Rödder / Franzen / Weingart The Sciences' Media Connection -Public Communication and its Repercussions

1. Auflage 2011
ISBN: 978-94-007-2085-5
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 28, 380 Seiten

Reihe: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook

The Yearbook addresses the overriding question: what are the effects of the 'opening up' of science to the media? Theoretical considerations and a host of empirical studies covering different configurations provide an in-depth analysis of the sciences' media connection and its repercussions on science itself. They help to form a sound judgement on this recent development.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Rödder, Simone

Franzen, Martina

Weingart, Peter

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;5
2;Acknowledgements;6
3;Contents;7
4;Contributors;9
5;Part I Introduction;11
5.1;1 Exploring the Impact of Science Communication on Scientific Knowledge Production: An Introduction;12
5.1.1;1.1 Science in the News;12
5.1.2;1.2 The Concept of Medialization;13
5.1.3;1.3 The View from Science Policy;14
5.1.4;1.4 Roots: Studies of Science and the Mass Media;16
5.1.5;1.5 Science and Its Publics;18
5.1.6;1.6 Change of Perspective: A Differentiation Theory Approach;19
5.1.7;References;21
6;Part II Medialization of Science -- Theoretical Considerations;24
6.1;2 The Lure of the Mass Media and Its Repercussions on Science;25
6.1.1;2.1 The Issue;25
6.1.2;2.2 Similarities and Differences Between Communication in Science and by the Mass Media: Types of Knowledge and Publics Addressed;26
6.1.3;2.3 Democratization and the Emergence of Mass Media;30
6.1.4;2.4 Conceptualizing the 'Medialization' of Science;32
6.1.4.1;2.4.1 Science as a Social System and the Science-Media Coupling;33
6.1.4.2;2.4.2 Resonance Between Science and the Media;34
6.1.5;2.5 Conclusion: Medialization as Coupling of Systems;38
6.1.6;References;39
7;Part III Media Coverage of Science;41
7.1;3 Public Attention to Science 1820–2010 -- A ‘Longue Durée’ Picture;42
7.1.1;3.1 Public Spheres, Public Attention and News Intensity;44
7.1.2;3.2 Studies of Long-Term Science News Intensity;45
7.1.3;3.3 Constructing an Index of Fluctuations and Ignoring Volume;48
7.1.4;3.4 Additional Evidence of Ups and Peaks, Downs and Troughs;50
7.1.5;3.5 Why Is Public Attention to Science Not Constant?;53
7.1.5.1;3.5.1 Changing Societal Contexts;54
7.1.5.2;3.5.2 Endogenous Factors in the Operations of Science;58
7.1.6;3.6 Conclusion;59
7.1.7;3.7 Appendix: How to Calculate the Index of Public Attention?;60
7.1.8;References;61
7.2;4 Issue Selection in Science Journalism: Towards a Special Theory of News Values for Science News?;65
7.2.1;4.1 Introduction;65
7.2.2;4.2 Favourite Topics in Media Coverage of Science;67
7.2.3;4.3 Inside the Science Section: The Practitioner's Perspective;68
7.2.3.1;4.3.1 Time Dependent Selection Factors;68
7.2.3.1.1;4.3.1.1 Passive Background Effect (Crowding Out);68
7.2.3.1.2;4.3.1.2 Active Background Effect (Pulling In);69
7.2.3.2;4.3.2 Time Independent Selection Factors;70
7.2.4;4.4 The Theoretical Perspective of News Values: From General Journalism to Science Journalism;72
7.2.4.1;4.4.1 The Theory of News Values;72
7.2.4.2;4.4.2 News Factors in the Context of Science Journalism;73
7.2.5;4.5 Development of a Revised Catalogue of News Factors and a First Empirical Test;75
7.2.5.1;4.5.1 A Draft Catalogue of News Factors for Science Coverage;75
7.2.5.1.1;4.5.1.1 Analysis of Existing Catalogues of News Factors;76
7.2.5.2;4.5.2 Sample and Methods for the First Examination of the Draft Catalogue;80
7.2.5.3;4.5.3 Results;81
7.2.5.4;4.5.4 Reduction of the Draft Catalogue of News Factors;84
7.2.5.5;4.5.5 Summary and Limits of the Results of the Empirical Analysis;84
7.2.6;4.6 Conclusions and Forecast;86
7.2.6.1;4.6.1 Further Research Needed for a Final Catalogue;87
