Richards Radio Wave Propagation

An Introduction for the Non-Specialist
1. Auflage 2008
ISBN: 978-3-540-77125-8
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 127 Seiten

This work treats the essential elements of radio wave propagation without requiring recourse to advanced electromagnetic concepts and equations. However, it provides sufficient detail to allow those concerned with wireless systems to acquire quickly a practical working knowledge of the important concepts. Radio wave propagation is placed in a practical context by considering the design aspects of communications systems at microwave frequencies. A fuller consideration of the electromagnetic properties of materials is given late in the book rather than as an introductory chapter.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Richards, John A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Contents;7
3;Chapter 1 Fundamental Concepts: Propagation in Free Space;10
3.1;1.1 Free Space Versus Guided Propagation of RadioWaves;10
3.2;1.2 The Concept of Power Density;10
3.3;1.3 Electric and Magnetic Field Components;12
3.4;1.4 Velocity of Propagation and Frequency-Wavelength Relationship;14
3.5;1.5 Friis’ Radiation Formula;15
3.6;1.6 Band Designation for RadioWaves;16
3.7;1.7 RadioWave Propagation Near the Earth;17
3.8;1.8 Allocating the Radio Spectrum;19
4;Chapter 2 The SurfaceWave;22
4.1;2.1 Ideal SurfaceWave Field Strength;22
4.2;2.2 The Case of a Real Earth;23
4.3;2.3 Incorporating Earth Curvature and Atmospheric Refraction;26
4.4;2.4 Propagation at Very Low Frequencies;27
5;Chapter 3 The Sky Wave;32
5.1;3.1 The Ionosphere;32
5.2;3.2 The Refractive Index of an Ionospheric Layer;35
5.3;3.3 Refraction of a Radio Wave in the Ionosphere;36
5.4;3.4 The Set of Critical Frequencies;39
5.5;3.5 The Virtual Height of an Ionospheric Layer;40
5.6;3.6 Maximum Usable Frequency and Skip Distance;44
5.7;3.7 Range of the SkyWave;45
6;Chapter 4 The Space Wave;48
6.1;4.1 The Received Field Strength;48
6.2;4.2 Effect of Earth Curvature on SpaceWave Propagation;52
6.3;4.3 Diffraction;54
6.4;4.4 Refraction of the SpaceWave;57
6.5;4.5 Effect of Rainfall on SpaceWave Propagation;62
6.6;4.6 Atmospheric Attenuation;63
7;Chapter 5 Noise;66
7.1;5.1 What is Noise?;66
7.2;5.2 Sources of Noise;67
7.3;5.2 Sources of Noise;67
7.4;5.3 The Concept of Noise Temperature;68
7.5;5.4 The Noise Temperature of a Two Port;68
7.6;5.5 Noise Figure;70
7.7;5.6 Relationship Between Noise Figure and Output Signal to Noise Ratio;70
7.8;5.7 The Noise Properties of a Passive Two Port;71
7.9;5.8 Cascaded Two Ports: Friis’ Noise Formula;72
8;Chapter 6 Examples of Microwave Systems;77
8.1;6.1 The Design of Open Microwave Repeater Systems;77
8.2;6.2 Propagation Aspects of Satellite Communication Systems;83
8.3;6.3 The Propagation Aspects of Cellular Radio;87
8.4;6.4 Mobile Wireless Systems;89
9;Chapter 7 The Effect of Materials on Propagation;94
9.1;7.1 Background;94
9.2;7.2 Propagation in Homogeneous Media;95
9.3;7.3 Frequency Dependence of Material Properties;99
9.4;7.4 Interactions with Ideal Interfaces;103
9.5;7.5 Reflection from Rough Surfaces;106
9.6;7.6 Transmission Through Media;108
9.7;7.7 Propagation in Tunnels;109
10;Appendix A A Simple Introduction to Antennas;113
10.1;A.1 Introduction: Radiation Resistance and Radiation Patterns;113
10.2;A.2 The Directivity and Gain of an Antenna;116
10.3;A.3 The Aperture of an Antenna;118
10.4;A.4 Radiated Fields;118
10.5;A.5 Some Typical Antennas;121
10.6;A.6 Baluns;123
11;Appendix B The Use of Decibels in Communications Engineering;124
12;Appendix C The Dielectric Constant of an Ionospheric Layer;126
13;Index;130