Rycroft Space Research

Proceedings of the Open Meetings of the Working Groups on Physical Sciences of the Twenty-Second Plenary Meeting of COSPAR, Bangalore, India, 29 May - 9 June 1979
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5118-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 300 Seiten, Web PDF

COSPAR Space Research, Volume 20 covers the proceedings of the open meetings of the Working Groups on Physical Sciences of the 22nd Plenary Meeting of COSPAR in Bangalore, India on May 29-June 9, 1979. This volume is organized into four parts encompassing 50 chapters that review significant advances in space research concerning the Earth's atmosphere and plasma envelope, as well as in the planetary science and astronomy fields. Part I describes the unique properties of the different layers of the Earth's neutral atmosphere, including the tropical troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere. This part also deals with the measurements of atmospheric radiation, the application of remote sensing by satellites to radiation climatology, the structure and circulation of the stratosphere and mesosphere, and the theory and application of thermospheric models. Part II highlights the research studies concerning the chemistry and energetic charged particle effect in the ionosphere. This part also examines the in situ measurements of equatorial ionosphere and the distribution of singly ionized helium through backscatter observations. Part III contains surveys associated with some planetary components, such as the comets, moon, and Venus. This part specifically discusses the data obtained from different probes, models, and analytical techniques to study these components. Part IV explores research works on the sun, cosmic ray, and infrared and gamma-ray astronomy. This book is intended primarily to astronomers and space scientists and researchers.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Rycroft, M. J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Cospar Space Research;4
3;Copyright Page ;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;12
6;Address of Welcome;14
7;PART 1: THE EARTH'S NEUTRA L ATMOSPHERE;16
7.1;CHAPTER 1. PRELIMINARY SATELLITE RADIATION CLIMATOLOGY FOR THE MONEX REGION;18
7.1.1;ABSTRACT;18
7.1.2;INTRODUCTION;18
7.1.3;INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA;18
7.1.4;CONCLUSIONS;19
7.1.5;REFERENCES;20
7.2;CHAPTER 2. SOME RESULT S OF MEASUREMENTS OF ATMOSPHERIC SUBMILLIMETRE RADIATION FROM "SALJUT - 6";26
7.2.1;REFERENCES;28
7.3;CHAPTER 3. MICROWAVE RADIOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF OCEANOGRAPHIC AND METEOROLOGICAL PARAMETERS;30
7.3.1;ABSTRACT;30
7.3.2;I. INTRODUCTION;30
7.3.3;II. BACKGROUNDPHYSICS;30
7.3.4;III. DATAPROCESSING;32
7.3.5;IV. RESULTS;32
7.3.6;REFERENCES;34
7.4;CHAPTER 4. Y1 . APPROXIMATION : APPLICATION TO REMOTE SENSING BY SATELLITES;36
7.4.1;ABSTRACT;36
7.4.2;REFERENCES;38
7.5;CHAPTER 5. STANDARDS FOR THE TROPICAL INDIAN ATMOSPHERE;40
7.5.1;INTRODUCTION;40
7.5.2;VARIATION OF ANNUAL MEAN CONDITIONS OVER INDIA;40
7.5.3;PROPOSED STANDARD ATMOSPHERES;41
7.5.4;CRITICAL HOT AND COLD SURFACE CONDITIONS;41
7.5.5;REFERENCES;42
7.6;CHAPTER 6. FLUCTUATION S IN THE ZONAL TROPICAL CLOUD COVER FROM SATELLITE BRIGHTNESS DATA;44
7.6.1;ABSTRACT;44
7.6.2;INTRODUCTION;44
7.6.3;RESULTS;44
7.6.4;REFERENCES;47
7.7;CHAPTER 7. ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS OF RADIATIVE HEATING/COOLING IN THE TROPICAL STRATOSPHERE;48
7.7.1;ABSTRACT;48
7.7.2;INTRODUCTION;48
7.7.3;RESULTS;50
7.7.4;References;54
7.8;CHAPTER 8. AN EMPIRICAL TEMPERATURE MODEL OF THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE OF THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE;56
