Ramanathan Thin Film Metal-Oxides

Fundamentals and Applications in Electronics and Energy
1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-1-4419-0664-9
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 337 Seiten

Thin Film Metal-Oxides provides a representative account of the fundamental structure-property relations in oxide thin films. Functional properties of thin film oxides are discussed in the context of applications in emerging electronics and renewable energy technologies. Readers will find a detailed description of deposition and characterization of metal oxide thin films, theoretical treatment of select properties and their functional performance in solid state devices, from leading researchers. Scientists and engineers involved with oxide semiconductors, electronic materials and alternative energy will find Thin Film Metal-Oxides a useful reference.  

Autoren/Hrsg.

Ramanathan, Shriram

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Thin Film Metal-Oxides;1
1.1;Stoichiometry in Thin Film Oxides –A Foreword;4
1.2;1 In Situ Synchrotron Characterization of Complex Oxide Heterostructures;14
1.2.1;1.1 Introduction;14
1.2.2;1.2 Background;15
1.2.2.1;1.2.1 Perovskites;15
1.2.2.2;1.2.2 Scattering;18
1.2.2.3;1.2.3 Spectroscopy;22
1.2.2.4;1.2.4 X-ray Absorption;24
1.2.2.4.1;1.2.4.1 Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS);25
1.2.2.4.2;1.2.4.2 X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES);26
1.2.2.4.3;1.2.4.3 Dichroism in X-ray Spectroscopy;27
1.2.2.5;1.2.5 In Situ Surface Spectroscopy;28
1.2.3;1.3 In Situ Monitoring of Complex Oxide Film Growth;29
1.2.3.1;1.3.1 Substrate;29
1.2.3.2;1.3.2 Growth Oscillations;31
1.2.3.3;1.3.3 Case Studies of Oxide Growth;32
1.2.3.3.1;1.3.3.1 PLD of SrTiO3 on SrTiO3(001);33
1.2.3.3.2;1.3.3.2 PLD of La1-xSrxMnO3 on SrTiO3(001);34
1.2.3.3.3;1.3.3.3 MOCVD of PbZrxTi1-xO3 on SrTiO3(001);36
1.2.4;1.4 Complex Oxide Film Structure;40
1.2.4.1;1.4.1 Interfaces;40
1.2.4.1.1;1.4.1.1 The SrTiO3(001) Surface;41
1.2.4.1.2;1.4.1.2 The LaAlO3/SrTiO3(001) Buried Interface;42
1.2.4.1.3;1.4.1.3 The PbTiO3(001) Surface;44
1.2.4.1.4;1.4.1.4 The PbTiO3/SrTiO3(001) Buried Interface;44
1.2.4.1.5;1.4.1.5 The La0.7Sr0.3MnO3(001)p Surface;45
1.2.4.2;1.4.2 Internal Structure: Non-Cubic Films on SrTiO3(001);47
1.2.4.2.1;1.4.2.1 Polydomain Structures;48
1.2.4.2.2;1.4.2.2 Monodomain Structures;51
1.2.4.3;1.4.3 Spectroscopic Studies of Complex Oxides;53
1.2.4.3.1;1.4.3.1 A-Site Clustering in La1-xSrxMnO3;53
1.2.4.3.2;1.4.3.2 B-Site Electronic Structure in La1-xCaxMnO3;55
1.2.4.3.3;1.4.3.3 Polarization Sensitive Near-Edge Structure in Bi4-xNdxTi3O12 and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3;57
1.2.5;1.5 Outlook;58
1.2.6;References;58
1.3;2 Metal-Insulator Transition in Thin Film Vanadium Dioxide;63
1.3.1;2.1 Introduction;63
1.3.2;2.2 Material Synthesis;65
1.3.3;2.3 Crystal Structure;69
1.3.4;2.4 The Relationship between Electron Transport and Material Morphology;71
1.3.5;2.5 The Nature of the Insulating State;80
1.3.6;2.6 Energy Band Structure;83
1.3.7;2.7 Optical Properties;90
1.3.8;2.8 Magneto-Transport;94
1.3.9;2.9 Devices;97
1.3.10;References;102
