Rudolph / Kiesel / Aumnate Understanding Plastics Recycling

Economic, Ecological, and Technical Aspects of Plastic Waste Handling
1. Auflage 2017
ISBN: 978-1-56990-677-4
Verlag: Carl Hanser Fachbuchverlag
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Adobe DRM (»Systemvoraussetzungen)

E-Book, Englisch, 136 Seiten

This book shows the true and often-underestimated market potential of plastics recycling, with analysis from economic, ecological, and technical perspectives. It is aimed at both technical and non-technical readers, including decision makers in material suppliers, plastic product manufacturers, governmental agencies, educators, and anyone with a general interest in plastics recycling.
An overview of waste handling systems with a focus on the U.S. market is provided. Different methods of waste handling are compared from both economic and ecological perspectives.
Since plastic waste recycling is essential from an ecological point of view, common strategies and new approaches to both increase the recycling rate and improve recycling economically and technically are presented. This includes processing and material properties of recycled plastics.
Finally, a worldwide outlook of plastic recycling is provided with analysis of additional worldwide markets, encompassing highly developed, fast-developing, and less developed countries.
Bonus: all the data and calculations presented in the book are provided as downloadable spreadsheets for the reader's own analysis and updates.

Dr.-Ing. Natalie Rudolph is Assistant Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Engineering. She was previously Team Leader at the Fraunhofer Institute ICT, Germany, and Chief Engineer of the Polymer Engineering Center at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Raphael Kiesel, M.S. is a researcher at the Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology, Germany. He was previously a Research Assistant at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Chuanchom Aumnate, Ph.D. is Research Assistant at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She was previously a Research Assistant at the National Metal and Materials Technology Center, Thailand.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Rudolph, Natalie

Kiesel, Raphael

Aumnate, Chuanchom

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Acknowledgements;7
2;Foreword;9
3;Contents;11
4;Acronyms and Other Abbreviations;15
5;1 All About the Waste;17
5.1;1.1 Municipal Solid Waste— A Daily Companion;17
5.2;1.2 Management Methods for Municipal Solid Waste;19
5.2.1;1.2.1 Landfilling;20
5.2.2;1.2.2 Incineration with Energy Recovery (Waste-to-Energy);21
5.2.3;1.2.3 Recycling;23
6;2 Plastics—Increasing Value, Decreasing Lifetime;25
7;3 Plastics Recycling—Conservation of Valuable Resources;29
7.1;3.1 Plastics Recycling Methods;30
7.1.1;3.1.1 Mechanical Recycling;30
7.1.2;3.1.2 Chemical Recycling;31
7.2;3.2 Recycling Different Types of Plastic Waste;31
7.2.1;3.2.1 Preconsumer Waste;31
7.2.1.1;3.2.1.1 Manufacturing Scrap;31
7.2.1.2;3.2.1.2 Dilution Effect;31
7.2.2;3.2.2 Postconsumer Waste;33
7.2.2.1;3.2.2.1 Packaging Plastic Waste;35
7.2.2.2;3.2.2.2 Building and Construction Plastic Waste;36
7.2.2.3;3.2.2.3 Automotive Plastic Waste;37
7.2.2.4;3.2.2.4 Agricultural Plastic Waste;37
7.2.2.5;3.2.2.5 Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE);38
7.3;3.3 Sorting Processes for Plastic Waste;39
7.3.1;3.3.1 Manual Sorting;39
7.3.2;3.3.2 Automated Sorting;39
7.3.2.1;3.3.2.1 Float-and-Sink Sorting;39
7.3.2.2;3.3.2.2 Froth-Flotation Sorting;40
7.3.2.3;3.3.2.3 Near-Infrared Sorting;40
7.3.2.4;3.3.2.4 X-Ray Fluorescence;40
7.3.2.5;3.3.2.5 Laser-Aided Identification;40
7.3.2.6;3.3.2.6 Marker Systems;40
7.4;3.4 Plastic Degradation Mechanisms;41
7.4.1;3.4.1 Mechanical Degradation;42
7.4.2;3.4.2 Thermal Degradation;42
7.4.3;3.4.3 Thermal Oxidative Degradation;43
7.4.4;3.4.4 Effect of Degradation on Processing and Service-Life Properties;43
7.5;3.5 Contaminants;51
7.6;3.6 Conclusion: Technical Feasibility of Plastics Recycling;51
8;4 Economic Analysis of Plastic Waste Handling;55
8.1;4.1 Fundamentals of Economic Analysis;55
8.1.1;4.1.1 Economic Efficiency Calculation;55
8.1.2;4.1.2 Static Economic Efficiency Calculation;56
8.1.3;4.1.3 Profit Comparison Method;56
8.2;4.2 Economic Analysis of Landfilling;57
8.3;4.3 Economic Analysis of Incineration with Energy Recovery (Waste-to-Energy Facilities);62
8.4;4.4 Economic Analysis of Plastics Recycling;66
8.4.1;4.4.1 Materials Recovery Facility Costs;67
8.4.2;4.4.2 Plastic Reprocessing Costs;71
8.4.3;4.4.3 Revenues from Selling Recycled Plastic;74
8.4.4;4.4.4 Profitability;75
8.4.5;4.4.5 Oil Price as a Factor in Profitability of Plastics Recycling;75
8.5;4.5 Conclusion;78
9;5 Environmental Analysis of Plastic Waste Handling;83
9.1;5.1 Environmental Analysis of Landfilling;83
9.2;5.2 Environmental Analysis of Incineration with Energy Recovery (Waste-to-Energy Facilities);85
9.3;5.3 Environmental Analysis of Recycling;86
9.4;5.4 Conclusion;88
10;6 Optimization of Plastics Recycling;91
10.1;6.1 Optimization I: Reduction of Sorting Processes;91
10.2;6.2 Optimization II: Upcycling of Plastic Waste by Blending;94
10.2.1;6.2.1 Additional Costs of LDPE–PP Recycling;97
10.2.2;6.2.2 Additional Revenues of LDPE–PP Recycling;99
10.2.3;6.2.3 Total Profit of Optimization II;99
10.3;6.3 Optimization III: Increasing the Recycling Rate;101
11;7 Plastic Waste of the World: Increasing Potential of Recycling;103
11.1;7.1 Plastic Waste Handling in Europe;106
11.2;7.2 Plastic Waste Handling in China;111
11.3;7.3 Plastic Waste in the Future;116
12;8 Appendix;119
12.1;8.1 Economic Analysis of Landfilling;120
12.2;8.2 Economic Analysis of WTE;123
12.3;8.3 Economic Analysis of Recycling;125
12.4;8.4 Optimization I: Reduction of Sorting Processes;128
12.5;8.5 Optimization II: Upcycling of Plastic Waste by Blending;129
13;Index;131