E-Book, Englisch, Band 35, 334 Seiten
Rehbinder / Engelhard / Hagen Pharming
1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-3-540-85793-8
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
Promises and risks ofbBiopharmaceuticals derived from genetically modified plants and animals
E-Book, Englisch, Band 35, 334 Seiten
Reihe: Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment
ISBN: 978-3-540-85793-8
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
A recently established technique termed pharming uses genetically modified plants and animals for the production of biopharmaceuticals. The present interdisciplinary study comprises an extended overview of the state of the art of pharming, as well as in depth analyses of the environmental risks and other ethical and legal issues of pharming. Public attitudes to pharming are investigated on the basis of an original survey in 15 countries worldwide. The study concludes with specific recommendations addressed towards science, industry and politics.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
1;Preface;7
2;Foreword;9
3;Short table of contents;11
4;Comprehensive table of contents;13
5;List of abbreviations;19
6;1 Introduction;21
7;2 The technology of pharming;29
7.1;2.1 Recombinant pharmaceutical proteins – the advent of biotechnology;29
7.2;2.2 Plants as a production platform for recombinant biopharmaceuticals;31
7.3;2.3 Animals as a production platform for recombinant biopharmaceuticals;47
7.4;2.4 Quality and safety of the product;83
7.5;2.5 Choice of expression systems;84
7.6;2.6 References;86
8;3 Risk assessment of plant pharming and animal pharming;93
8.1;3.1 Environmental risks and co-existence of plants genetically modified for production of pharmaceuticals;93
8.2;3.2 Environmental risks of animal pharming;113
8.3;3.3 References;115
9;4 The welfare of pharming animals;121
9.1;4.1 Introduction;121
9.2;4.2 Animal welfare risks;122
9.3;4.3 The concept and assessment of animal welfare;124
9.4;4.4 Animal welfare considerations in the animal pharming production phase;125
9.5;4.5 Animal welfare considerations in the development phase;129
9.6;4.6 Conclusions;135
9.7;4.7 References;137
10;5 Public views and attitudes to pharming;141
10.1;5.1 Introduction;141
10.2;5.2 Methodological considerations;146
10.3;5.3 Attitudes to pharming in advanced societies: awareness and evaluative perspectives;151
10.4;5.4 A differentiated landscape of perceptions of pharming;156
10.5;5.5 Preferences for methods of production of pharmaceuticals;162
10.6;5.6 Awareness and acceptance of plant and animal pharming;163
10.7;5.7 Elements of an explanatory model;164
10.8;5.8 Conclusions;172
10.9;5.9 Tables;173
10.10;5.10 References;196
11;6 The ethical evaluation of pharming;199
11.1;6.1 Introduction;199
11.2;6.2 Foundations of moral reasoning;200
11.3;6.3 Common moral concerns regarding pharming;204
11.4;6.4 Risk assessment and risk-benefit analysis;213
11.5;6.5 References;218
12;7 The role of patents in the development of pharming;221
12.1;7.1 The general justification of patents;221
12.2;7.2 The existing regulatory framework;222
12.3;7.3 Basic rules on patentability of biological products, biological material and biological and microbiological processes;223
12.4;7.4 Extent of protection;225
12.5;7.5 Mandatory licenses;226
12.6;7.6 Patents as obstacles to innovation in pharming?;227
12.7;7.7 References;231
13;8 Legal problems of pharming;233
13.1;8.1 Introduction;233
13.2;8.2 Development phase I: Protection from risks to the environment caused by the use and release of GMOs;233
13.3;8.3 Development phase II: Animal protection;261
13.4;8.4 Development phase III: Protection of occupational safety and health in the development of recombinant medicinal products;275
13.5;8.5 Development phase IV: Regulation of development medicinal products;277
13.6;8.6 Market authorization phase;278
13.7;8.7 Production phase;287
13.8;8.8 References;303
14;9 Conclusions and recommendations;311
14.1;9.1 Pharming technology and its market;311
14.2;9.2 Public attitudes and moral evaluation;312
14.3;9.3 The assessment and management of risks associated with pharming;314
15;Glossary;323
16;Appendix: Examples of GM pharmaceutical crops and animals;335
17;List of authors;343
18;Index;349
