Reggiani Methods and Models in Transport and Telecommunications

Cross Atlantic Perspectives
1. Auflage 2006
ISBN: 978-3-540-28550-2
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 364 Seiten

One aspect of the new economy is a transition to a networked society, and the emergence of a highly interconnected, interdependent and complex system of networks to move people, goods and information. An example of this is the in creasing reliance of networked systems (e. g. , air transportation networks, electric power grid, maritime transport, etc. ) on telecommunications and information in frastructure. Many of the networks that evolved today have an added complexity in that they have both a spatial structure - i. e. , they are located in physical space but also an a spatial dimension brought on largely by their dependence on infor mation technology. They are also often just one component of a larger system of geographically integrated and overlapping networks operating at different spatial levels. An understanding of these complexities is imperative for the design of plans and policies that can be used to optimize the efficiency, performance and safety of transportation, telecommunications and other networked systems. In one sense, technological advances along with economic forces that encourage the clustering of activities in space to reduce transaction costs have led to more efficient network structures. At the same time the very properties that make these networks more ef ficient have also put them at a greater risk for becoming disconnected or signifi cantly disruptedwh en super connected nodes are removed either intentionally or through a targeted attack.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Reggiani, Aura

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;7
2;Contents;9
3;1 Introduction: Cross Atlantic Perspectives in Methods and Models Analysing Transport and Telecommunications;14
3.1;1.1 Prologue;14
3.2;1.2 Towards Sustainable Transport: The STELLA-STAR Network;15
3.3;1.3 Method and Models in Transport and Communications: Cross- Atlantic Paths and Reflections;17
3.4;References;21
4;2 Transportation, Communication and Sustainability: In Search of a Pathway to Comparative Research;22
4.1;2.1 Transportation, Mobility and Communication;22
4.2;2.2 Transport and Communication;25
4.3;2.3 ICT and Sustainable Transport;27
4.4;2.4 The Sustainability of ICT and Transport;29
4.5;2.5 Similarities and Differences in Transportation and Communication: Toward a Transatlantic Comparative Perspective;32
4.6;2.6 Prospect for a Research Agenda;33
4.7;References;35
5;3 Urban Travel Forecasting in the USA and UK;37
5.1;3.1 Introduction;37
5.2;3.2 Specification, Estimation and Solution Methods for Integrated Equilibrium Models;38
5.3;3.3 Specification, Estimation and Solution Methods for Microanalytic Models;41
5.4;3.4 States of Practice in the USA;44
5.5;3.5 States of Practice in the UK;46
5.6;3.6 Assessment of Progress, Problems and Prospects;48
5.7;3.7 Conclusions;52
5.8;Acknowledgements;53
5.9;References;53
6;4 Towards Developing a Travel Time Forecasting Model for Location- Based Services: A Review;57
6.1;4.1 Introduction;57
6.2;4.2 What Is LBS?;58
6.3;4.3 Travel Time Forecasting in ITS;60
6.4;4.4 Existing Travel Time Forecasting Models;61
6.5;4.5 A Comparison of Existing Travel Time Forecasting Models;66
6.6;4.6 Potential Roles of GIS in Travel Time Forecasting for LBS;69
6.7;4.7 Summary;70
6.8;Acknowledgement;70
6.9;References;71
7;5 Transportation Networks, Case-Based Reasoning and Traffic Collision Analysis: A Methodology for the 21st Century;74
7.1;5.1 Introduction;74
7.2;5.2 Applications of GIS in Traffic Safety Analysis;75
7.3;5.3 Applications of Case-Based Reasoning in Traffic Safety Analysis;78
7.4;5.4 Integrating Case-Based Reasoning and Geographic Information Systems;82
7.5;5.5 A Case Study: Integrating GIS Network and CBR Approaches for Traffic Safety;84
7.6;Acknowledgements;98
7.7;References;99
8;6 A Sketch and Simulation of an Integrated Modelling Framework for the Study of Interdependent Infrastructure- Based Networked Systems;104
