Rao Simulation Based Engineering in Fluid Flow Design

1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-3-319-46382-7
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 192 Seiten

  This volume offers a tool for High Performance Computing (HPC). A brief historical background on the subject is first given. Fluid Statics dealing with Pressure in fluids at rest, Buoyancy and Basics of Thermodynamics are next presented.
The Finite Volume Method, the most convenient process for HPC, is explained in one-dimensional approach to diffusion with convection and pressure velocity coupling. Adiabatic, isentropic and supersonic flows in quasi-one dimensional flows in axisymmetric nozzles is considered before applying CFD solutions. Though the theory is restricted to one-dimensional cases, three-dimensional CFD examples are also given. Lastly, nozzle flows with normal shocks are presented using turbulence models. Worked examples and exercises are given in each chapter. Fluids transport thermal energy for its conversion to kinetic energy, thus playing a major role that is central to all heat engines. With the advent of rotating machinery in the 20th century, Fluid Engineering was developed in the form of hydraulics and hydrodynamics and adapted in engineering Schools across the world until recent times. With the High Performance Computing (HPC) in recent years, Simulation Based Engineering Science (SBES) has gradually replaced the conventional approach in Fluid Flow Design bringing Science directly into Engineering without approximations. Hence this SpringerBrief in Applied Sciences and Technology. This book brings SBES to an entry level allowing young students to quickly adapt to modern design practices.  

Professor J.S. Rao is Chief Science office at Altair Engineering India Ltd, President of the Vibration Institute of India and Editor in chief of the Journal of Vibration Engineering and Technologies.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Rao, J. S.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Acknowledgments;9
3;Contents;11
4;1 Introduction;14
4.1;Abstract;14
5;2 Fluid Statics;36
5.1;Abstract;36
5.2;2.1 States of Matter;36
5.3;2.2 Pressure in Fluids at Rest;37
5.4;2.3 Buoyancy;42
5.4.1;2.3.1 Application of Buoyancy Principle to the Stability of a Ship;44
5.4.2;2.3.2 Balloons and Airships;45
5.4.3;2.3.3 Hydrostatics of Dam;46
5.5;2.4 Basics of Thermodynamics;49
5.5.1;2.4.1 Zeroth Law;50
5.5.2;2.4.2 Hydrostatics of Gases;50
5.5.3;2.4.3 Vapor Pressure;51
5.5.4;2.4.4 Internal Energy;53
5.5.5;2.4.5 Enthalpy;53
5.5.6;2.4.6 Specific Heats;54
5.5.7;2.4.7 Polytropic Form for Pressure-Specific Volume Relation;55
5.5.8;2.4.8 First Law of Thermodynamics;57
5.5.9;2.4.9 Adiabatic Process;58
5.5.10;2.4.10 Irreversible Process;58
5.5.11;2.4.11 Reversible Process;59
5.5.12;2.4.12 Entropy and Second Law of Thermodynamics;59
5.5.13;2.4.13 Entropy;60
5.5.14;2.4.14 Entropy Calculation for Any Process;61
5.5.15;2.4.15 Isentropic Process;62
6;3 Fluid Dynamics;67
6.1;Abstract;67
6.2;3.1 Characteristics of Fluids;70
6.3;3.2 Mass Balance;72
6.4;3.3 Force Balance and Momentum Equations;74
6.5;3.4 Energy Equation;77
6.6;3.5 Kinetic Energy;81
6.7;3.6 Internal Energy;81
6.8;3.7 Shear Stresses;82
6.9;3.8 Equations of Motion;83
6.10;3.9 Summary of Fluid Flow Equations;84
7;4 Finite Volume Method—Diffusion Problems;86
7.1;Abstract;86
7.2;4.1 Diffusion Problem;88
7.3;4.2 Diffusion with Source Term;95
7.4;4.3 Diffusion with Convection;101
8;5 Finite Volume Method—Convection-Diffusion Problems;110
8.1;Abstract;110
8.2;5.1 Steady State One-Dimensional Convection and Diffusion;110
8.2.1;5.1.1 Exact Solution for Convection-Diffusion Problem;113
8.2.2;5.1.2 Finite Volume Method for Convection-Diffusion Problem;114
9;6 Pressure—Velocity Coupling in Steady Flows;117
9.1;Abstract;117
9.2;6.1 Steady State One-Dimensional Incompressible Problem;118
9.2.1;6.1.1 Streamline Flow;119
9.3;6.2 Pitot and Venturi Tubes;121
9.4;6.3 Stagnation Conditions in Adiabatic Flow;124
9.5;6.4 Isentropic Flow;125
9.6;6.5 Speed of Sound;126
9.7;6.6 Shocks in Supersonic Flow;129
9.8;6.7 Other Forms of Energy Equation for Adiabatic Flow;131
9.8.1;6.7.1 Mach Number for Which the Flow Can Be Considered Incompressible;133
9.8.2;6.7.2 Characteristic Mach Number;135
9.9;6.8 Quasi-One Dimensional Flow;135
9.10;6.9 Area-Velocity Relation;138
9.10.1;6.9.1 Continuity Equation in Differential Form;138
9.10.2;6.9.2 Momentum Equation in Differential Form;139
9.10.3;6.9.3 Energy Equation in Differential Form;140
9.11;6.10 Example of Nozzle Flow—Subsonic Flow Throughout;142
9.11.1;6.10.1 Example of Axisymmetric Nozzle Flow;144
9.11.2;6.10.2 Subsonic Flow;147
9.12;6.11 Nozzle Flow—Subsonic Flow with Sonic Conditions at the Throat;150
9.13;6.12 Nozzle Flow—Supersonic Flow with Perfect Expansion;152
9.14;6.13 CFD Solution of Isentropic Flow in Converging-Diverging Nozzles;154
10;7 Turbulence;164
10.1;Abstract;164
10.2;7.1 What Is Turbulence?;166
10.3;7.2 Reynolds Equations;168
10.3.1;7.2.1 Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations, RANS;170
10.3.2;7.2.2 Boussinesq Hypothesis;171
10.3.3;7.2.3 Prandtl’s Mixing Length Model;172
10.3.4;7.2.4 k-? Model;172
10.4;7.3 Nozzle Flow with a Normal Shock in the Divergent Portion;175
10.4.1;7.3.1 Normal Shock;175
10.5;7.4 CFD Solution of Flow in Converging-Diverging Nozzles with a Normal Shock;184
11;8 Epilogue;188
11.1;Abstract;188
11.2;Acknowledgments;189
12;Index;190