Romero / Zhao / Zhou Chinese Fishes

1. Auflage 2009
ISBN: 978-90-481-3458-8
Verlag: Springer-Verlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 278 Seiten

This book documents the current state of research by Chinese scientists on fish biology and fisheries and brings together manuscripts by authors from research institutions, universities and government agencies. There are papers on aquaculture, life history, genetics, marine and freshwater biology, conservation, physiology, new species descriptions, and truly amazing hypogean fishes. The information on these remarkable cave species shows how much we have yet to learn from that incredible fauna. There are papers dealing with some of the largest fishes and some of the smallest cave species. There are papers dealing with some of the most traditional forms of aquaculture and others with the most modern molecular techniques. The volume includes papers on critically threatened native fishes as well as the most common food species, such as grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). The information on rare and threatened species shows how China is dealing with their endangered fishes. The information on their carp species will be invaluable to those in other countries who will either take advantage of the productive carp species in aquaculture or try to manage them as invasive species outside China. For the first time we bring together a complete overview of the state of fisheries research in China.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Romero, Aldemaro

Zhao, Yahui

Zhou, Yingqi

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Introducing China;2
1.1;References;10
2;Threatened fishes of the world: Brachymystax lenok tsinlingensis Li, 1966 (Salmonidae);11
2.1;References;12
3;Changes in abundance of larvae of the four domestic Chinese carps in the middle reach of the Yangtze River,...;13
3.1;Abstract;13
3.2;Introduction;13
3.3;Materials and methods;14
3.3.1;Sampling area;14
3.3.2;Sampling design and collecting methods;14
3.3.3;Sample preservation;14
3.3.4;Environmental parameters;15
3.3.5;Calculation of spawning ground and larvae amount;16
3.4;Results;16
3.4.1;Reproductive habit of the four domestic fishes;16
3.4.1.1;Silver carp;16
3.4.1.2;Bighead carp;16
3.4.1.3;Grass carp;17
3.4.1.4;Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus);17
3.4.2;Spawning grounds;17
3.4.3;Larval abundance;17
3.4.4;Relative abundances of fish larvae;17
3.4.5;Peaks in larval abundance and hydrology;18
3.4.5.1;Water temperature;18
3.4.5.2;Hydrograph and larval flood;18
3.5;Discussion;18
3.5.1;Relationship between hydrograph and larval flood;18
3.5.2;Effect of the three gorges project on larval abundance and composition;19
3.5.3;Effect of the three gorges project on spawning ground and spawning;20
3.5.4;Protection of the four domestic fishes;21
3.6;References;22
4;The fish fauna of mountain streams in the Guanshan National Nature Reserve, Jiangxi, China;23
4.1;Abstract;23
4.2;Introduction;23
4.3;Methods;24
4.3.1;Site selection;24
4.3.2;Fish sampling;24
4.3.3;Data analysis;24
4.4;Results;24
4.4.1;Stream characteristics and physicochemical parameters;24
4.4.2;Fish fauna of the GNNR;25
4.5;Discussion;26
4.6;References;27
5;Threatened fishes of the world: Schizothorax taliensis Regan, 1907 (Cyprinidae);28
5.1;References;29
6;A review of the genus Distoechodon (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), and description of a new species;30
6.1;Abstract;30
6.2;Introduction;30
6.3;Materials and methods;31
6.4;Results;31
6.4.1;Key to Xenocyprinid genera;31
6.4.2;Key to genera of the Xenoxyprininae;32
6.4.3;Key to species of Distoechodon;32
6.4.3.1;Distoechodon Peters 1881;32
6.4.4;Key to species of Distoechodon;32
6.4.4.1;Distoechodon tumirostris Peters 1881 (Fig.&newnbsp;2A, Table&newnbsp1);336.4.4.2;Specimens examined33
