybrid Nanocomposites;317
7.1.5;7.5 Nanocomposites Incorporating Multimetallic Ceramics;319
7.1.6;References;330
7.2;8 Polymer Intercalation into Porous and Layered Nanostructures;340
7.2.1;8.1 A General Description of the Intercalation Process;340
7.2.2;8.2 Polymerization into the Basal (Interlayer) Space;346
7.2.3;8.3 The Macromolecules Introducing into the Layered Host Lattices;355
7.2.4;8.4 Intercalation Nanocomposites of Polymer/ Metal Chalcogenide Type;364
7.2.5;8.5 Langmuir–Blodgett Metallopolymer Films as Self- Organized Hybrid Nanocomposites;370
7.2.6;References;382
7.3;9 Nanobiocomposites;396
7.3.1;9.1 Basic Notions of Metal-Containing Protein Systems;397
7.3.2;9.2 Metal Nanoparticles in Immunochemistry, Cytochemistry and Medicine;403
7.3.3;9.3 Biosorption, Selective Heterocoagulation and Bacterial Concentration of Metal Nanoparticles;409
7.3.4;9.4 Sol–Gel Process as a Way of Template- Synthesized Nanobioceramics;418
7.3.5;9.5 Biomineralization and Bioinorganic Nanocomposites;422
7.3.6;References;434
8;The Main Applications of Metal– Polymeric Nanocomposites;442
8.1;10 Nanoparticle Modifying Action on Polymers;446
8.1.1;10.1 The Control of Physico-Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites;447
8.1.2;10.2 The Peculiarity of Nanocomposites, Synthesized by Sol– Gel Methods;450
8.1.3;10.3 Polyolefin-Based Nanocomposites;453
8.1.4;10.4 Polymer Matrix Structurization in Nanocomposites;456
8.1.5;10.5 The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Metallopolymer Nanocomposites;461
8.1.6;10.6 Nanocomposites in Adhesion Compounds ( Contacts) and Tribopolymers;465
8.1.7;10.7 New Trends in Material Science Connected with Metallopolymeric Nanocomposites;469
8.1.8;References;472
8.2;11 Magnetic, Electrical and Optical Properties of Metal– Polymer Nanocomposites;478
8.2.1;11.1 Metallopolymeric Composites with Magnetic Properties;479
8.2.2;11.2 Electrical Characteristics of Metallopolymer Composites;492
8.2.3;11.3 Optical and Semiconductive Properties of Metal– Polymer Nanosystems;505
8.2.4;References;520
8.3;12 Metallopolymeric Nanocatalysis;534
8.3.1;12.1 A General Survey of Metallopolymer Catalysis;535
8.3.2;12.2 Hydrogenization Processes;536
8.3.3;12.3 Nanocatalysis of Reactions, Traditionally Perfomed with Homogeneous Metallocomplexes;551
8.3.4;12.4 Nanocatalysis in Polymerization Processes;554
8.3.5;12.5 Polymer-Protected Nanoparticles in Photocatalysis;559
8.3.6;12.6 Metallopolymeric Nanocomposites in Catalysis;562
8.3.7;References;563
8.4;13 Conclusion;570
9;Index;574