Powell / Hendricks The Welfare State in Post-Industrial Society

A Global Perspective
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-1-4419-0066-1
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 375 Seiten

In recent years, major social forces such as: ageing populations, social trends, migration patterns, and the globalization of economies, have reshaped social welfare policies and practices across the globe. Multinational corporations, NGOs, and other international organizations have begun to influence social policy at a national and local level. Among the many ramifications of these changes is that globalizing influences may hinder the ability of individual nation-states to effect policies that are beneficial to them on a local level. With contributions from thirteen countries worldwide, this collected work represents the first major comparative analysis on the effect of globalization on the international welfare state. The Welfare State in Post-Industrial Society is divided into two major sections: the first draws from a number of leading social welfare researchers from diverse countries who point to the nation-state as case studies; highlighting how it goes about establishing and revising social welfare provisions. The second portion of the volume then moves to a more global perspective in its analysis and questioning of the impact of globalization on citizenship, ageing and marketization. The Welfare State in Post-Industrial Society seeks to encourage debate about the implications of the most pressing social welfare issues in nation-states, and integrate analyses of policy and practice in particular countries struggling to provide social welfare support for their needy populations.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Powell, Jason L.

Hendricks, Jon

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Contents;5
2;Contributors;7
3;Part 1: Rethinking Social Welfare in a Post-industrial World;9
3.1;1 The Welfare State in Post-industrial Society: The Lay of the Land;10
3.1.1;Introduction;10
3.1.1.1;The Shape of Well-Being and Inequality;10
3.1.2;Globalization and Jurisdiction;12
3.1.3;Globalization and the Social Contract;15
3.1.3.1;Corollaries of Public Policy;18
3.1.4;Making Sense of Welfare Policies;20
3.1.4.1;Gaining Perspective;21
3.1.4.1.1;Principal Themes;22
3.1.5;References;23
3.2;2 Social Quality in Post-industrial Societies: The Growth of Migrant Remittances in International Social Welfare;26
3.2.1;Introduction: Impact of Globalization;26
3.2.2;Social Quality;27
3.2.2.1;The Architecture of Social Quality;27
3.2.3;Social Quality and Migration: Ethnos Community Social Quality: New Forms of Solidarity;30
3.2.4;International Welfare - Migrant Remittance Funds: Changes to the Welfare State;33
3.2.5;Social Quality, Migration, and Remittances: Post-industrialism and the Nation-State;34
3.2.5.1;Socioeconomic Security: Relationship of Work and Welfare;35
3.2.5.1.1;Financial Resources;35
3.2.5.1.1.1;Macro-level Consequences;35
3.2.5.1.1.2;Micro-level Consequences;36
3.2.5.1.1.3;Income Sufficiency;37
3.2.5.1.1.4;Income Security;37
3.2.5.1.2;Housing and Environment;37
3.2.5.1.3;Health and Care;38
3.2.5.1.4;Work;38
3.2.5.1.5;Education;38
3.2.5.2;Social Cohesion, Social Inclusion, and Social Empowerment: Shifts in the Nature of Citizenship;39
3.2.5.3;Cross-Border Ties;39
3.2.6;Conclusion;41
3.2.7;Appendix 1 Largest Recipients of Remittance in Developing Countries in Dollars and Percent of GDP;42
3.2.8;Appendix B: Ways of Spending Remittances (Percent) by Household Migration Status in Turkey;43
3.2.9;References;43
3.3;3 Aging in Post-industrial Societies: Intergenerational Conflict and Solidarity;47
3.3.1;Introduction;47
3.3.2;Mannheim, Bourdieu, and Generations: Issues of Equality and Identity;48
3.3.3;Post-industrialism, Aging, and Economic Pressures on the Welfare State;50
3.3.4;New Sites of Vulnerability;52
3.3.5;Threats to the Welfare State and Intergenerational Linkages;53
3.3.6;Erosion of Solidarity: A Case Study on the Relationship of Work and Welfare;55
3.3.7;Concluding Thoughts on Intergenerational Solidarity;58
3.3.8;References;60