6.4.4.3;Distoechodon compressus (Nichols), 1925 (Fig.&newnbsp;2B, Table&newnbsp1);366.4.4.4;Distoechodon multispinnis (Banarescu), 1970 (Fig.&newnbsp2C, Table&newnbsp1);376.4.4.5;Distoechodon macrophthalmus sp. nov. (Fig.&newnbsp2D, Table&newnbsp1);396.5;Discussion41
6.5.1;References;42
7;Otolith microstructure of Oxygymnocypris stewartii...;44
7.1;Abstract;44
7.1.1;Introduction;44
7.1.2;Materials and methods;45
7.1.2.1;Sampling;45
7.1.2.2;Otolith preparation;45
7.1.2.3;Counting the number of microincrements;45
7.1.2.4;Marginal increment ratio analysis;45
7.1.2.5;Analytical software;46
7.1.3;Results;46
7.1.3.1;Otolith microstructure;46
7.1.3.2;Validation of the daily periodicity of microincrements deposition;46
7.1.3.3;Characteristics of the microincrements;46
7.1.3.4;Validation of the time of the annulus formation;47
7.1.3.5;Checks in otolith sections;48
7.1.4;Discussion;48
7.1.4.1;Validation of daily increments;48
7.1.4.2;Growth characteristics;49
7.1.4.3;Checks in otolith sections;50
7.1.5;References;51
8;Otolith characteristics and age determination of an endemic Ptychobarbus dipogon...;52
8.1;Abstract;52
8.2;Introduction;52
8.3;Materials and methods;53
8.3.1;Collection of samples;53
8.3.2;Otolith preparation and microstructural measurement;53
8.3.3;Otolith reading and age validation;53
8.3.4;Marginal increment ratio analysis;54
8.4;Results;54
8.4.1;Otolith morphometrics and readability;54
8.4.2;Microstructural features and daily increments;55
8.4.3;Annuli characteristics and age validation;55
8.4.4;Marginal increment ratio and annuli formation;57
8.5;Discussion;57
8.5.1;References;59
9;Threatened fishes of the world: Trachidermus fasciatus Heckel, 1837 (Cottidae);61
9.1;References;62
10;Detection of hybridization between two loach species...;63
10.1;Abstract;63
10.1.1;Introduction;63
10.1.2;Materials and methods;64
10.1.2.1;Sample collection and artificial crosses;64
10.1.2.2;Chromosome analyses;64
10.1.2.3;Genetic analyses with microsatellite DNA;64
10.1.3;Results;65
10.1.3.1;Cytology and morphology of artificial hybrids;65
10.1.3.2;Genetic analyses of artificial hybrids;65
10.1.3.3;Analyses of the wild populations using microsatellite DNA;67
10.1.4;Discussion;67
10.1.5;References;69
11;Threatened fishes of the world: Onychostoma alticorpus (Oshima, 1920) (Cyprinidae);70
11.1;Abstract;70
11.1.1;References;71
12;Age composition, growth, and reproductive biology of yellow catfish...;72
12.1;Abstract;72
12.1.1;Introduction;72
12.1.2;Materials and methods;73
12.1.2.1;Study site and sampling procedure;73
12.1.2.2;Age and growth;74
12.1.2.3;Gonadosomatic index;74
12.1.2.4;Oocyte size-frequency distributions;74
12.1.2.5;Fecundity;75
12.1.2.6;Statistical analysis;75
12.1.3;Results;75
12.1.3.1;Sex ratio;75
12.1.3.2;Size and age distribution;76
12.1.3.3;Sex characters;76
12.1.3.4;Spawning season and patterns;77
12.1.3.5;Fecundity;80
12.1.4;Discussion;81
12.1.5;References;84
13;The reproductive traits of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario L.) from the Yadong River, Tibet;86
13.1;Abstract;86
13.1.1;Introduction;86
13.1.2;Methods and materials;87
13.1.3;Results;88
13.1.4;Discussion;90
13.1.5;References;92
14;Age structure, growth and mortality estimates of an endemic Ptychobarbus dipogon...;94
14.1;Abstract;94
14.1.1;Introduction;94
14.1.1.1;Study area;95
14.1.2;Materials and methods;96
14.1.2.1;Sample collection;96
14.1.2.2;Age estimates;96
14.1.2.3;Growth modeling;97
14.1.2.4;Mortality estimation;97
14.1.2.5;Data analysis;97
14.1.3;Results;97
14.1.3.1;Length–frequency distributions;97
14.1.3.2;Length–weight relationship;97
14.1.3.3;Age structure;98
14.1.3.4;Growth characteristics;99
14.1.3.5;Mortality estimation;99
14.1.4;Discussion;99
14.1.5;References;101
15;Threatened fishes of the world: Gobiocypris rarus Ye and Fu, 1983 (Cypinidae);103
15.1;References;104
