Pungor Ion-Selective Electrodes

Proceedings of the Fifth Symposium Held at Matrafured, Hungary, 9-13 October, 1988
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8723-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 692 Seiten, Web PDF

This volume presents recent developments and the state-of-the-art of ion-selective electrodes, taken from discussions and papers presented at the 5th Symposium, held at Matrafured in Hungary. Contains 44 papers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Pungor, E.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Ion-Selective Electrodes, 5;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Preface;6
6;List of Participants;14
7;PART 1: INVITED LECTURES;18
7.1;Chapter 1. Electrochemistry of Passive Membranes with Neutral Carriers;20
7.1.1;INTRODUCTION;21
7.1.2;CLOSED-CIRCUIT SHUTTLE CARRIER MECHANISM AND NORMAL BEHAVIOR;21
7.1.3;AN EXPERIMENTAL EXAMPLE SHOWING NEARLY IDEAL BEHAVIOR;25
7.1.4;OMISSIONS FROM THE IDEALIZED THEORY;27
7.1.5;DONNAN EXCLUSION FAILURE;27
7.1.6;EXPERIMENTAL;30
7.1.7;RESULTS;30
7.1.8;SURFACE KINETICS;38
7.1.9;CONCLUSIONS;42
7.1.10;REFERENCES;43
7.1.11;Questions and Comments;45
7.2;Chapter 2. Electrochemical Model for Active Transport in Biomembranes;48
7.2.1;ABSTRACT;48
7.2.2;Acknowledgement;55
7.2.3;REFERENCES;55
7.2.4;Questions and Comments;57
7.3;Chapter 3. ISE Selectivity and Ion-exchange Kinetics;60
7.3.1;ABSTRACT;60
7.3.2;INTRODUCTION;61
7.3.3;EXPERIMENTAL;62
7.3.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;65
7.3.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;75
7.3.6;REFERENCES;75
7.3.7;Questions and Comments;77
7.4;Chapter 4. Chemically Modified Electrode for Liposome- Mediated Homogeneous Immunoassay;82
7.4.1;ABSTRACT;82
7.4.2;INTRODUCTION;83
7.4.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;85
7.4.4;CONCLUSION;95
7.4.5;REFERENCES;95
7.5;Chapter 5. Potentiometric Detection of Free and Liposome-Released Peroxidase in a Flow-Injection Analysis System;98
7.5.1;ABSTRACT;98
7.5.2;INTRODUCTION;98
7.5.3;EXPERIMENTAL;100
7.5.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;102
7.5.5;OPTIMIZATION OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND P-FLUOROPHENOL CONCENTRATIONS:;104
7.5.6;CONCLUSION;109
7.5.7;REFERENCES;110
7.5.8;Questions and Comments;112
7.6;Chapter 6. Gas Phase Biosensors;120
7.6.1;ABSTRACT;120
7.6.2;INTRODUCTION;120
7.6.3;THE PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTAL AND SURFACE ACCOUSTIC WAVE DETECTORS;121
7.6.4;ASSAY OF COCAINE;128
7.6.5;CONCLUSIONS;130
7.6.6;REFERENCES;130
7.7;Chapter 7. Mechanisms, Possibilities and Limitations of Carrier Based Ion Sensors;132
7.7.1;ABSTRACT;132
7.7.2;INTRODUCTION;132
7.7.3;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;144
7.7.4;REFERENCES;144
7.7.5;Questions and Comments;149
7.8;Chapter 8. New Sensors Based on Carrier Membrane Systems :Theory and Practice;158
7.8.1;ABSTRACT;158
7.8.2;INTRODUCTION;158
7.8.3;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;168
7.8.4;REFERENCES;168
7.8.5;Questions and Comments;170
7.9;Chapter 9. Ion-Selective Electrode Function and Solvent Extraction Parameters;178
7.9.1;ABSTRACT;178
7.9.2;INTRODUCTION;178
7.9.3;SOLVENT EXTRACTION OF POLYALKOXYLATE-CATIONIC COMPLEXES AND ISE PROPERTIES;181
7.9.4;ION PERMEATION THROUGH PVC TRAPPED LIQUID MEMBRANES;187
7.9.5;CONCLUSION;192
7.9.6;REFERENCES;193
7.9.7;Questions and Comments ;195
7.10;Chapter 10. New Directions in the Research of Solvent-Polymeric Membranes;198