7.2.6.2;4.6.2 Lessons to be Learned for Research Outside the Science Sections;88
7.2.7;References;89
7.3;5 The Medialization of Regenerative Medicine: Frames and Metaphors in UK News Stories;92
7.3.1;5.1 The Nature of Medialization;92
7.3.2;5.2 Media Communication of Science;94
7.3.3;5.3 Regenerative Medicine in the Media;96
7.3.4;5.4 Scientific Revolutions and Medical Miracles;98
7.3.5;5.5 Autonomy and Control;101
7.3.6;5.6 Regenerative Medicine and Medialization;103
7.3.7;5.7 Conclusions;105
7.3.8;References;108
7.4;6 Medialization and Credibility: Paradoxical Effect or (Re)-Stabilization of Boundaries? Epidemiology and Stem Cell Research in the Press;111
7.4.1;6.1 Introduction;111
7.4.2;6.2 Epidemiology and Stem Cell Research -- Between Routine Coverage of Science for Policy and Science Policy for Breakthrough Science;116
7.4.2.1;6.2.1 Epidemiology;116
7.4.2.1.1;6.2.1.1 Method and Material;116
7.4.2.1.2;6.2.1.2 Empirical Results;117
7.4.2.2;6.2.2 Stem Cell Research;124
7.4.2.2.1;6.2.2.1 Method and Material;124
7.4.2.2.2;6.2.2.2 Empirical Results;125
7.4.2.2.3;6.2.2.3 Science as ''Sport'';126
7.4.2.2.4;6.2.2.4 Science as a ''Guild'';127
7.4.2.2.5;6.2.2.5 Science as ''Hubris'';128
7.4.3;6.3 Conclusion;130
7.4.4;References;132
8;Part IV Scientists' Attitudes to Media Visibility;135
8.1;7 Re-ordering Epistemic Living Spaces: On the Tacit Governance Effects of the Public Communication of Science;136
8.1.1;7.1 Eroding Demarcations Between Science and Society and the Consequence for Research(ers);138
8.1.2;7.2 Material and Methods;141
8.1.3;7.3 Tracing Medialization;143
8.1.3.1;7.3.1 Keeping Society Close but Outside -- ' Scientists' Narratives on Sciences' Strategic Use of the Media;143
8.1.3.2;7.3.2 Press-Packaging Science? Why and How Life Scientists Relate Their Work to the Media;145
8.1.3.3;7.3.3 Their Stories About Us and Our Stories About Ourselves. Researchers' Perception of Their Work Between Media Narratives and Everyday Practice;147
8.1.4;7.4 Tacit Governance Effects of the Medialization of Science;150
8.1.4.1;7.4.1 The Impact of Media and Societal Framings on the Development of Research Fields in the Austrian Life Sciences;150
8.1.4.2;7.4.2 On Becoming a Scientist -- Media Images and the Career Decisions of Young Scientists;152
8.1.5;7.5 Discussion and Conclusion;154
8.1.6;References;156
8.2;8 The Ambivalence of Visible Scientists;158
8.2.1;8.1 Introduction;158
8.2.2;8.2 “Shun the Limelight” or “Thou Shalt Communicate”?;160
8.2.3;8.3 Material and Methods;164
8.2.4;8.4 Results;165
8.2.4.1;8.4.1 Normative Expectations Towards Visible Scientists;165
8.2.4.2;8.4.2 Are Scientists ''Media Shy''?;167
8.2.4.3;8.4.3 Ambivalence Management;171
8.2.4.3.1;8.4.3.1 Condition 1: Sound Scientific Work;172
8.2.4.3.2;8.4.3.2 Condition 2: Reference to an Institutional Role;172
8.2.4.3.3;8.4.3.3 Condition 3: No Proactive Media Contact;173
8.2.4.4;8.4.4 Visibility as Part of the Role-Set of Scientists?;174
8.2.5;8.5 Conclusions;176
8.2.6;References;178
8.3;9 Practitioners' Perspective: Medialization and Scholarship: A Historian's Point of View;181
8.3.1;9.1 Getting Started;181
8.3.2;9.2 The Roles of "Public Intellectual" and "Expert";182
8.3.3;9.3 Into the Mass Media -- Transformations and Tensions;186
8.3.4;9.4 The Organizational and Social Context;187
8.3.5;Reference;188
9;Part V Organizational Responses to Media Expectations;189
9.1;10 Staging High-Visibility Science: Media Orientation in Genome Research;190
9.1.1;10.1 Introduction;190
9.1.1.1;10.1.1 Theatrical Self-Consciousness and Media Orientation;193
9.1.2;10.2 The Announcement and Mediated Reception of a Commercial Human Genome Project;195
9.1.2.1;10.2.1 The Announcement;197
9.1.2.2;10.2.2 The NHGRI's Response;201
9.1.2.3;10.2.3 The Wellcome Trust's Response;203
9.1.2.4;10.2.4 Extracting Information, Criticizing Coverage;204
9.1.2.5;10.2.5 Unavoidable Visibility;207
9.1.3;10.3 Discussion;210
9.1.4;References;214