16;Degradation of icefishes (Salangidae) in the Yangtze River basin of China: threats and strategies;105
16.1;Abstract;105
16.1.1;Introduction;105
16.1.2;Materials and methods;106
16.1.2.1;Study area;106
16.1.2.2;Sampling methodology;106
16.1.2.3;Data analysis;107
16.1.3;Results;107
16.1.3.1;Species composition and economic value of icefish species;107
16.1.3.2;Stocks decline at the river basin scale;108
16.1.3.3;Size reduction of icefish assemblage in freshwater area;108
16.1.3.4;Economic extinction in local waters;109
16.1.3.5;Local extinction and spatial decline of key species;109
16.1.4;Discussion;109
16.1.4.1;Causes of icefish depletion;111
16.1.4.2;Overfishing;111
16.1.4.3;Habitat loss and degradation;111
16.1.4.4;Suggestions to icefish protection;112
16.1.5;References;112
17;Threatened fishes of the world: Yunnanilus discoloris Zhou & He 1989 (Cobitidae);114
17.1;References;115
18;Feeding, morphological changes and allometric growth during starvation in miiuy croaker larvae;116
18.1;Abstract;116
18.1.1;Introduction;116
18.1.2;Materials and methods;117
18.1.2.1;Egg incubation and larval rearing;117
18.1.2.2;Experiment I: PNR and effects of delayed first feeding on larval growth;117
18.1.2.3;Experiment II: Effects of delayed first feeding on larval survival;119
18.1.2.4;Data analysis;119
18.1.3;Results;119
18.1.3.1;Onset of first feeding and PNR;119
18.1.3.2;Morphological changes and larval growth;119
18.1.3.3;Larval survival;120
18.1.4;Discussion;120
18.1.4.1;Onset of first feeding and feeding ability of fish larvae;120
18.1.4.2;Larval survival and growth;123
18.1.5;References;124
19;Isolation of cellulose—producing microbes from the intestine of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus);126
19.1;Abstract;126
19.1.1;Introduction;126
19.1.2;Materials and methods;127
19.1.2.1;Isolation and screening of microbes;127
19.1.2.2;Cellulase enzymatic activity measurement;127
19.1.2.3;Wave length for the production after cellobiose, cellotriose and glucose oxidized by DNS;127
19.1.3;Results;128
19.1.3.1;Screening of cellulase producing microbes;128
19.1.3.2;The effect of pH on absorbance;128
19.1.3.3;The effect of culturing time on cellulase production;128
19.1.3.4;Cellulase activities and X-ray dispersion;129
19.1.4;Discussion;129
19.1.5;References;130
20;Sinocyclocheilus guilinensis, a new species from an endemic cavefish group (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) in China;131
20.1;Abstract;131
20.1.1;Introduction;131
20.1.2;Materials and methods;132
20.1.2.1;Sinocyclocheilus guilinensis sp. nov. (Fig.&newnbsp;1);13220.1.3;References136
21;Threatened fishes of the world: Squalidus iijimae (Oshima, 1919) (Cyprinidae);137
21.1;References;138
22;Comparative and evolutionary analysis in natural diploid and tetraploid weather loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus...;139
22.1;Abstract;139
22.1.1;Introduction;140
22.1.2;Material and methods;140
22.1.2.1;Specimen examination and ploidy determination;140
22.1.2.2;Total DNA extraction;140
22.1.2.3;PCR and sequencing;141
22.1.2.4;Sequence analyses;141
22.1.3;Results;141
22.1.3.1;Ploidy level of loaches samples;141
22.1.3.2;Base composition and variation;142
22.1.3.3;Amino acid variation;142
22.1.3.4;Genetic distances and genetic variation;142
22.1.3.5;Phylogenetic trees;142
22.1.4;Discussion;143
22.1.4.1;Ploidy distribution;143
22.1.4.2;Sequence variation and gene flow;143
22.1.4.3;Phylogenetic relationship;145
22.1.5;Conclusion;145
22.1.6;References;145
23;Age and growth of Schizopygopsis younghusbandi younghusbandi in the Yarlung Zangbo River in Tibet, China;148
23.1;Abstract;148
23.1.1;Introduction;148
23.1.2;Materials and methods;149
23.1.2.1;Sampling of fish and processing;149
23.1.2.2;Age determination;149
23.1.2.3;Growth;149
23.1.2.4;Comparison of growth patterns among populations from different sampling sites;150