7.10.1;ABSTRACT;198
7.10.2;INTRODUCTION;199
7.10.3;BIS-CROWN ETHERS AS LIGANDS FOR LIQUID MEMBRANE ELECTRODES;201
7.10.4;MECHANISTIC STUDIES;209
7.10.5;REFERENCES;221
7.10.6;Questions and Comments;224
7.11;Chapter 11. Chemical Sensor Mechanisms: Experimental Approaches;228
7.11.1;ABSTRACT;228
7.11.2;1. Introduction;228
7.11.3;2. Potentiometric Sensor for Organic Anions [1 ];229
7.11.4;3. Potentiometric Sensors for Neutral Molecules;233
7.11.5;4. Uphill Transport Membrane Sensors [13-16];237
7.11.6;5. Ion-Channel Sensors [20, 21];242
7.11.7;References;250
7.11.8;Questions and Comments;252
7.12;Chapter 12. Sensing Mechanism of Ion-Selective Chalcogenide Glass Electrodes;260
7.12.1;1. INTRODUCTION;260
7.12.2;2. MODIFIED SURFACE LAYER MODEL;262
7.12.3;3. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SURFACE AND BULK IONIC PROCESSES AND CHEMICAL DURABILITY OF THE MEMBRANE SURFACE;284
7.12.4;4.CONCLUSION;303
7.12.5;5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;304
7.12.6;6. REFERENCES;304
7.12.7;Questions and Comments;308
8;PART 2: ROUND TABLE DISCUSSION;312
8.1;Chapter 13. Model-Based Science Of Ion-Selective Electrodes.Methodological Background;314
8.1.1;1. Why models? - the role of models in science;314
8.1.2;2. Models and objects;315
8.1.3;3. How to build a model? - steps in model construction;316
8.1.4;4. How to verify a model? - testing the model and testing theassumptions;317
8.1.5;5. Theories and models: analysis and synthesis;317
8.1.6;6. Application of models in analytical chemistry;317
8.1.7;7. Models of ISE - past, presence and future;318
8.1.8;Questions and Comments;322
9;PART 3: DISCUSSION LECTURES;326
9.1;Chapter 13. Recovery of Chemical Information from Electrochemical Noise;328
9.1.1;ABSTRACT;328
9.1.2;ORIGIN OF NOISES;328
9.1.3;APPLICATION OF FLUCTUATION ANALYSIS;332
9.1.4;CONCLUSION;335
9.1.5;REFERENCES;335
9.1.6;Questions and Comments;336
9.2;Chapter 14. On the Most Critical Layer in the Glass Electrode Membrane;338
9.2.1;ABSTRACT;338
9.2.2;INTRODUCTION;338
9.2.3;DISCUSSION;338
9.2.4;REFERENCES;345
9.2.5;Questions and Comments;346
9.3;Chapter 15. Some Properties of Alkali-Sensitive Glass Electrodes;352
9.3.1;ABSTRACT;352
9.3.2;INTRODUCTION;352
9.3.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;353
9.3.4;REFERENCES;358
9.3.5;Questions and Comments;359
9.4;Chapter 16. Characteristics of the Iodide Sensor Based

Ruáiéka Selectrode for Cyanide Determination;362
9.4.1;ABSTRACT;362
9.4.2;INTRODUCTION;362
9.4.3;THEORY;363
9.4.4;EXPERIMENTAL;364
9.4.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;365
9.4.6;REFERENCES;370
9.4.7;Questions and Comments ;371
9.5;Chapter 17. The Calculation of emf for Cells with Irreversible Transport;374
9.5.1;ABSTRACT;374
9.5.2;INTRODUCTION;374
9.5.3;AN EXAMPLE OF THE CALCULATION;377
9.5.4;CONCLUSION;381
9.5.5;REFERENCES;381
9.5.6;QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS;382
9.5.7;Questions and Comments;382
9.6;Chapter 18. Interpretation of the Chloride Interference with the Copper Electrode Function;384
9.6.1;ABSTRACT;384
9.6.2;INTRODUCTION;384
9.6.3;EXPERIMENTAL;386
9.6.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;386
9.6.5;REFERENCES;392
9.7;Questions and Comments;393
9.8;Chapter 19. Potentiometric Titration of Phosphate Ions in Natural Waters;396
9.8.1;ABSTRACT;396
9.8.2;INTRODUCTION;396
9.8.3;EXPERIMENTAL;397
9.8.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;398