1.4;3 Novel Magnetic Oxide Thin Films;107
1.4.1;3.1 Preview;107
1.4.2;3.2 Half Metallic Oxide Thin Films;108
1.4.2.1;3.2.1 Introduction;108
1.4.2.2;3.2.2 Chromium Dioxide;110
1.4.2.3;3.2.3 La1-xSrxMnO3;114
1.4.2.4;3.2.4 Magnetite;121
1.4.3;3.3 Diluted Magnetic Oxide Semiconductors;123
1.4.4;3.4 Room-Temperature Multiferroic Oxide Thin Films;129
1.4.4.1;3.4.1 Introduction;129
1.4.4.2;3.4.2 BiFeO3;129
1.4.4.3;3.4.3 Multiferroic Composites -- Metamultiferroics;135
1.4.5;3.5 Summary;136
1.4.6;References;137
1.5;4 Bipolar Resistive Switching in Oxides for Memory Applications;142
1.5.1;4.1 Introduction and Motivation;142
1.5.2;4.2 Classification of Bipolar Switching Effects;145
1.5.2.1;4.2.1 Geometrical Localization of the Switching Event;145
1.5.2.2;4.2.2 Memory Window Considerations;146
1.5.2.3;4.2.3 Observed Area Dependencies of the Resistive Switching Effect;148
1.5.3;4.3 Distributed Bipolar Switching Effects in Transition Metal Oxides;149
1.5.3.1;4.3.1 Oxide Dual Layer Memory Element;149
1.5.3.2;4.3.2 Distributed Bipolar Switching in Complex Perovskites;151
1.5.4;4.4 Localized Bipolar Switching Effects in Transition Metal Oxides;156
1.5.4.1;4.4.1 Filamentary Switching in Cr-Doped SrTiO3 Single Crystals;156
1.5.4.2;4.4.2 Filament Fine Structure Analysis with Conductive-Tip AFM;158
1.5.4.3;4.4.3 Filament Fine Structure Analysis on Thin Film Samples;159
1.5.4.4;4.4.4 Bipolar Switching Effects in Binary Transition Metal Oxides;163
1.5.5;4.5 Impact of Electrode Materials on Bipolar Switching;168
1.5.5.1;4.5.1 Workfunction of the Metal;169
1.5.5.2;4.5.2 Metallic Filament Formation with Cu- and Ag-Electrode;170
1.5.5.3;4.5.3 Bipolar and Unipolar Switching in One Sample;170
1.5.6;4.6 Device Performance;172
1.5.7;4.7 Summary, Conclusions, and Outlook;174
1.5.8;References;175
1.6;5 Complex Oxide Schottky Junctions;179
1.6.1;5.1 Introduction;179
1.6.2;5.2 Schottky Junctions;183
1.6.2.1;5.2.1 Basic Concepts;183
1.6.2.2;5.2.2 Current Transport Processes;185
1.6.2.3;5.2.3 Barrier Height Characterization Techniques;188
1.6.3;5.3 Physics of Complex Oxide Schottky Junctions;189
1.6.3.1;5.3.1 Dielectric Properties of SrTiO3;189
1.6.3.2;5.3.2 SrRuO3/Nb:SrTiO3 Junction -- The Canonical Complex Oxide Heterojunction;193
1.6.3.3;5.3.3 Schottky Barrier Height Dependence on the Chemical Composition in La1-xSrxMO3/Nb:SrTiO3 Junctions;197
1.6.3.4;5.3.4 Termination Control of the Schottky Barrier Height;197
1.6.4;5.4 Applications of Complex Oxide Schottky Junctions;200
1.6.4.1;5.4.1 Magnetoresistance at Manganite/Nb:SrTiO3 Junctions;200
1.6.4.2;5.4.2 Carrier Density Tuning by Photocarrier Injection;207
1.6.4.3;5.4.3 Resonant Tunneling Through Metal-Induced Interface States;209
1.6.4.4;5.4.4 Resistive Switching at Complex Oxide Schottky Junctions;211
1.6.5;5.5 Summary;211
1.6.6;References;212
1.7;6 Theory of Ferroelectricity and Size Effects in Thin Films;215
1.7.1;6.1 Introduction;216
1.7.2;6.2 Methodology;219
1.7.2.1;6.2.1 First-Principles Theoretical Methodology;219
1.7.2.2;6.2.2 Effective Hamiltonian Methodology;221
1.7.2.3;6.2.3 Effective Hamiltonian for Thin Films;222
1.7.2.4;6.2.4 Phenomenology;224
1.7.2.5;6.2.5 Results of Theoretical Analysis;225
