Robitaille / Berliner Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging

1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-0-387-49648-1
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 475 Seiten

The foundation for understanding the function and dynamics of biological systems is not only knowledge of their structure, but the new methodologies and applications used to determine that structure. This volume in Biological Magnetic Resonance emphasizes the methods that involve Ultra High Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. It will interest researchers working in the field of imaging.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Robitaille, Pierre-Marie

Berliner, Lawrence

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;CONTRIBUTORS;7
2;FOREWORD;12
3;PREFACE;13
4;CONTENTS;16
5;CHAPTER 1 ULTRA HIGH FIELD MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE;21
5.1;1. INTRODUCTION;21
5.2;2. ULTRA HIGH FIELD MRI;22
5.3;3. CONCLUSION;27
5.4;4. REFERENCES;28
6;CHAPTER 2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR ULTRA HIGH FIELD MRI MAGNET SYSTEMS;38
6.1;1. INTRODUCTION;38
6.2;2. THE EVOLUTION OF HIGH FIELD MRI;38
6.3;3. MAGNET DESIGN STRATEGIES;41
6.4;4. CRYOSTATS;46
6.5;5. SHIELDING;49
6.6;6. SHIMMING;51
6.7;7. MRI ABOVE 9.4 TESLA;56
6.8;8. THE FUTURE OF MRI;59
6.9;9. CONCLUSIONS;61
6.10;10. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;61
6.11;11. REFERENCES;62
7;CHAPTER 3 HARDWARE CONSIDERATIONS IN ULTRAHIGH FIELD MRI: AN OVERVIEW OF SYSTEM INTEGRATION;63
7.1;1. INTRODUCTION;63
7.2;2. MOTIVATION FOR UHFMRI;64
7.3;3. MAGNETS FOR UHFMRI;65
7.4;4. GRADIENT COILS AND DRIVERS;68
7.5;5. RF COILS AND COIL INTERFACES;69
7.6;6. DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS AND CONSIDERATIONS;71
7.7;7. CONCLUSIONS;73
7.8;8. REFERENCES;74
8;CHAPTER 4 ASPECTS OF CLINICAL IMAGING AT 7 T;76
8.1;1. INTRODUCTION;76
8.2;2. GENERAL SYSTEM CONFIGURATION OF A 7T CLINICAL MRI SYSTEM;79
8.3;3. CHALLENGES OF CLINICAL IMAGING AT 7T;100
8.4;4. CLINICAL SCANNING ON 7 T;104
8.5;5. SUMMARY;113
8.6;6. ACKNOWLEDGMENT;115
8.7;7. REFERENCES;115
9;CHAPTER 5 THE CHALLENGES OF INTEGRATING A 9.4T MR SCANNER FOR HUMAN BRAIN IMAGING;121
9.1;1. INTRODUCTION;121
9.2;2. CHOICE OF MAGNETIC FIELD STRENGTH;122
9.3;3. SITE PLANNING;123
9.4;4. RESULTS;139
9.5;5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;142
9.6;6. REFERENCES;142
10;CHAPTER 6 ULTRAHIGH FIELD MRI: HIGH-FREQUENCY COILS;143
10.1;1. INTRODUCTION;143
10.2;2. RF COIL LOSSES;144
10.3;3. EFFICIENT COIL DESIGN;148
10.4;4. VOLUME COILS;158
10.5;5. CONCLUSION;172
10.6;6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;173
10.7;7. REFERENCES;173
11;CHAPTER 7 APERSPECTIVE INTO ULTRA HIGH FIELD MRI RF COILS;178
11.1;1. INTRODUCTION;178
11.2;2. THE APPROACH TO RF COIL DESIGN: NOW AND THEN;179
11.3;3. RF COIL SIMULATOR USING THE FDTD METHOD;182
11.4;4. RF POWER REQUIREMENTS IN MRI;189
11.5;5. THE ROAD TO CLINICALLY USEFUL IMAGES;193
11.6;6. CONCLUDING REMARKS;217
11.7;7. REFERENCES;217
12;CHAPTER 8 RADIOFREQUENCY FIELD CALCULATIONS FOR HIGH FIELD MRI;224
12.1;1. INTRODUCTION;224
12.2;2. ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF TISSUE AS FUNCTIONS OF B1 FREQUENCY;225
12.3;3. NUMERICAL RF FIELD CALCULATIONS: THE FDTD METHOD;227