9.8.5;QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS;401
9.9;Chapter 20. Ion-Implantation for ISFET-Fabrication;404
9.9.1;ABSTRACT;404
9.9.2;INTRODUCTION;404
9.9.3;DIELECTRIC INSULATION;407
9.9.4;ION IMPLANTED ION SENSITIVE MEMBRANES;407
9.9.5;REFERENCES;411
9.9.6;Questions and Comments;413
9.10;Chapter 21. Electrical and Radiotracer Investigations of Ion-Selective Electrode Membranes;414
9.10.1;ABSTRACT;414
9.10.2;INTRODUCTION;414
9.10.3;ION EXCHANGE PROPERTIES OF THE MEMBRANES;415
9.10.4;SELECTIVITY OF ION EXCHANGE;417
9.10.5;INTERFACIAL RESISTANCE DUE TO SURFACTANTS;419
9.10.6;CONCLUSIONS;421
9.10.7;REFERENCES;421
9.10.8;Questions and Comments;423
9.11;Chapter 22. The Study of Processes Influencing Apparent Selectivity for Solid State Ion-Selective Electrodes;428
9.11.1;ABSTRACT;428
9.11.2;EXPERIMENTAL;429
9.11.3;THEORY;430
9.11.4;DISCUSSION;436
9.11.5;Acknowledgement;438
9.11.6;REFERENCES;439
9.11.7;Questions and Comments;441
9.12;Chapter 23. Experimental Study of the Liquid Junction Potential between Different Solvents. A Component Related to Ionic Solvations;442
9.12.1;ABSTRACT;442
9.12.2;INTRODUCTION;442
9.12.3;THEORY;444
9.12.4;EXPERIMENTAL;445
9.12.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;445
9.12.6;REFERENCES;449
9.12.7;Questions and Comments;451
9.13;Chapter 24. Silver Sulphide Selective Electrodes in Sulphide and Cyanide Solutions - The Question of E° Potentials;454
9.13.1;ABSTRACT;454
9.13.2;INTRODUCTION;454
9.13.3;EXPERIMENTAL;458
9.13.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;458
9.13.5;REFERENCES;461
9.13.6;Questions and Comments;462
9.14;Chapter 25. Oxidative Removal of Interferences in Flow-Injection Potentiometric Determination of Chloride ;464
9.14.1;ABSTRACT;464
9.14.2;INTRODUCTION;464
9.14.3;EXPERIMENTAL;465
9.14.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;467
9.14.5;CONCLUSIONS;473
9.14.6;REFERENCES;473
9.14.7;Questions and Comments;475
9.15;Chapter 26. Transient Techniques for Ion-Selective Membrane Studies;476
9.15.1;ABSTRACT;476
9.15.2;INTRODUCTION;476
9.15.3;REFERENCES;493
9.15.4;QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS;495
9.16;Chapter 27. Status of the Reference Method for the Determination of Ionized Ca in Serum, Plasma and Whole Blood;498
9.16.1;ABSTRACT;498
9.16.2;INTRODUCTION;498
9.16.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;501
9.16.4;REFERENCES;504
9.16.5;Questions and Comments;505
9.17;Chapter 28. Electrical Potential of Liquid and PVC Membranes, Containing both Neutral Carrier and Ion-Exchanger;508
9.17.1;ABSTRACT;508
9.17.2;INTRODUCTION;508
9.17.3;EQUATIONS;508
9.17.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;512
9.17.5;REFERENCES;517
9.17.6;Questions and Comments;518
9.18;Chapter 29. Cu(II) Electrode Function Dependence on the Membrane Composition for Selenide-Based All Solid-state Copper Ion-Selective Electrodes;520
9.18.1;ABSTRACT;520
9.18.2;INTRODUCTION;520
9.18.3;EXPERIMENTAL;521
9.18.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;522
9.18.5;CONCLUSIONS;530
9.18.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;530
9.18.7;REFERENCES;531
9.18.8;Questions and Comments;532
9.19;Chapter 30. Preparation and Characterization of PVC-Based Salicylate Electrodes;536
9.19.1;ABSTRACT;536
9.19.2;INTRODUCTION;536
9.19.3;EXPERIMENTAL;537
9.19.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;537
9.19.5;REFERENCES;542
9.19.6;Questions and Comments;543
9.20;Chapter 31. Bidentate Organophosphoxus Compounds as Neutral Carriers;546
