Racker / San Pietro Mechanisms in Bioenergetics

1. Auflage 2014
ISBN: 978-1-4832-6893-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 272 Seiten, Web PDF

Advanced Biochemistry: Mechanisms in Bioenergetics provides information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of the mechanisms in bioenergetics. This book covers a variety of topics, including the enzymatic mechanism of ATP formation and the regulatory mechanisms that control its metabolic utilization. Organized into three parts encompassing 18 lectures, this book begins with an overview of the process of converting nutrients into forms of useful energy, which is the essence of energy metabolism. This text then explores the properties that have a specific bearing on the problem of oxidative phosphorylation. Other lectures consider the phosphoroclastic reaction with pyruvate, which plays a curious and apparently specific role in nitrogen fixation. This book discusses as well the operation of control mechanisms of energy metabolism in intact cells. The final lecture analyzes the rate-limiting steps in carbohydrate metabolism of various cells and some of the metabolic factors that govern them. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Racker, Efraim

San Pietro, Anthony

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Mechanisms in Bioenergetics;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Preface;6
6;PREFACE;6
7;ABBREVIATIONS;12
8;PART I: FORMATION OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE IN SOLUBLE SYSTEMS;14
8.1;LECTURE 1. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS OF ENERGY PRODUCTION;16
8.1.1;Substrate Level Oxidative Phosphorylation;20
8.1.2;Phosphoroclastic Reactions;23
8.1.3;Dehydration of 2-Phosphoglycerate Catalyzed by Enolase;25
8.1.4;Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation;26
8.2;LECTURE 2. SUBSTRATE LEVEL OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (A);30
8.2.1;Oxidation of Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate;30
8.3;LECTURE 3. SUBSTRATE LEVEL OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (B);43
8.3.1;Oxidation of Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate;43
8.4;LECTURE 4. SUBSTRATE LEVEL OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION (C);58
8.4.1;Oxidation of Acetaldehyde in Bacteria;58
8.4.2;Aspartic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase;60
8.4.3;Oxidation of
.-Ketoglutarate and Pyruvate;60
8.4.4;Other Variants;66
8.5;LECTURE 5. PHOSPHOROCLASTIC REACTIONS: PHOSPHOKETOLASE;68
8.5.1;Phosphoketolase;68
8.6;LECTURE 6. OTHER PHOSPHOROCLASTIC REACTIONS;79
8.6.1;Reactions with Pyruvate;79
8.6.2;Phosphorolysis of a C—N Bond;84
8.6.3;Phosphorolysis of Thiol Esters;89
8.6.4;Dehydration of 2-Phosphoglycerate Catalyzed by Enolase;90
9;PART II: FORMATION OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE IN PARTICULATE SYSTEMS;94
9.1;LECTURE 7. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN MITOCHONDRIA;96
9.1.1;Stages of Discovery;96
9.1.2;Mitochondrial Enzymes;100
9.2;LECTURE 8. THE RESPIRATORY CHAIN;106
9.2.1;Cytochromes
. and .3;107
9.2.2;Cytochrome c;108
9.2.3;Cytochrome c1;108
9.2.4;Cytochrome b;109
9.2.5;Flavoproteins;109
9.2.6;Pyridine Nucleotides;110
9.2.7;Ubiquinone-Coenzyme Q;116
9.2.8;Phospholipids;118
9.2.9;Structural Protein;119
9.2.10;Electron Carriers;120
9.3;LECTURE 9. LOCALIZATION OF PHOSPHORYLATION SITES IN MITOCHONDRIA;121
9.3.1;The Crossover Point;121
9.3.2;Measurements of the Three Phosphorylation Sites;124
9.3.3;Thermodynamic Considerations;128
9.4;LECTURE 10. EXCHANGE REACTIONS IN OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION;130
9.4.1;The Pi32-ATP Exchange;131
9.4.2;Quantitative Evaluation;132
9.4.3;The ADP-ATP Exchange;137
9.4.4;The H2018-Pi and H2018-ATP Exchanges;139
9.5;LECTURE 11. PARTIAL REACTIONS OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION;142
9.5.1;ATPase;142
9.5.2;Reversal of Electron Transport;155
9.6;LECTURE 12. UNCOUPLERS AND INHIBITORS OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION;158
9.6.1;True Uncouplers of Oxidative Phosphorylation;159
9.6.2;Inhibitory Uncouplers;167
9.6.3;Inhibitors of Oxidative Phosphorylation;168
9.6.4;Inhibitors of Oxidation;171
9.7;LECTURE 13. SOLUBLE FACTORS AND INTERMEDIATES OF OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION;172
9.7.1;Nonprotein Factors;173
9.7.2;Protein Coupling Factors;176
9.8;LECTURE 14. THEORIES AND SPECULATIONS;191
9.8.1;Text;191
10;PART III: REGULATION OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE UTILIZATION IN MULTI-ENZYME SYSTEMS;204
10.1;LECTURE 15. STUDIES OF RECONSTRUCTED MULTI-ENZYME SYSTEMS;206
10.1.1;Text;206
10.2;LECTURE 16. APPROACHES TO THE METABOLISM OF INTACT CELLS AND TO THE RATE-LIMITING FACTORS IN ASCITES TUMOR CELLS;222
10.2.1;Rate-Limiting Factors in Ascites Tumor Cells;224
10.3;LECTURE 17. METABOLISM OF INTACT CELLS;239
10.3.1;Rate-Limiting Factors in HeLa Cells;239
10.3.2;Rate-Limiting Factors in Leukocytes and Brain;247
10.3.3;Rate-Limiting Factors in Muscle;249
10.4;LECTURE 18. INDUCED CHANGES IN ENERGY METABOLISM;254
10.4.1;Text;254
11;SUBJECT INDEX;268