23.1.3;Results;150
23.1.3.1;Population structure and sex ratio;150
23.1.3.2;Age determination;150
23.1.3.3;Growth;151
23.1.3.4;Comparison of growth patterns among populations from different sampling sites;154
23.1.4;Discussion;154
23.1.5;References;155
24;Threatened fishes of the world: Sinocyclocheilus anophthalmus (Chen and Chu, 1988) (Cyprinidae);156
24.1;References;156
25;The taxonomy and phylogeny of the cyprinid genus Opsariichthys Bleeker...;157
25.1;Abstract;157
25.2;Introduction;158
25.3;Materials and methods;158
25.3.1;Sample collection and morphological survey;158
25.3.2;mtDNA amplification and sequence analysis;159
25.4;Systematics;160
25.4.1;Opsariichthys evolans Jordan and Evermann (1902) (Fig.&newnbsp;3a–c)160
25.4.1.1;Material examined;160
25.4.1.2;Diagnosis;161
25.4.1.3;Distribution;161
25.4.1.4;Remarks;161
25.4.2;Opsariichthys pachycephalus Günther (1868) (Figs.&newnbsp;4 and 5)162
25.4.2.1;Material examined;162
25.4.2.2;Diagnosis;163
25.4.2.3;Distribution;164
25.4.3;Opsariichthys kaopingensis Chen and Wu, new species (Figs.&newnbsp;3d–f and 5)164
25.4.3.1;Material examined;164
25.4.3.2;Diagnosis;164
25.4.3.3;Description;164
25.4.3.4;Fins;166
25.4.3.5;Scales;166
25.4.3.6;Coloration in life;166
25.4.3.7;Etymology;166
25.4.3.8;Distribution;166
25.5;Remarks;166
25.6;Molecular phylogenetic analysis;167
25.7;Discussions;171
25.7.1;Generic limitation of Zacco;171
25.7.2;The divergent-time estimation of Opsariichthys pachycephalus complex;172
25.7.3;Comparison of distribution patterns for primary freshwater fish fauna;172
25.8;Comparative materials;173
25.8.1;Opsariichthys bidens (Günther);173
25.8.2;Opsariichthys hainanensis (Nichols and Pope);173
25.8.3;Opsariichthys uncirostris (Temminck and Schlegel);173
25.8.4;Zacco platypus (Temminck and Schlegel);173
25.8.5;Aphyocypris kikuchii (Oshima);174
25.9;Appendix;174
25.10;References;174
26;Hemimyzon sheni, a new species of balitorid fish (Teleostei: Balitoridae) from Taiwan;176
26.1;Abstract;176
26.2;Introduction;176
26.3;Materials and methods;176
26.4;Systematics;177
26.4.1;Hemimyzon (Regan 1911);177
26.4.2;Materials examined;177
26.4.3;Diagnosis;177
26.4.4;Description;177
26.4.5;Coloration in alcohol;178
26.4.6;Distribution;180
26.4.7;Etymology;180
26.5;Discussion;180
26.5.1;Comparative materials;182
26.5.2;References;182
27;Subspecies validity for genus Culter (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) based on morphometrics analysis;184
27.1;Abstract;184
27.1.1;Introduction;184
27.1.2;Materials and methods;185
27.1.3;Results;188
27.1.4;Discussion;190
27.1.5;References;191
28;A new cavefish species, Sinocyclocheilus brevibarbatus (Teleostei: Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), from Guangxi, China;193
28.1;Abstract;193
28.1.1;Introduction;193
28.1.2;Materials and methods;193
28.1.2.1;Osteological features;197
28.1.2.2;Coloration in alcohol;197
28.1.3;Distribution;197
28.1.4;Etymology;197
28.1.5;Remarks;198
28.1.6;Comparative materials;198
28.1.7;References;199
29;The Hypogean fishes of China;200
29.1;Abstract;200
29.2;Introduction;200
29.3;Methods;201
29.4;Results;202
29.4.1;Family: Cyprinidae—minnows or carps;202
29.4.2;Genus: Onychostoma Günther, 1896;203
29.4.3;Genus Sinocrossocheilus Wu, 1977;204
29.4.4;Genus: Sinocyclocheilus Fang, 1936;206
29.4.5;Genus Typhlobarbus Chu and Chen, 1982;238
29.4.6;Family: Cobitidae—loaches;238
29.4.7;Genus Protocobitis (Yang et al. 1994);239
29.4.8;Family: Balitoridae—River loaches;240
29.4.9;Genus Heminoemacheilus Zhu and Cao, 1987;240
29.4.10;Genus Oreonectes Günther, 1868;241
29.4.11;Genus Paracobitis Bleeker, 1863;244
29.4.12;Genus Paranemacheilus Zhu, 1983;246
29.4.13;Genus Schistura McClelland, 1838;247
29.4.14;Genus Triplophysa Rendahl, 1933;248
29.4.15;Genus Yunnanilus Nichols, 1925;256
29.5;References;264