9.2;11 Scientific Sources and the Mass Media: Forms and Consequences of Medialization;217
9.2.1;11.1 Introduction;217
9.2.2;11.2 Media Relations of Scientists and Research Organizations;218
9.2.2.1;11.2.1 Institutionalization;219
9.2.2.2;11.2.2 Professionalization;222
9.2.2.3;11.2.3 Strategic Utilization;226
9.2.3;11.3 Consequences of Medialization;228
9.2.3.1;11.3.1 Public Constructs of Science;229
9.2.3.2;11.3.2 Repercussions on the Research Process;232
9.2.3.3;11.3.3 Science-Politics Relationship;235
9.2.4;11.4 Discussion;237
9.2.5;References;238
9.3;12 Campaigns and Coalitions: Governance by Media;240
9.3.1;12.1 Introduction;240
9.3.2;12.2 Engaging the Origin Story of the Science Media Centre;242
9.3.3;12.3 Science Media Centre Origin Stories;243
9.3.4;12.4 Pro-active Reaction to the Cloning News Agenda;248
9.3.5;12.5 "A Model of How Scientists Should Engage with the Media?;249
9.3.6;12.6 Conclusion: Unashamedly Pro-Science;253
9.3.7;References;254
9.4;13 Practitioner's Perspective: The Role and Function of the Science Media Centre;256
9.4.1;13.1 Introduction;256
9.4.2;13.2 History;257
9.4.3;13.3 How the Science Media Centre Operates;260
9.4.3.1;13.3.1 The SMC Database of Experts;260
9.4.3.2;13.3.2 Rapid Reactions;261
9.4.3.3;13.3.3 Round-Up Press Releases;261
9.4.3.4;13.3.4 SMC Press Briefings;262
9.4.3.5;13.3.5 ''Crap Busting'';262
9.4.3.6;13.3.6 Supporting Scientists;263
9.4.4;13.4 Spinning for Science;263
9.4.5;13.5 Science in the Media: Turning the Tide?;265
9.4.5.1;13.5.1 An Example to Aspire To: The Battle for Human-Animal Embryos;267
9.4.6;13.6 Conclusions;269
9.4.7;References;269
10;Part VI Media Impact on Scholarly Communication;270
10.1;14 Scientists' Blogs: Glimpses Behind the Scenes;271
10.1.1;14.1 Introduction;271
10.1.2;14.2 The Slow Growth of Science Blogging;273
10.1.3;14.3 Uses and Impacts of Science Blogging;275
10.1.4;14.4 Features of Scientists' Blogs;276
10.1.5;14.5 The Special Case of Climate Science;279
10.1.6;14.6 Discussion;283
10.1.7;References;285
10.2;15 Debating Troy in the Mass Media -- The Catalytic Impact of Public Controversy on Academic Discourse;288
10.2.1;15.1 Introduction;288
10.2.2;15.2 Inter-specialist Controversy in the Mass Media;289
10.2.3;15.3 The Troy Controversy 2001–2005;291
10.2.4;15.4 Debating Troy in the Media;296
10.2.5;15.5 Conclusions: Catalytic Dynamics in Public Debates;299
10.2.6;References;301
10.3;16 Diagnosing the Present: Towards a Sociology of Medialized Social Science;304
10.3.1;16.1 Introduction: A Sociology of Sociological Knowledge;304
10.3.2;16.2 Medialization, Popularization, and Autonomous Science;306
10.3.3;16.3 Media Experts and Public Intellectuals: A Delicate Distinction for the Social Sciences;308
10.3.4;16.4 From Intellectual Discourse to Diagnoses of the Present;310
10.3.5;16.5 Making Social Change Newsworthy;316
10.3.6;16.6 Conclusion: Medialized Sociology and the Public Intellectual;322
10.3.7;References;325
10.4;17 Making Science News: The Press Relations of Scientific Journals and Implications for Scholarly Communication;330
10.4.1;17.1 Introduction;330
10.4.2;17.2 The Scientific Publication System;331
10.4.3;17.3 Publishing Decisions at Scientific Journals;333
10.4.4;17.4 A Media Conflict in Science?;335
10.4.5;17.5 Characteristics of a Media Conflict: A Case Study on Stem Cell Research;339
10.4.6;17.6 Discussion: The Medialization Effects on Scholarly Communication;343
10.4.7;References;346
10.5;18 Practitioner's Perspective: Science as a Public Resource: Rules of Engagement;350
10.5.1;18.1 Opening Access to Scientific Information;350
10.5.2;18.2 Run-Away Media;352
10.5.3;18.3 Inviting Public Participation;354
10.5.4;References;357
11;Part VII Conclusions;358
11.1;19 Dimensions of Medialization. Concluding Remarks;359
11.1.1;19.1 Theoretical Considerations;359
11.1.2;19.2 Empirical Findings;362
11.1.3;19.3 Conclusions;367
11.1.4;References;369
11.2;Biographical Notes;370