1.7.2.5.1;6.2.5.1 Free-Standing Slabs of ABO3;225
1.7.2.5.2;6.2.5.2 Interfaces and Superlattices;230
1.7.2.5.3;6.2.5.3 Ferroelectricity in Nano-Thin Films of BaTiO3;232
1.7.2.5.4;6.2.5.4 Domains and Inhomogeneities in Ferroelectric Thin Films;238
1.7.3;6.3 Summary;239
1.7.4;References;240
1.8;7 High-Tc Superconducting Thin- and Thick-Film--Based Coated Conductors for Energy Applications;242
1.8.1;7.1 Introduction;242
1.8.1.1;7.1.1 Second-Generation Superconducting Wire Architectures;244
1.8.2;7.2 Role of Low Angle Grain Boundaries;246
1.8.3;7.3 Crystal Defects and Flux Pinning;247
1.8.4;7.4 Enhancement of Self-Field Jc;250
1.8.5;7.5 Introduction of Artificial Flux Pinning Nanostructures for Enhancement of In-Field Jc;253
1.8.5.1;7.5.1 Self-Assembled Nanostructures;254
1.8.6;7.6 Concluding Remarks;259
1.8.7;References;259
1.9;8 Mesostructured Thin Film Oxides;263
1.9.1;8.1 Introduction;263
1.9.2;8.2 Synthesis and Characteristics of Mesostructured Oxides;265
1.9.2.1;8.2.1 Sol--Gel Cooperative Assembly Chemistry;265
1.9.2.2;8.2.2 Mesostructured Thin Films: Fabrication and Characteristics;267
1.9.3;8.3 Nanoscale Phenomena in Functional Mesostructured Thin Films;269
1.9.3.1;8.3.1 Nanocrystalline Transition Metal Oxide Mesoporous Frameworks;269
1.9.3.2;8.3.2 Assembly and Nanocrystallization of Titania Mesoporous Thin Films;272
1.9.4;8.4 Multi-Compositional Mesostructured Thin Film Oxides;274
1.9.4.1;8.4.1 Optical, Electrical, and Electrochemical Applications;274
1.9.4.2;8.4.2 Photocatalytic and Electrochromic Applications;277
1.9.4.3;8.4.3 Photovoltaic/Solar Cell Applications;281
1.9.5;8.5 Conclusions;283
1.9.6;References;283
1.10;9 Applications of Thin Film Oxides in Catalysis;288
1.10.1;9.1 Introduction;288
1.10.2;9.2 Tuning Electronic Properties of Novel Metal Oxide Nanocrystals Using Interface Interactions: MoO3 Monolayers on Au(111);290
1.10.2.1;9.2.1 Background and Introduction;290
1.10.2.2;9.2.2 Computational Details;291
1.10.2.3;9.2.3 Results and Discussion;292
1.10.2.4;9.2.4 Concluding Remarks;298
1.10.3;9.3 Ultrathin Titania Films as Active Supports for Supported Au Catalysts;298
1.10.3.1;9.3.1 Background and Introduction;298
1.10.3.2;9.3.2 Motivation;299
1.10.3.3;9.3.3 Choice of Model;300
1.10.3.4;9.3.4 Computational Details;300
1.10.3.5;9.3.5 Results and Discussion;302
1.10.3.6;9.3.6 Concluding Remarks;306
1.10.4;References;307
1.11;10 Design of Heterogeneous Catalysts and the Application to the Oxygen Reduction Reaction;309
1.11.1;10.1 Introduction;310
1.11.2;10.2 Theory;311
1.11.3;10.3 Details of Calculations;312
1.11.3.1;10.3.1 Cluster Model;312
1.11.3.2;10.3.2 Slab Model;313
1.11.4;10.4 Details of Experiments;314
1.11.5;10.5 Results;315
1.11.5.1;10.5.1 Cluster Model;315
1.11.5.1.1;10.5.1.1 Cluster Size;317
1.11.5.1.2;10.5.1.2 Cluster Composition;322
1.11.5.2;10.5.2 Slab Model;323
1.11.5.2.1;10.5.2.1 Electronic Structure;324
1.11.5.2.2;10.5.2.2 Oxygen Adsorption;326
1.11.5.3;10.5.3 Experiments;328
1.11.5.3.1;10.5.3.1 Stress;329
1.11.5.3.2;10.5.3.2 Electron Structure;330
1.11.5.3.3;10.5.3.3 Catalytic Performance;332
1.11.6;10.6 Discussion;332
1.11.7;10.7 Conclusions;333
1.11.8;References;334
1.12;Index;335