3.4;4 Social Welfare, Aging, and Globalization in a Post-industrial Society;63
3.4.1;Introduction;63
3.4.2;Post-Industrialism and the Nation-State;63
3.4.3;Issues of Aging and Post-Industrialism;65
3.4.4;Globalization and Changes to the Welfare State;67
3.4.4.1;Globalization and the New Social Welfare: The Role of Ideology;68
3.4.4.2;Globalization and Welfare: The Role of Pensions;69
3.4.4.3;Globalization and Welfare: The Role of Transnational Communities;70
3.4.5;Conclusion: Transforming Social Welfare in a Global Context;72
3.4.6;References;74
3.5;5 In Search of a New Welfare State in Europe: An International Perspective;77
3.5.1;Introduction: In Search of a New Welfare State in Europe;77
3.5.2;A Sequence of Profound Reforms;80
3.5.3;Post-industrial Social Change and Economic Internationalization;84
3.5.4;Understanding Welfare Recalibration;91
3.5.5;A New Welfare Edifice;97
3.5.5.1;Child-Centered Social Investment Strategy;98
3.5.5.2;Human Capital Investment Push;99
3.5.5.3;Flexicure Labor Markets for All;99
3.5.5.4;Later and Flexible Retirement;100
3.5.5.5;Migration and Integration Through Participation;101
3.5.5.6;Strong Safety Nets;101
3.5.5.7;European Social Narrative;102
3.5.6;References;102
3.6;6 Gender, Marriage, and Family in Post-industrial Society: An International Perspective;105
3.6.1;Introduction;105
3.6.2;Changing Household Composition and Family Structure: An Overview;106
3.6.3;Changing Unions: Marriage, Cohabitation, and Divorce;108
3.6.3.1;The Changing Character of Marriage;110
3.6.3.2;Divorce and Dissolution;113
3.6.4;Changing Fertility and Family Size;115
3.6.4.1;Parental Leave Policies;119
3.6.5;Child Care;121
3.6.5.1;Domestic Migrant Workers: Transnational Mothers;123
3.6.5.2;Child-Rearing/Family Leave and Family Allowance Policies;124
3.6.6;Conclusion;126
3.6.7;References;127
3.7;7 Health and Health Care in Post-industrial Society;131
3.7.1;Introduction;131
3.7.2;Changing Philosophies Behind Health Policy;132
3.7.2.1;Neoliberalism;132
3.7.2.2;Social Democracy;133
3.7.3;The Example of New Zealand;138
3.7.4;Conclusion;144
3.7.5;References;144
3.8;8 Post-industrial Society and Aging in a Global World: The Demographic Context of Social Welfare;147
3.8.1;Introduction: From Industrialism to Post-industrialism;147
3.8.2;New Sites of Vulnerability;148
3.8.3;Aging and Post-industrialism;150
3.8.3.1;Contested Identity;152
3.8.3.2;Issues of Equality and Global Aging;161
3.8.4;References;163
3.9;9 On the Road to Welfare Markets: Institutional, Organizational, and Cultural Dynamics of a New European Welfare State Settlement;166
3.9.1;Introduction;166
3.9.2;Social Welfare Going Market;167
3.9.3;Institutional Varieties of Welfare Markets;169
3.9.4;The New Organizational Settlement;172
3.9.5;The Impact of Welfare Markets;175
3.9.6;Culture Matters;176
3.9.7;Conclusion;178
3.9.8;References;179
4;Part 2: Social Welfare in Post-industrial Societies: International Comparisons;183
4.1;10 A Nordic Welfare State in Post-industrial Society;184
4.1.1;Introduction;184
4.1.2;Impact of Globalization on Welfare Politics;187
4.1.3;In Front of Globalization: Finland, an Unusual Nordic Welfare State;188
4.1.4;The Post-industrial Welfare State: Promoting Social Investment;190
4.1.5;Changes to the Finnish Welfare State: The Privatization of Care;192
4.1.6;Changes to the Finnish Welfare State: The Informalization of Care;194
4.1.7;A New Form of Universalism Suited for the Post-industrial Society?;197
4.1.8;Conclusion;199
4.1.9;References;200
4.2;11 Citizenship and Education in Post-industrial Societies;203
4.2.1;Introduction;203
4.2.2;Citizenship, Education, and Social Contract Theory;206
4.2.3;Post-Industrialism and the Welfare State;208
4.2.3.1;Changes to the Welfare State;210
4.2.4;Citizenship and Local Civil Society;212
4.2.5;Conclusion: New Forms of Solidarity;215
4.2.6;References;216
4.3;12 England and Wales: The Criminal Justice System in ‘Post-industrial Society’;218
4.3.1;Introduction;218
4.3.2;‘Post-industrial Society’;221
4.3.3;Globalization;224
4.3.4;Crime, Citizenship, and the Welfare State;229
4.3.5;Developments and Trends in the ‘Post-industrial’ Landscape: Clues to the Future?;231
4.3.6;Concluding Observations;233
