Communication Acoustics

An Introduction to Speech, Audio and Psychoacoustics
2. Auflage 2027
ISBN: 978-1-394-36727-6
Verlag: John Wiley & Sons Inc

Buch, Englisch, 528 Seiten

Master communication acoustics with AI, spatial audio, and VR

The newly revised second edition of Communication Acoustics provides graduate students and professionals with comprehensive foundations in auditory perception, signal processing, and modern computational methods. The authors integrate traditional psychoacoustic principles with cutting-edge developments in machine learning, sound and music computing, spatial audio, and immersive virtual reality audio systems.

This updated edition includes a broad and comprehensive introduction to machine learning techniques used in different branches of audio, speech, and technical audiology. Coverage includes recent advances in spatial audio rendering, VR audio systems, computational auditory modeling, sound quality measurement, electroacoustic transducers, and hearing aid processing. Python programming examples with comprehensive teaching materials support hands-on learning and practical application.

Readers will find: - Machine learning using neural architectures and methods directly applicable in audio and speech technologies
- Spatial audio for virtual reality including 6DOF rendering, head tracking, and advanced HRIR individualization techniques
- Comprehensive view to sound and music computing, from audio coding to sound synthesis, audio effects, and reverberation
- Updated content on loudspeakers and microphones, source directivity, musical instrument physics, and physical modeling of musical instruments
- Psychoacoustics including new imagery of the cochlea, perceptual cues, listening tests and psychoacoustic quantities
- Python programming examples with supplementary teaching slides and project instructions to support hands-on learning and course implementation

Communication Acoustics is an ideal resource for graduate students in electrical engineering, PhD researchers in acoustics, and industrial R&D professionals. By integrating psychoacoustic principles with advances in AI, spatial audio, and VR technologies, the book prepares readers for next-generation solutions.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Pulkki, Ville

Karjalainen, Matti

Fachgebiete

• Mathematik | Informatik EDV | Informatik Informatik Tonsignalverarbeitung
• Technische Wissenschaften Sonstige Technologien | Angewandte Technik Akustik, Tontechnik
• Technische Wissenschaften Elektronik | Nachrichtentechnik Nachrichten- und Kommunikationstechnik
• Sozialwissenschaften Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften Kommunikationswissenschaften
• Technische Wissenschaften Sonstige Technologien | Angewandte Technik Signalverarbeitung, Bildverarbeitung, Scanning

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Preface to Second Edition xix

Introduction 1

1 How to Study and Develop Communication Acoustics 7
1.1 Domains of Knowledge 7
1.2 Methodology of Research and Development 8
1.3 Systems Approach to Modelling 10
1.4 Focus of the Book 12
1.5 Intended Audience 13

2 Physics of Sound 15
2.1 Vibration and Wave Behaviour of Sound 15
2.2 Acoustic Measures and Quantities 22
2.3 Wave Phenomena 26
2.4 Sound in Closed Spaces: Acoustics of Rooms and Halls 34

3 Signal Processing and Signals 43
3.1 Signals 43
3.2 Fundamental Concepts of Signal Processing 46
3.3 Digital Signal Processing (DSP) 55
3.4 Hidden Markov Models 61
3.5 Concepts of Intelligent and Learning Systems 62

4 Electroacoustics and Responses of Audio Systems 65
4.1 Audio System Responses 65
4.2 Electroacoustics 73
4.3 Response Equalization 84

5 Human Voice 87
5.1 Speech Production 87
5.2 Units and Notation of Speech used in Phonetics 92
5.3 Modelling of Speech Production 98
5.4 Singing Voice 104

6 Acoustic Musical Instruments 107
6.1 Types of Acoustic Musical Instruments 107
6.2 Resonators in Instruments 108
6.3 Sources of Excitation 110
6.4 Controlling the Frequency of Vibration 111
6.5 Combining the Excitation and Resonant Structures 113
6.6 Envelope of Sounds 113

7 Physiology and Anatomy of Hearing 115
7.1 Global Structure of the Ear 115
7.2 External Ear 116
7.3 Middle Ear 117
7.4 Inner Ear 119
7.5 Otoacoustic Emissions 128
7.6 Auditory Nerve 129
7.7 Auditory Nervous System 132

8 The Approach and Methodology of Psychoacoustics 137
8.1 Sound Events Versus Auditory Events 137
8.2 Psychophysical Functions 139
8.3 Generation of Sound Events 139
8.4 Selection of Subjects for Listening Tests 141
8.5 What Are We Measuring? 142
8.6 Tasks for Subjects 145
8.7 Basic Psychoacoustic Test Methods 146
8.8 Descriptive Sensory Analysis 149
8.9 Physiological Measurements 153
8.10 Psychoacoustic Tests from the Point of View of Statistics 153

9 Basic Function of Hearing 157
9.1 Effective Hearing Area 157
9.2 Spectral Masking 160
9.3 Temporal Masking 165
9.4 Frequency Selectivity of Hearing 167

