Russell Elements of Energy Conversion

1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4832-8266-4
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 416 Seiten, Web PDF

Elements of Energy Conversion brings together scattered information on the subject of energy conversion and presents it in terms of the fundamental thermodynamics that apply to energy conversion by any process. Emphasis is given to the development of the theory of heat engines because these are and will remain most important power sources. Descriptive material is then presented to provide elementary information on all important energy conversion devices. The book contains 10 chapters and opens with a discussion of forms of energy, energy sources and storage, and energy conversion. This is followed by separate chapters on thermal properties and relations, heat engines, chemical energy, electrochemical processes, and solar energy. Subsequent chapters deal with thermoelectricity, thermionic generators, radioisotope power sources, and energy storage.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Russell, Charles R.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Elements of Energy Conversion;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;8
5;Dedication;6
6;PREFACE;10
7;CHAPTER 1. ENERGY;12
7.1;FORMS OF ENERGY;12
7.2;ENERGY CHANGES;14
7.3;CONVERSION METHODS;15
7.4;STATIC THERMAL CONVERTERS;20
7.5;PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATORS;22
7.6;ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS;24
7.7;OTHER CONVERSION DEVICES;25
7.8;ENERGY SOURCES;27
7.9;ENERGY STORAGE;28
7.10;REFERENCES;34
8;CHAPTER 2. THERMAL PROPERTIES AND RELATIONS;36
8.1;INTRODUCTION;36
8.2;TEMPERATURE;37
8.3;EQUATIONS OF STATE;38
8.4;COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR;42
8.5;INTERNAL ENERGY;50
8.6;HEAT CAPACITY;50
8.7;ADIABATIC PROCESS;53
8.8;ENTHALPY;54
8.9;REVERSIBLE PROCESS;63
8.10;REVERSIBLE ADIABATIC PROCESS;64
8.11;POLYTROPIC PROCESS;65
8.12;SPECIFIC IMPULSE;68
8.13;FLOW PROCESS;69
8.14;CARNOT CYCLE;71
8.15;ENTROPY;74
8.16;SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS;78
8.17;GAS TABLES;79
8.18;SYMBOLS;89
8.19;REFERENCES;92
9;CHAPTER 3. HEAT ENGINES;93
9.1;RANKINE CYCLE;93
9.2;WORKING FLUID;98
9.3;BRAYTON CYCLE;109
9.4;TURBOJET ENGINE;116
9.5;GAS TURBINE WITH REGENERATOR;120
9.6;INTERCOOLING;124
9.7;GAS TURBINE WITH REHEAT;127
9.8;CLOSED-CYCLE GAS TURBINE;127
9.9;GAS PROPERTIES;128
9.10;DIESEL CYCLE;134
9.11;CLOSED CYCLE;135
9.12;WALTER CYCLE;135
9.13;STIRLING CYCLE;136
9.14;CRYOGENIC POWER CYCLE;139
9.15;HYDROGEN RECIPROCATING ENGINE;141
9.16;TURBINES;143
9.17;TURBINE COMPONENTS;148
9.18;GAS TURBINE AUXILIARY POWER UNITS;151
9.19;REFERENCES;152
10;CHAPTER 4. CHEMICAL ENERGY;153
10.1;INTRODUCTION;153
10.2;HEAT OF REACTION;153
10.3;HIGH TEMPERATURE REACTIONS;162
10.4;REACTION TEMPERATURE;165
10.5;EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON FREE ENERGY CHANGE;168
10.6;CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM;171
