Ramanathan / Bhattacharya / Dittmar Management and Sustainable Development of Coastal Zone Environments

1. Auflage 2010
ISBN: 978-90-481-3068-9
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 282 Seiten

Coastal areas face increasing pressures from land use change, developmental activities, shoreline erosion, biodiversity losses and natural calamities. This volume addresses these issues facilitating the integrated analysis of the sustainability of coastal zones. The contributors have tried to focus their respective works on the problems that need urgent attention relevant to present day issues. Coastal Zone Management and its sustainability strategy should safeguard ecological security of the coastal areas, avoid pollution as well as exploitation of living and non living aquatic resources, protecting also the agrarian community and avian population and other floral and faunal breeding grounds. Articles have been selected on the basis of sound scientific findings hoping that it will help in developing meaningful regulations for future sustainable coastal management zone.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ramanathan, Al.

Bhattacharya, Prosun

Dittmar, Thorsten

Prasad, B.

Neupane, B.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Title Page;2
2;Copyright Page;3
3;Foreword;4
4;Preface;7
5;About the Editors;10
6;Table of Contents;13
7;SECTION 1 Evaluation, Status Prediction, Modelling and Developments of Coastal Zones: Management Issues;16
8;1 Observational Needs for Sustainable Coastal Prediction and Management ;17
8.1;1. INTRODUCTION;17
8.1.1;1.1 Defining the Earth System;18
8.1.2;1.2 What is Sustainability?;18
8.1.3;1.3 Modelling the Earth System;19
8.1.4;1.4 Earth System Prediction;20
8.1.5;1.5 Observing the Earth System for Sustainable Management;21
8.2;2. OBSERVATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL MANAGEMENT;22
8.2.1;2.1 Observing the Natural-human System;23
8.2.2;2.2 Observing the Coast from Microbes to Man;25
8.2.3;2.3 A Prototype Regional Earth System Prediction for an Estuary;26
8.2.4;2.4 Model-data Synthesis for Sustainable Management;27
8.3;3. CONCLUDING THOUGHTS;28
8.4;REFERENCES;28
9;2 Ecological Modelling as a Tool for Coastal Ecosystem Management;33
9.1;1. INTRODUCTION;33
9.2;2. COASTAL ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT AND MODELLING;34
9.3;3. STATISTICAL ECOSYSTEM MODELLING;35
9.4;4. DYNAMIC ECOSYSTEM MODELLING;37
9.4.1;4.1 Hydrodynamic Modelling;37
9.4.1.1;4.1.1 Hydrostatic Models;37
9.4.1.2;4.1.2 Non-hydrostatic Models;39
9.4.1.3;4.1.3 Challenges of Current Hydrodynamic/Physical Models;40
9.4.2;4.2 Lower Trophic Level Modelling;40
9.4.3;4.3 Higher Trophic Level Food Web Modelling;42
9.4.4;4.4 Sediment Flux Modelling;43
9.5;5. SPECIAL ISSUES;45
9.5.1;5.1 Marshes, Wetlands and Mangroves;45
9.5.2;5.2 Data Assimilation;46
9.5.3;5.3 Submerged Aquatic Vegetation Modelling;47
9.5.4;5.4 Model Skill Assessment;48
9.6;6. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS;49
9.7;REFERENCES;50
10;3 Current Status of Coastal Zone Management Practices in India;56
10.1;1. INTRODUCTION;56
10.2;2. STATUS OF INDIAN COASTAL ENVIRONMENT;57
10.3;3. IMPACT OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON THE INDIAN COASTAL ENVIRONMENT;60