4.3.7;References;234
4.4;13 Canada: New Ideology and Social Assistance in Post-industrial Society;236
4.4.1;Introduction;236
4.4.2;Canadian Welfare: Post-industrialism and the Nation-State;237
4.4.3;Impact of Globalization: New Priorities for State Investment;241
4.4.4;Changes to the Welfare State;243
4.4.5;Changing Ideologies;245
4.4.5.1;Purpose of Act;247
4.4.6;New Forms of Solidarity;248
4.4.7;Conclusion;249
4.4.8;References;250
4.5;14 United States: Social Welfare Policy and Privatization in Post-industrial Society;253
4.5.1;Introduction: Globalization and Social Welfare Policy in the United States;253
4.5.1.1;Post-industrialism and the Nation State: Work and Welfare, Identity and Citizenship;255
4.5.1.1.1;Cities and Citizenship in the Post-industrial United States;256
4.5.1.1.2;Race and Welfare Reform;256
4.5.1.1.3;Political Realignment;257
4.5.1.2;Changes to the Welfare State: Ideology, Multiculturalism, Marketization, Privatization;258
4.5.1.2.1;The Privatization of US Social Welfare;258
4.5.1.2.2;Religious Provision of Social Welfare in Post-industrial Society;260
4.5.1.2.3;American Exceptionalism;260
4.5.1.2.4;Antiwelfare Ideology;261
4.5.1.2.5;The Impact of Welfare Reform;262
4.5.1.2.6;The US Workfare Regime;262
4.5.1.2.7;Welfare State Transformation and Social Work;264
4.5.1.3;New Forms of Solidarity: Intergenerational and Cross-National Linkages;265
4.5.2;Conclusion;266
4.5.3;References;267
4.6;15 Australia: Contemporary Issues and Debates on the Social Welfare System;271
4.6.1;Introduction;271
4.6.1.1;The Colonial Settlement Period;273
4.6.1.2;Federation and Beyond: 1901-1980s;273
4.6.1.3;The Wage-Earner’s Welfare State;275
4.6.1.4;Public and Private Sector Welfare Delivery: The Mixed Economy of Welfare;276
4.6.1.5;Post-industrialism and the Australian Nation-State: The 1980s and Beyond;277
4.6.1.6;Changes to Australia’s Wage-Earner’s Welfare State Under Neoliberal Welfare Reform;278
4.6.1.6.1;Changing Ideologies;278
4.6.1.6.2;Increased Marketization of Services;280
4.6.1.6.3;Emergence of the Job Network;281
4.6.1.6.4;Continued Growth in Welfare Spending;282
4.6.1.6.5;Changes to Benefit Arrangements;285
4.6.2;Conclusion;286
4.6.3;References;288
4.7;16 South Africa and Post-industrialism: Developmental Social Welfare - A Policy Framework for Social Services with Children;292
4.7.1;Introduction;292
4.7.2;Post-industrialism and the Nation-State;294
4.7.3;Inequality, Work and Welfare;295
4.7.4;Socioeconomic and Political Context Within a Global Framework;296
4.7.4.1;Vulnerability of Children and Families;297
4.7.5;Investment of the State in Developmental Social Welfare;298
4.7.5.1;Changes to the Welfare State;299
4.7.5.2;Legal Framework for Children’s Rights: New Ideology for Child Welfare;300
4.7.5.2.1;Children’s Right to Social Services;300
4.7.5.2.2;Children’s Right to Social Assistance;302
4.7.6;Challenges for Developmental Social Services to Children;304
4.7.6.1;Social Service Practitioners;304
4.7.6.2;Allocation of Budgets and Capacity Building;305
4.7.6.3;Partnerships Between Government and Not-for-Profit Organizations (NPOs);305
4.7.6.4;Funding of NPOs;305
4.7.7;Conclusion;306
4.7.8;References;307
4.8;17 Privatization Trends in Welfare Services and Their Impact upon Israel as a Welfare State;310
4.8.1;Introduction;310
4.8.2;The Concept of Privatization in the Context of Personal Welfare Services;311
4.8.3;The Pros and Cons of Implementing Privatization Policy in Welfare Services;313
4.8.4;The Scope of Privatization of Personal Welfare Services;318
4.8.4.1;Services for the Elderly;318
4.8.4.2;Services for Children;319
4.8.4.3;Services for the Mentally Challenged;319
4.8.5;Factors Influencing the Implementation of Privatization Policy;320
4.8.6;Implementation of Partial Privatization in Welfare Services - Preliminary Conclusions;322
4.8.7;Summary;328
4.8.8;References;329
4.9;18 South Korea: Balancing Social Welfare in Post-industrial Society;332
4.9.1;Introduction;332
4.9.2;Social Assistance Program;333
4.9.3;Employment Insurance System;335
4.9.4;Pension System;336
4.9.5;Health Insurance System;338
4.9.6;Challenges for Welfare System in Future;340
4.9.7;References;343
5;Index;345