10.7;COMBUSTION IN AIR;179
10.8;CHEMICAL SYSTEMS;179
10.9;SOLID PROPELLANTS;186
10.10;REFERENCES;189
11;CHAPTER 5. ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES;191
11.1;INTRODUCTION;191
11.2;TYPES OF BATTERIES;193
11.3;FARADAY'S LAW;194
11.4;ELECTRICAL ENERGY AND POTENTIAL;196
11.5;TEMPERATURE EFFECTS;197
11.6;ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE;198
11.7;ACTIVITY;201
11.8;POLARIZATION;203
11.9;HYDROGEN–OXYGEN FUEL CELL;205
11.10;POROUS ELECTRODE;208
11.11;SOLID POLYMER ELECTROLYTE;211
11.12;FUEL CELL SYSTEMS;214
11.13;CERAMIC ELECTROLYTE;218
11.14;FUSED CARBONATE ELECTROLYTE;219
11.15;DISSOLVED FUEL;220
11.16;HYDROCARBONS;221
11.17;THERMALLY REGENERATIVE FUEL CELLS;224
11.18;BIOCHEMICAL FUEL CELLS;224
11.19;LECLANCHÉ CELL;225
11.20;ALKALINE BATTERY;228
11.21;AIR-DEPOLARIZED BATTERY;228
11.22;MERCURY CELLS;229
11.23;HIGH CAPACITY DRY CELLS;230
11.24;SEA-ACTIVATED BATTERIES;230
11.25;WET PRIMARY CELLS;231
11.26;MOLTEN SALT BATTERIES;231
11.27;SOLID-ELECTROLYTE CELLS;232
11.28;LEAD–ACID BATTERY;232
11.29;NICKEL–IRON BATTERY;234
11.30;NICKEL–CADMIUM BATTERY;235
11.31;REQUIRED BATTERY CAPACITY;253
11.32;REFERENCES;253
12;CHAPTER 6. SOLAR ENERGY;255
12.1;INTRODUCTION;255
12.2;SOLAR CONSTANT;255
12.3;BASIC SEMICONDUCTOR SOLAR CELL CONCEPTS;258
12.4;THE SEMICONDUCTOR JUNCTION;260
12.5;THE SOLAR CELL;262
12.6;CELL MATCHING;266
12.7;SILICON CELL;267
12.8;OTHER MATERIALS;267
12.9;COMPOSITE CELLS;269
12.10;CELL MOUNTING;273
12.11;ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS;275
12.12;SOLAR CONCENTRATORS;276
12.13;ABSORBERS;282
12.14;REFERENCES;283
13;CHAPTER 7. THERMOELECTRICITY;285
13.1;INTRODUCTION;285
13.2;THERMOELECTRIC PHENOMENA;288
13.3;PELTIER EFFECT;291
13.4;THOMSON EFFECT;291
13.5;KELVIN RELATIONS;293
13.6;IRREVERSIBLE PROCESSES;296
13.7;PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS;298
13.8;ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS;301
13.9;THERMOELECTRICITY;302
13.10;POWER DENSITY;302
13.11;CONVERSION EFFICIENCY;302
13.12;THERMOELECTRIC CALCULATIONS;311
13.13;REFERENCES;315
14;CHAPTER 8. THERMIONIC GENERATORS;316
14.1;INTRODUCTION;316
14.2;THERMIONIC EMISSION;316
14.3;SPACE CHARGE;319
14.4;PLASMA DIODE;320
14.5;NUCLEAR THERMIONIC POWER;325
14.6;REFERENCES;330
15;CHAPTER 9. RADIOISOTOPE POWER SOURCES ;331
15.1;INTRODUCTION;331
15.2;PRODUCTION OF RADIOISOTOPES;344
15.3;SELECTION OF ISOTOPE;351
15.4;SEPARATION OF RADIOISOTOPES;358
15.5;RADIOLOGICAL SAFEGUARDS;359
15.6;ISOTOPES IN USE;361
15.7;SNAP-1A GENERATOR;366
15.8;SNAP-3 GENERATOR;369
15.9;IMP GENERATOR;383
15.10;REFERENCES;383
16;CHAPTER 10. ENERGY STORAGE;385
16.1;INTRODUCTION;385
16.2;CHEMICAL ENERGY;387
16.3;FUEL STORAGE;388
16.4;COMPRESSED GASES;391
16.5;CRYOGENIC STORAGE;391
16.6;INSULATION;392
16.7;STORAGE OF THERMAL ENERGY;402
16.8;SENSIBLE HEAT;403
16.9;HEAT OF VAPORIZATION;405
16.10;THERMOCHEMICAL REACTIONS;407
16.11;CAPACITORS;407
16.12;INDUCTORS;409
16.13;APPLICATIONS;411
16.14;REFERENCES;412
17;INDEX;414