9.20.1;ABSTRACT;546
9.20.2;INTRODUCTION;546
9.20.3;EXPERIMENTAL;546
9.20.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;547
9.20.5;REFERENCES;552
9.20.6;Questions and Comments;553
9.21;Chapter 32. Development of Some Surfactant Sensing Materials;554
9.21.1;ABSTRACT;554
9.21.2;INTRODUCTION;554
9.21.3;EXPERIMENTAL;556
9.21.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;557
9.21.5;REFERENCES;561
9.21.6;Questions and Comments;562
9.22;Chapter 33. The Application of Lead Ion-Selective Electrode for Study of Complex Formaiiion of Pb2+ ions with Histidine;564
9.22.1;ABSTRACT;564
9.22.2;INTRODUCTION;564
9.22.3;EXPERIMENTAL;565
9.22.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;565
9.22.5;REFERENCES;572
9.22.6;Questions and Comments;574
9.23;Chapter 34. Theory of Ion-Selective Electrodes — Amperometric ISE and Potentiometric ISE ;576
9.23.1;ABSTRACT;576
9.23.2;INTRODUCTION;576
9.23.3;POLARIZABLE OIL/WATER INTERFACES;577
9.23.4;ION-SELECTIVE ELECTRODES;582
9.23.5;REFERENCES;584
9.24;Chapter 35. Polymer Ion-Selective Electrode Membrane Optimisation for Solid-state Sensors;586
9.24.1;ABSTRACT;586
9.24.2;INTRODUCTION;586
9.24.3;EXPERIMENTAL;588
9.24.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;588
9.24.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;590
9.24.6;REFERENCES;590
9.24.7;Questions and Comments;591
9.25;Chapter 36. Performance Investigation of High Impedance In-Vivo Ion-Selective Electrodes in Electrically Perturbed Environment;594
9.25.1;ABSTRACT;594
9.25.2;INTRODUCTION;594
9.25.3;EXPERIMENTAL;596
9.25.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;597
9.25.5;REFERENCES;610
9.25.6;QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS;611
9.26;Chapter 37. Application of Ion-Selective Electrodes for Determining the Mean Activity Coefficients of Electrolytes (Exemplified by the NaCl + Na2SO4+H2O System) ;612
9.26.1;ABSTRACT;612
9.26.2;INTRODUCTION;612
9.26.3;EXPERIMENTAL;613
9.26.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;614
9.26.5;REFERENCES;622
9.26.6;Questions and Comments;624
9.27;Chapter 38. Potential Dynamics of Crystalline Ion-Selective Electrodes;628
9.27.1;ABSTRACT;628
9.27.2;INTRODUCTION;628
9.27.3;EXPERIMENTAL;629
9.27.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;631
9.27.5;REFERENCES;635
9.27.6;Questions and Comments;637
9.28;Chapter 39. Copper-Selective Field Effect Transistor (ISFET) with Chalcogenide Membrane;642
9.28.1;ABSTRACT;642
9.28.2;INTRODUCTION;642
9.28.3;EXPERIMENTAL;643
9.28.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;646
9.28.5;REFERENCES;655
9.29;Chapter 40. The Application of AC-Impedance Methods for the Determination of Kinetic Parameters of Ion- Selective Electrode Membranes;656
9.29.1;ABSTRACT;656
9.29.2;INTRODUCTION;656
9.29.3;MEASURING INSTRUMENT;658
9.29.4;MEMBRANE FACTOR CONTROL;660
9.29.5;MEASURING CONDITION CONTROL;663
9.29.6;REFERENCES;664
9.29.7;Questions and Comments;666
9.30;Chapter 41. Development and Physico-chemical Investigation of Ion-Selective Solid-State Membrane Electrodes for Lead, Copper and Cadmium Ions ;668
9.30.1;ABSTRACT;668
9.30.2;INTRODUCTION;668
9.30.3;EXPERIMENTAL;669
9.30.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;669
9.30.5;REFERENCES;675
9.30.6;Questions and Comments;676
10;PART 4: DEDICATION;682
10.1;Laudatio for Ernó Pungor's 65th birthday;684
10.2;Reflexions on the History of Analytical Chemistry in Hungary ;688
11;Subject Index;678