12.4;4. RELATING FIELD CALCULATION RESULTS TO MRI;237
12.5;5. RESULTS OF RF FIELD CALCULATIONS FOR HIGH FIELD MRI ;248
12.6;6. REFERENCES;257
13;CHAPTER 9 MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY EFFECTS IN HIGH FIELD MRI;264
13.1;1. INTRODUCTION;264
13.2;2. MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY;265
13.3;3. T2* CONTRAST AT HIGH MAGNETIC FIELD;266
13.4;4. MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY EFFECT: A BLESSING AND A CURSE FOR HIGH FIELD MRI;268
13.5;5. CHARACTERIZATION OF MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY-INDUCED FIELD DISTORTION;269
13.6;6. MAGNETIC FIELD INHOMOGENEITY ARTIFACTS AND REDUCTION;273
13.7;7. IMAGE BLURRING AND GEOMETRIC DISTORTION ARTIFACTS IN RAPID IMAGING AND CORRECTION;285
13.8;8. FINAL REMARKS;295
13.9;9. REFERENCES;295
14;CHAPTER 10 HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS FOR IMAGING CEREBRAL MORPHOLOGY, FUNCTION, AND BIOCHEMISTRY;300
14.1;1. INTRODUCTION;300
14.2;2. SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO;302
14.3;3. IMAGE INTENSITY AND B1 NONUNIFORMITIES AT HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS;306
14.4;4. MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGING OF BRAIN TISSUE;310
14.5;5. FUNCTIONAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL IMAGING IN THE BRAIN ;315
14.6;6. PARALLEL IMAGING;336
14.7;7. IMAGING USING LOW-GYROMAGNETIC NUCLEI;337
14.8;8. SPECTROSCOPY AT HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS;340
14.9;9. CONCLUSION;346
14.10;10. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;346
14.11;11. REFERENCES;346
15;CHAPTER 11 HIGH-RESOLUTION AND MICROSCOPIC IMAGING AT HIGH FIELD;358
15.1;1. INTRODUCTION;358
15.2;2. MR INSTRUMENTATION FOR MICROIMAGING;359
15.3;3. MYELIN-BASED MICROIMAGING CORTICAL LAMINA;367
15.4;4. MICROIMAGING IN THE EX-VIVO HUMAN BRAIN;375
15.5;5. CONCLUSIONS;381
15.6;6. REFERENCES;381
16;CHAPTER 12 IN-VIVO NMRSPECTROSCOPY OF THE BRAIN AT HIGH FIELDS;387
16.1;1. INTRODUCTION;387
16.2;2. GENERAL SENSITIVITY CONSIDERATIONS;388
16.3;3. RF CONSIDERATIONS;390
16.4;4. IN-VIVO 13 C NMR SPECTROSCOPY;394
16.5;5. IN-VIVO 1 H NMR SPECTROSCOPY;398
16.6;6. INSIGHTS FROM HIGH FIELD NMR SPECTROSCOPY STUDIES OF THE BRAIN;402
16.7;7. OUTLOOK;414
16.8;8. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;415
16.9;9. REFERENCES;416
17;CHAPTER 13 CLINICAL PROMISE: CLINICAL IMAGING AT ULTRA HIGH FIELD;424
17.1;1. INTRODUCTION;424
17.2;2. HIGH-RESOLUTION ANATOMICAL IMAGING;425
17.3;3. CEREBROVASCULAR SMALL-VESSEL DISEASE;429
17.4;4. STROKE IMAGING;432
17.5;5. TUMOR IMAGING;436
17.6;6. FUNCTIONAL MRI AND SPECTROSCOPY;443
17.7;7. SAFETY AND LIMITATIONS;444
17.8;8. CONCLUSIONS;445
17.9;9. REFERENCES;445
18;CONTENTS OF PREVIOUS VOLUMES ;451
18.1;VOLUME 1;451
18.2;VOLUME 2;451
18.3;VOLUME 3;452
18.4;VOLUME 4;453
18.5;VOLUME 5;453
18.6;VOLUME 6;454
18.7;VOLUME 7;454
18.8;VOLUME 8;455
18.9;VOLUME 9;456
18.10;VOLUME 10;457
18.11;VOLUME 11;457
18.12;VOLUME 12;458
18.13;VOLUME 13;458
18.14;VOLUME 14 ;459
18.15;VOLUME 15;461
18.16;VOLUME 16;461
18.17;VOLUME 17;462
18.18;VOLUME 18;464
18.19;VOLUME 19;466
18.20;VOLUME 21;468
18.21;VOLUME 22;469
18.22;VOLUME 23 ;471
18.23;VOLUME 24 ;473
18.24;VOLUME 25;474
19;INDEX;475