10.4;4. MAJOR INITIATIVES FOR PROTECTION OF MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENT IN INDIA;64
10.4.1;4.1 Implementation of the CRZ Notification;65
10.4.2;4.2 Current Status of the CRZ;66
10.4.3;4.3 Objections against the CZM Notification;67
10.4.3.1;4.3.1 The CZM Notification – Conservation;67
10.4.3.2;4.3.2 The CZM Notification – Sustainable Development;68
10.4.3.3;4.3.3 The CZM Notification – Livelihoods;68
10.5;5. CONCLUSION;69
10.6;REFERENCES;69
11;4 Climate Resilient Coastal Zone Development in Bangladesh: Participatory Governance for Common Resources Management;72
11.1;1. INTRODUCTION;72
11.2;2. COMMON PROPERTY REGIME: AN ENTRY POINT FOR POVERTY REDUCTION;73
11.2.1;2.1 Participatory Governance of the Common Resources;73
11.2.2;2.2 Case Studies on Individual, Community and Systematic Capability Approach;74
11.2.3;2.3 Discussion on Case Studies and Way Forward;76
11.3;3. COASTAL FOREST RESOURCES MANAGEMENT THROUGH SCIENTIFIC APPROACH;76
11.4;4. COASTAL LAND RESOURCES MANAGEMENT THROUGH PARTICIPATORY APPROACH;78
11.5;5. CREATE MECHANISMS TO ENSURE STAKEHOLDERS’ PARTICIPATION IN BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AT LOCAL LEVEL ;79
11.6;6. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMON WEALTH AND PARTICIPATORY MANAGEMENT;80
11.6.1;6.1 Common Wealth for Sustainable Management (CWSM) – With Special Reference to SPA;80
11.6.2;6.2 CWSM – With Special Reference to Shrimp Cultivation;80
11.6.3;6.3 CWSM – With Special Reference to Coastal Embankments and Its Erosion Control;81
11.6.4;6.4 CWSM – With Special Reference to Joint Coastal Forest Management;82
11.7;7. CONCLUSIONS;83
11.8;REFERENCES;85
12;5 Present Status, Challenges and Management of the Japanese Coastal Zone Environment;87
12.1;1. INTRODUCTION;87
12.2;2. FACTS ABOUT THE JAPANESE COASTLINE;88
12.3;3. MAJOR CONCERNS OF JAPANESE COAST;90
12.3.1;3.1 Sea Level Rise and Climate Change;90
12.3.2;3.2 Eco-hydrological Conditions;90
12.3.3;3.3 Anthropogenic Utilization and Their Impact;91
12.3.4;3.4 Disaster Situation and Their Prevention;92
12.4;4. COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT IN JAPAN;93
12.4.1;4.1 Legal Framework of Coastal Management;93
12.4.2;4.2 Integrated Coastal Zone Management—Concept;93
12.4.3;4.3 ICZM Practices in Japan;94
12.4.4;4.4 Challenges for Integrated Coastal Zone Management;96
12.5;5. CONCLUSIONS;96
12.6;REFERENCES;97
13;6 Integrating Hydrologic and Hydrodynamic Models for Decision Support Systems and Management of Coastal Zones and Estuaries;99
13.1;1. INTRODUCTION;99
13.2;2. STUDY AREA;101
13.3;3. MATERIALS AND METHODS;101
13.3.1;3.1 Mixing/flow Dynamics;102
13.3.2;3.2 Spatially Distributed Hydrologic Forcing;104
13.3.3;3.3 Calibration, Validation/Verification with a Case Study;105
13.4;4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS;106
13.5;5. CONCLUSIONS;109
13.6;REFERENCES;110
14;7 Creation of System “Delta-Sea” as a Basis of Ecosystem Approach to the Management of Large Aral Sea’s Coastal Zone;112
14.1;1. INTRODUCTION;112
14.2;2. SOUTHERN PREARALIE: DEVELOPING SITUATION;114
14.2.1;2.1 Basic Results of Researches Carried Out and Suggestions for Aral Sea’s Survival;115
14.2.2;2.2 Eternal Russian Question: What to do?;115
14.3;3. CONCLUSION;118
14.4;REFERENCES;118