8.1;6.1 Introduction;104
8.2;6.2 Interdependent Networks in the Regional Economy of the Midwest United States;106
8.3;6.3 Static Equilibrium Interdependent Network Models;109
8.4;6.4 Numerical Simulations with a Stylized Integrated Model of Interdependent Networks;116
8.5;6.5 From Statics to Dynamics;120
8.6;6.6 Conclusions;123
8.7;References;123
8.8;Appendix 6.A: A Stylized Integrated Model of Interdependent Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks Networks;125
8.9;Appendix 6.B: Deriving Updated Estimates of Interregional Inter- Industry Sales Coefficients in a Regional Econometric Input- Output Model;127
9;7 Can Freight Transport Models Be Transferred Across the Atlantic?;130
9.1;7.1 Introduction;130
9.2;7.2 The Background to Modern Freight Models;132
9.3;7.3 Meta Analysis;135
9.4;7.4 Transferability;137
9.5;7.5 Types of Model;139
9.6;7.6 Differences Between the US and Europe;143
9.7;7.7 Conclusions;147
9.8;References;147
10;8 Dynamic Game-Theoretic Models of Urban Freight: Formulation and Solution Approach;151
10.1;8.1 Introduction;151
10.2;8.2 Background;153
10.3;8.3 Obtaining a Dynamic Urban Freight Trip Table;158
10.4;8.4 A Dynamic Carriers’ Model for Urban Freight;163
10.5;8.5 Post-Processing to Identify Carrier Routes;166
10.6;8.6 Algorithms for Dynamic Variational Inequalities;166
10.7;8.7 Future Research;166
10.8;References;168
11;9 A Multi-Criteria Methodology for Stated Preferences Among Freight Transport Alternatives;170
11.1;9.1 Introduction;170
11.2;9.2 The Questionnaire and Stated Preference Experiment;171
11.3;9.3 The UTA Model;175
11.4;9.4 Preliminary Results of the Multi-Criteria Analysis;180
11.5;9.5 Conclusion;184
11.6;References;184
12;10 An Adaptive Conjoint Analysis of Freight Service Alternatives: Evaluating the Maritime Option;187
12.1;10.1 Introduction;187
12.2;10.2 Data Base Construction Methodology;188
12.3;10.3 Data Analysis and Estimation Methodology;194
12.4;10.4 Concluding Remarks;200
12.5;Acknowledgments;202
12.6;References;202
13;11 Small-World Phenomena in Communications Networks: A Cross- Atlantic Comparison;206
13.1;11.1 Introduction;206
13.2;11.2 Small-World Network Analysis;207
13.3;11.3 Empirical Experiments;211
13.4;11.4 Conclusions: Towards a Cross-Atlantic Agenda;222
13.5;Acknowledgements;223
13.6;References;223
13.7;Appendix 11.A;225
14;12 The Diffusion of Cellular Phones: A Model for Italy and a Comparison with the United States;226
14.1;12.1 Introduction;226
14.2;12.2 Model and Data;227
14.3;12.3 The Results;230
14.4;12.3 Conclusions;240
14.5;References;241
15;13 Congestion Charging at Airports: Dealing with an Inherent Complexity;243
15.1;13.1 Introduction;243
15.2;13.2 Demand Capacity and Congestion at European and U. S. Airports;244
15.3;13.3 Charging Congestion at Airports;249
15.4;13.4 Modelling Congestion Charging at an Airport;252
15.5;13.5 An Application of the Proposed Models;260
15.6;13.6 Conclusions;268
15.7;References;270
16;14 Short- and Long-Term Reaction of European Airlines to Exogenous Demand Shifts;272
16.1;14.1 Introduction;272
16.2;14.2 Exogenous Demand Shifts: The American and Asian Crises;275
16.3;14.3 The Theoretical Model;279
16.4;14.4 The Empirical Analysis;285
16.5;14.5 Conclusions;297
16.6;References;298
17;15 Taxes and the Environmental Impact of Private Car Use: Evidence from 68 Cities;300
17.1;15.1 Introduction;300
17.2;15.2 Previous Research and Theoretical Considerations;302
17.3;15.3 Data Description;307
17.4;15.4 Regression Results;312
17.5;15.5 Final Comments;314
17.6;References;315
17.7;Appendix 15.A;317
18;16 European Perspectives on a New Fiscal Framework for Transport;319
18.1;16.1 The Purposes of Taxation;319
18.2;16.2 Fiscal Measures to Promote Cleaner Cars;320
18.3;16.3 Eco-Reform or Eco-Transformation?;327
18.4;16.4 Conclusions;332
18.5;References;332
19;17 Time and Travel;334
19.1;17.1 Introduction;334
19.2;17.2 The Nature of Time;335
19.3;17.3 The Treatment of Time;336
19.4;17.4 Congestion Charging;341
19.5;17.5 Transport and ICT;343
19.6;17.6 Conclusion;345
19.7;References;346
20;List of Contributors;348
21;List of Referees;353
22;Subject Index;356