Procházka Fluorescence Studies of Polymer Containing Systems

1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-3-319-26788-3
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 16, 306 Seiten

Reihe: Springer Series on Fluorescence

This volume describes the application of fluorescence spectroscopy in polymer research. The first chapters outline the basic principles of the conformational and dynamic behavior of polymers and review the problems of polymer self-assembly. Subsequent chapters introduce the theoretical principles of advanced fluorescence methods and typical examples of their application in polymer science. The book closes with several reviews of various fluorescence applications for studying specific aspects of polymer-solution behavior. It is a useful resource for polymer scientists and experts in fluorescence spectroscopy alike, facilitating their communication and cooperation.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Procházka, Karel

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;8
2;Contents;10
3;Conformational and Dynamic Behavior of Polymer and Polyelectrolyte Chains in Dilute Solutions;11
3.1;1 Neutral Chains;12
3.2;2 Comments on the Differences Between Dilute and Concentrated Solutions;20
3.3;3 Polyelectrolyte Chains;21
3.4;4 Comments on Computer Studies of Polymer Conformations and Dynamics;27
3.5;5 The Persistence Length;29
3.6;References;32
4;Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Block Copolymers in Selective Solvents;37
4.1;1 Introduction;39
4.2;2 Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Micelles;40
4.2.1;2.1 General Features;40
4.2.2;2.2 Micelle Preparation;41
4.2.3;2.3 Micellar Morphology;42
4.2.3.1;2.3.1 Spherical Micelles;42
4.2.3.2;2.3.2 Cylindrical Micelles;45
4.2.3.3;2.3.3 Polymersomes;46
4.2.3.4;2.3.4 Other Morphologies;50
4.2.4;2.4 Micelle Characterisation: Experimental Techniques;52
4.2.4.1;2.4.1 Microscopy Techniques;52
4.2.4.2;2.4.2 Scattering Techniques;52
4.2.4.3;2.4.3 Spectroscopic Techniques;53
4.2.4.4;2.4.4 Other Techniques;54
4.2.5;2.5 Theoretical Aspects of Micellisation;54
4.3;3 Representative Amphiphilic Block Copolymer-Selective Solvent Systems;57
4.3.1;3.1 Amphiphilic Copolymers in Organic Solvents;57
4.3.2;3.2 Amphiphilic Block Copolymers in Aqueous Solutions;59
4.3.2.1;3.2.1 Nonionic Amphiphilic Block Copolymers;60
4.3.2.2;3.2.2 Ionic Amphiphilic Block Copolymers;61
4.4;4 Potential Applications and Conclusions;63
4.5;References;64
5;Electrostatically Driven Assembly of Polyelectrolytes;74
5.1;1 Electrostatically Driven Self- and Co-assembly;75
5.1.1;1.1 Nomenclature;75
5.2;2 Fundamentals of Electrostatically Driven Assembly;77
5.2.1;2.1 Thermodynamics;77
5.2.2;2.2 Stoichiometry;79
5.2.3;2.3 Composition;81
5.2.4;2.4 Morphology;82
5.2.5;2.5 Stability;84
5.2.6;2.6 Exchange Dynamics and Formation/Dissolution Kinetics;85
5.3;3 Applications of Electrostatically Driven Assembly;86
5.3.1;3.1 Responsive Materials;87
5.3.2;3.2 Multicompartment Micelles;88
5.4;References;89
6;Theoretical Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy;99
6.1;1 Introduction;100
6.2;2 The Jablonski Diagram and Characteristics of Time-Dependent Fluorescence;101
6.3;3 Fluorescence Quenching;109
6.4;4 Resonance Energy Transfer;110
6.5;5 The Solvent Relaxation Method;114
6.6;6 Solvent Relaxation in Heterogeneous Systems;118
6.7;7 Time-Resolved Fluorescence Anisotropy;120
6.8;8 Models of Rotational Diffusion (RD) and Their Advanced Variants;122
6.9;9 Fluorescence Anisotropy in a System of Flexible Fluorescent Molecules;127
6.10;10 Rigid Molecules in Anisotropic Medium;132
6.11;11 Excimers and Exciplexes;135
6.12;12 The Effect of Ground-State Aggregation on Fluorescence Spectra;140
6.13;Appendix: Simple Quantum Mechanics Explanation of Nondegenerate Transitions Between Energy Levels in ``J´´ and ``H´´ Dimers;148
6.14;References;150
7;Historical Perspective of Advances in Fluorescence Research on Polymer Systems;158
7.1;1 Introduction;159
7.2;2 Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Studies of Polymer Systems;160
7.3;3 Excimer Studies of Polymer Miscibility;167
7.4;4 Fluorescence Depolarization Studies of the Dynamics of Dilute Polymer Solutions;168
7.5;5 Dynamics of Concentrated Solutions and Polymer Melts;172
7.6;6 Fluorescence Depolarization Studies of Chain Conformations in Dilute Solutions;174
7.7;7 Comments on Self-Assembly Studies;182
7.8;8 Comments of Fluorescence Studies of pi-Conjugated Polymers;189
7.9;References;196
8;Fluorescence Spectroscopy Studies of Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Micelles in Aqueous Solutions;210
8.1;1 Introduction;210
8.2;2 Polarity-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes;212
8.3;3 Fluorescence Quenching;216
8.4;4 Fluorescent pH Indicators;219
8.5;5 Conclusions;220
8.6;References;220
9;Pyrene-Labeled Water-Soluble Macromolecules as Fluorescent Mimics of Associative Thickeners;223
9.1;1 Introduction;224
9.2;2 Fluorescence Decay Analysis;227
9.3;3 Applications of the FBM and MFA;231
9.4;4 Conclusions;255
9.5;References;256
10;Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Studies of Polymer Systems;260
10.1;1 Introduction;261
10.2;2 FCS Measurements and Analysis;262
10.2.1;2.1 FCS Setup;262
10.2.2;2.2 Autocorrelation Analysis;262
10.2.3;2.3 Analysis of Translational Diffusion;265
10.2.4;2.4 Analysis of Anomalous Diffusion;266
10.2.5;2.5 Full Correlation FCS to Detect Triplet Kinetics, Rotational Diffusion, and Fluorescence Antibunching;268
10.3;3 Technical Variations of FCS;269
10.3.1;3.1 Dual-Focus FCS;270
10.3.2;3.2 Total Internal Reflection FCS: Investigation of Interfaces;270
10.3.3;3.3 Superresolution in FCS;271
10.3.4;3.4 Temperature Control in FCS;271
10.4;4 Limitations of FCS;272
10.4.1;4.1 Refractive Index Changes;272
10.4.2;4.2 Spatial Resolution;273
10.4.3;4.3 Choice of the Fluorescent Probes;273
10.5;5 FCS in Polymer Solutions;274
10.6;6 Diffusion of Small Molecular Probes;276
10.7;7 Diffusion of Macromolecular Probes;277
10.8;8 Diffusion of Nanoparticles in Polymers;279
10.9;9 FCS in Polymer Gels;280
10.10;10 FCS in Charged Polymer Systems;282
10.11;11 FCS in Responsive Polymers;282
10.12;12 FCS in Polymeric Systems Near Interfaces;286
10.13;13 FCS in Polymeric Micellar Systems;287
10.14;14 Comparison of FCS with Other Methods;291
10.15;15 FCS and Simulations;292
10.16;16 Conclusion and Outlook;293
10.17;References;294
11;Index;303