15;SECTION 2 Coastal Zone Water Resources (Quantity and Quality): Challenges for Sustainability ;120
16;8 Critical Evaluation of the Recent Development and Trends in Submarine Groundwater Discharge Research in Asia;121
16.1;1. INTRODUCTION;121
16.2;2. PHENOMENOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION AND DRIVERS;124
16.3;3. ESTIMATION OF THE MAGNITUDE OF SGD;125
16.3.1;3.1 Investigations from the Land Side;126
16.3.2;3.2 Investigations from the Sea Side;127
16.3.3;3.3 Indirect Indicators of SGD;128
16.3.4;3.4 Mixing Near the Sea Shore;129
16.4;4. IMPORTANCE OF SGD IN ASIAN OUTLOOK;129
16.5;5. CURRENT STATUS OF SGD RESEARCH IN ASIA;131
16.5.1;5.1 Japan;131
16.5.2;5.2 Korea;133
16.5.3;5.3 India;134
16.5.4;5.4 Bangladesh;136
16.5.5;5.5 Thailand;136
16.5.6;5.6 China;137
16.6;6. FUTURE PERSPECTIVES;137
16.7;7. SUMMARY;139
16.8;REFERENCES;139
17;9 Influence of Climate Factors on the Groundwater Resources of Coastal Tamilnadu;144
17.1;1. INTRODUCTION;144
17.1.1;1.1 Study Area;145
17.1.2;1.2 Quaternary Formations;146
17.1.3;1.3 Depth to Water Table;147
17.2;2. METHODOLOGY;147
17.3;3. HYDROGEOCHEMISTRY;147
17.3.1;3.1 Tritium;147
17.3.2;3.2 Geochemical Nature;150
17.3.3;3.3 18O;152
17.3.4;3.4 13C;153
17.4;4. CONCLUSION;155
17.5;REFERENCES;155
18;10 Natural Arsenic in Coastal Groundwaters in the Bengal Delta Region in West Bengal, India;158
18.1;1. INTRODUCTION;158
18.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;160
18.2.1;2.1 Study Area;160
18.2.2;2.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques;161
18.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;161
18.3.1;3.1 pH, Redox and Major Ion Characteristics;161
18.3.2;3.2 Distribution of Arsenic, Iron, Manganese and DOC;162
18.3.3;3.3 Relationship between the Key Water Quality Parameters with Redox Sensitive Elements;163
18.3.4;3.4 Statistical Evaluation of the Data;166
18.3.4.1;3.4.1 Factor 1;166
18.3.4.2;3.4.2 Factor 2;166
18.3.4.3;3.4.3 Factor 3;169
18.4;4. CONCLUSIONS;169
18.5;REFERENCES;170
19;11 Chemical Composition and Origin of the Coastal Zone Thermal Springs in Far East Russia;173
19.1;1. INTRODUCTION;173
19.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;174
19.3;3. STUDY AREA;175
19.4;4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;175
19.4.1;4.1 Major Ions;175
19.4.2;4.2 Trace Elements;177
19.4.2.1;4.2.1 Siderophile Elements;178
19.4.2.2;4.2.2 Chalcophile Elements;178
19.4.2.3;4.2.3 Lithophile Group;178
19.4.2.4;4.2.4 Rare-earth Elements (REE);179
19.4.3;4.3 Gas Composition;180
19.4.4;4.4 Origin of Thermal Waters;180
19.5;5. CONCLUSIONS;182
19.6;REFERENCES;182
20;SECTION 3 Biodiversity of Coastal Zones and Its Sustainability ;184
21;12 Organic Matter and Mangrove Productivity;185
21.1;1. INTRODUCTION;185
21.2;2. ORGANIC MATTER SOURCES AND SINKS;187
21.3;3. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIC MATTER;189
21.3.1;3.1 Atomic C:N Ratio and Stable Carbon Isotopes;189
21.3.2;3.2 Molecular Biomarkers;190
21.4;4. OUTWELLING AND TRANSPORT OF MANGROVE ORGANIC MATTER;193
21.5;5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION;197
21.6;REFERENCES;197
22;13 Influence of Terrestrial Inputs on Mangrove and Coral Reef: Primary Productivity of the Andaman Islands;204
22.1;1. BACKGROUND;204