10 Basic Psychoacoustic Quantities 175
10.1 Pitch 175
10.2 Loudness 183
10.3 Timbre 192
10.4 Subjective Duration of Sound 193

11 Further Analysis in Hearing 197
11.1 Sharpness 197
11.2 Detection of Modulation and Sound Onset 199
11.3 Roughness 201
11.4 Tonality 203
11.5 Discrimination of Changes in Signal Magnitude and Phase Spectra 204
11.6 Psychoacoustic Concepts and Music 210
11.7 Perceptual Organization of Sound 215

12 Spatial Hearing 223
12.1 Concepts and Definitions for Spatial Hearing 223
12.2 Head-related Acoustics 226
12.3 Localization Cues 230
12.4 Localization Accuracy 238
12.5 Directional Hearing in Enclosed Spaces 243
12.6 Binaural Advantages in Timbre Perception 245
12.7 Perception of Source Distance 247

13 Auditory Modelling 251
13.1 Simple Psychoacoustic Modelling in Time–Frequency Domain 252
13.2 Time-domain Auditory Models 257
13.3 Modelling of Higher-level Systemic Properties 262
13.4 Models of Spatial Hearing 267
13.5 Python Examples 272

14 Time–Frequency-domain Processing of Audio 281
14.1 Basic Techniques and Concepts for Time–Frequency Processing 281
14.2 Time–Frequency Transforms 287

15 Machine learning 299
15.1 Training Deep Neural Networks 299
15.2 Neural Network Architectures 301
15.3 Feature Representations 305
15.4 Loss Functions 308
15.5 Generative models 311
15.6 Implicit Neural Representations 313

16 Sound Reproduction 319
16.1 Need for Sound Reproduction 319
16.2 Audio Content Production 320
16.3 Measuring and Controlling Programme Loudness 321
16.4 Listening Setups 322
16.5 Recording Techniques 327

17 Spatial Audio 335
17.1 Basic concepts 335
17.2 Amplitude Panning 336
17.3 Time Delay Panning 340
17.4 Wave Field Synthesis 340
17.5 Controlling the Distance of Virtual Sources 342
17.6 Spatial Audio Reproduction with Ambisonics 343
17.7 Parametric Time–Frequency-domain Reproduction 351
17.8 Spatial Effects and Super-hearing 356
17.9 Binaural Techniques 35617.10 Beamforming 363

18 Virtual reality 369
18.1 Basic Concepts 369
18.2 Sound in VR 371
18.3 Modelling Sound Propagation Path 373
18.4 Six-degrees-of-freedom Reproduction 376
18.5 Rendering Audio in VR 377

19 Sound and Music Computing 383
19.1 Coding of Audio Signals 383
19.2 Spatial Audio Coding and Up-mixing 386
19.3 Sound Synthesis in Music 390
19.4 Differentiable DSP 394
19.5 Procedural Audio Synthesis 395
19.6 Digital Audio Effects 396
19.7 Reverberators 397
19.8 Sonic Interaction Design 400
19.9 Computational Auditory Scene Analysis, CASA 401
19.10 Music Information Retrieval 402
19.11 Miscellaneous Applications 404

20 Speech Technologies 411
20.1 Speech Coding 411
20.2 Text-to-Speech Synthesis 415
20.3 Speech Recognition 424

21 Sound Quality 431
21.1 Historical Background of Sound Quality 432
21.2 The Many Facets of Sound Quality 433
21.3 Immersion 434
21.4 Systemic Framework for Sound Quality 435
21.5 Subjective Sound Quality Measurement 436
21.6 Audio Quality 438
21.7 Monaural Quality 439
21.8 Spatial Audio Quality 443
21.9 Audio Quality in Virtual and Augmented Reality 446
21.10 Quality of Speech Communication 447
21.11 Measuring Speech Understandability with the Modulation Transfer Function 450
21.12 Objective Speech Quality Measurement for Telecommunication 456
21.13 Sound Quality in Auditoria and Concert Halls 460
21.14 Noise Quality 464
21.15 Product Sound Quality 465

22 Technical Audiology 471
22.1 Hearing Impairments and Disabilities 471
22.2 Symptoms and Consequences of Hearing Impairments 474
22.3 The Effect of Noise on Hearing 478
22.4 Audiometry 483
22.5 Hearing Aids 487
22.6 Implantable Hearing Solutions 492

References 496
Index 499

Über Autor(innen)

Ville Pulkki is a Professor of Acoustics in the Acoustics Lab, Department of Information and Communications Engineering at Aalto University. He was awarded the AES Silver Medal in 2017 for exceptional contributions in spatial audio techniques. He’s a Fellow of the Audio Engineering Society.

Matti Karjalainen†, was Head of the Laboratory of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing at Helsinki University of Technology. He received the AES Silver Medal in 2006 and IEEE Fellowship in 2009.