22.2;2. STUDY AREA;205
22.2.1;Mangrove Forests of the Andaman Islands;206
22.2.2;Coral Reef Ecosystems of the Andaman Islands;207
22.2.3;Significance of the Terrestrial and Coastal Ecosystems;207
22.2.4;Mineralization and Immobilization;208
22.3;3. MATERIALS AND METHODS;209
22.3.1;Sampling of Surface Water;209
22.3.2;Sediment Denitrification;210
22.3.3;Primary Productivity;211
22.3.4;Leaf Litter C:N Estimation;211
22.4;4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;212
22.4.1;4.1 Spatial Variations;212
22.4.2;4.2 Denitrification;215
22.4.3;4.3 SEDIMENT CARBON AND NITROGEN;216
22.4.4;4.4 Primary Productivity;217
22.4.5;4.5 Leaf Litter C:N Analysis;218
22.5;5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;219
22.6;REFERENCES;220
23;14 Dissolved Metal Distribution in Indian Mangrove Ecosystem: Case Studies from East Coast of India;222
23.1;1. INTRODUCTION;222
23.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;224
23.3;3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;225
23.4;4. CONCLUSION;232
23.5;REFERENCES;232
24;SECTION 4 Threats to Coastal Aquatic Ecosystems: Developmental and Sustainability Issues;235
25;15 Shrimp Culture: Trend, Consequences and Sustainability in the South-western Coastal Region of Bangladesh;236
25.1;1. INTRODUCTION;236
25.2;2. CURRENT STATE OF SHRIMP CULTURE;238
25.3;3. THE TRENDS;239
25.3.1;3.1 Trends in the Changes of Land-use Pattern;239
25.3.2;3.2 Trends in Employment Pattern;240
25.3.3;3.3 Trends in Yield, Export and Earnings;241
25.3.4;3.4 Trends in Local Supply Chain;241
25.4;4. THE CONSEQUENCES;242
25.4.1;4.1 Consequences on the Physical Environment;243
25.4.2;4.2 Consequences on the Biological Environment;243
25.4.3;4.3 Societal and Economic Consequences;244
25.5;5. THE BLUE REVOLUTION: A REALITY CHECK;246
25.6;6. THE ISSUE OF SUSTAINABILITY: ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS;247
25.7;7. THE MEASURES FOR SUSTAINABILITY: POLICY AND LEGAL ISSUES;248
25.8;8. CONCLUSION;249
25.9;REFERENCES;249
26;16 Role of Sand Dunes and Mangroves in the Mitigation of Coastal Hazards with Reference to 2004 Tsunami;254
26.1;1. INTRODUCTION;254
26.2;2. SAND DUNES;256
26.2.1;2.1 Sand Dunes Saved the Villages;257
26.2.2;2.2 Saving the Sand Dunes;258
26.2.2.1;2.2.1 Dune Grass Planting;258
26.2.2.2;2.2.2 Dune Thatching;259
26.2.2.3;2.2.3 Sand Bag Structures;259
26.2.2.4;2.2.4 Public Awareness and Community-based Participation;259
26.3;3. MANGROVES;260
26.3.1;3.1 Causes of Depletion;261
26.3.2;3.2 Mangroves – Life Saving Role;262
26.3.3;3.3 Protecting Mangroves;263
26.4;4. MODEL PLAN;264
26.5;5. CONCLUSION;266
26.6;REFERENCES;266
27;17 Assessment of Potential Health Risk through Arsenic Flow in FoodChain—A Study in Gangetic Delta of West Bengal ;268
27.1;1. INTRODUCTION;268
27.2;2. MATERIALS AND METHODS;270
27.2.1;2.1 Teflon Bomb Digestion of Vegetable and Crop Samples;270
27.2.2;2.2 Sample Analysis;271
27.3;3. RESULTS;271
27.3.1;3.1 Bioaccumulation of Arsenic in Cereals and Pulses;271
27.3.2;3.2 Bioaccumulation of Arsenic in Vegetables;272
27.3.3;3.3 Food Habits and Arsenic Intake from Diverse Sources;273
27.3.4;3.4 Daily Arsenic Intake through Food Stuff;273
27.4;4. DISCUSSION;275
27.5;5. CONCLUSION;276
27.6;REFERENCES;277
28;Author Index;279
29;Subject Index;280