7.8.1;REFERENCES;57
7.9;CHAPTER 9. THE ROLE OF AEROSOLS IN RELATION TO STRATOSPHERIC MODELLING;64
7.9.1;INTRODUCTION;64
7.9.2;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;64
7.9.3;REFERENCES;69
7.10;CHAPTER 10. ENERGETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF WINTER STRATOSPHERIC WARMINGS;70
7.10.1;REFERENCES;72
7.11;CHAPTER 11. OSCILLATIONS IN THE ZONAL AND MERIDIONAL WINDS IN THE TROPOSPHERE, STRATOSPHERE AND MESOSPHERE OVER THUMBA;76
7.11.1;ABSTRACT;76
7.11.2;INTRODUCTION;76
7.11.3;DATA AND THE METHOD OF ANALYSIS;76
7.11.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;79
7.11.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;79
7.11.6;REFERENCES;79
7.12;CHAPTER 12. NEW DATA ON THE STRUCTURE AND CIRCULATION OF THE STRATOSPHERE AND MESOSPHERE;80
7.12.1;NEW RESULTS OF ROCKET OBSERVATIONS AT THE EQUATOR;80
7.12.2;WINDS IN THE UPPER MESOSPHERE AND LOWER THERMOSPHERE;80
7.12.3;REFERENCES;81
7.13;CHAPTER 13. MEASUREMENT OF THERMODYNAMIC AND DYNAMIC ATMOSPHERIC PARAMETERS OVER VOLGOGRAD IN AUGUST 1976;84
7.13.1;REFERENCES;88
7.14;CHAPTER 14. LOW LATITUD E MESOSPHERI C MOLECULA ROXYGEN PROFILES FROM LYMAN-ALPH AABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS FROM THUMBA;90
7.14.1;ABSTRACT;90
7.14.2;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;93
7.14.3;REFERENCES;93
7.15;CHAPTER 15. MESOSPHERIC DENSITY VARIABILITY;94
7.15.1;ABSTRACT;94
7.15.2;INTRODUCTION;94
7.15.3;DISCUSSION;95
7.15.4;CONCLUSIONS;97
7.15.5;REFERENCES;97
7.16;CHAPTER 16. VARIATION OF THE TURBOPAUSE LEVEL IN EQUATORIAL REGIONS;98
7.16.1;ABSTRACT;98
7.16.2;REFERENCES;100
7.17;CHAPTER 17. EMPIRICAL MODEL OF LOWER THERMOSPHERIC DENSITY FOR LOW SOLARFLUX AND QUIET GEOMAGNETIC CONDITIONS;104
7.17.1;ABSTRACT;104
7.17.2;INTRODUCTION;104
7.17.3;DATA ACQUISITION;104
7.17.4;DATA ANALYSIS;105
7.17.5;RESULTS;106
7.17.6;CONCLUSIONS;109
7.17.7;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;110
7.17.8;REFERENCES;110
7.18;CHAPTER 18. PRINCIPLES OF A GLOBAL WIND-TURBULENCE MODEL OF THE SEASONAL-LATITUDINAL VARIATION OF THE THERMOSPHERE AS DEDUCED FROM SATELLITE DATA;112
7.18.1;REFERENCES;115
7.19;CHAPTER 19. A GLOBAL WIND-TURBULENCE MODEL DEDUCED FROM SATELLITE DATA DISCUSSION OF RESULTS;116
7.19.1;REFERENCES;119
7.20;CHAPTER 20. TWO-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF SEASONALVARIATIONS OF THE THERMOSPHERE (90-430 km ALTITUDE );120
7.20.1;REFERENCES;122
7.21;CHAPTER 21. THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF THERMOSPHERIC PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE ,WINDS AND ELECTRIC FIELDS;126
7.21.1;REFERENCES;127
7.22;CHAPTER 22. THE LATITUDINAL AND SEASONAL VARIATIO N OF ATOMIC OXYGEN DEDUCE DFROM OBSERVATIONS OF THE E-REGION OI 557.7 nm AIRGLOW;130
7.22.1;ABSTRACT;130
7.22.2;INTRODUCTION;130
7.22.3;OBSERVATIONS AND ANALYSIS;131
7.22.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;132
7.22.5;CONCLUSIONS;135
7.22.6;References;135
8;PART 2: THE EARTHS PLASMA ENVELOPE;136
8.1;CHAPTER 23. POST SUNSET MEASUREMENT OF IONS AND ELECTRONS IN THE ALTITUDE RANGE OF 80-160 km OVER THE GEOMAGNETIC EQUATOR;138
8.1.1;ABSTRACT;138
8.1.2;INTRODUCTION;138
8.1.3;DESCRIPTION OF THE RPA AND ION-TRAP EXPERIMENTS;138
8.1.4;RESULTS;139
8.1.5;DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS;140
8.1.6;References;141
8.2;CHAPTER 24. IN SITU MEASUREMENTS OF EQUATORIAL E REGION PLASMA PARAMETERS DURING SPREAD F CONDITIONS;142
8.2.1;REFERENCES;145
8.3;CHAPTER 25. D-REGION NITRIC OXIDE DENSITY ENHANCEMENT ON WINTER ANOMALOUS DAYS;146
8.3.1;ABSTRACT;146
8.3.2;INTRODUCTION;146
8.3.3;METHOD OF ANALYSIS;146
8.3.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;148
8.3.5;REFERENCES;151
8.4;CHAPTER 26. A STUDY OF THE CLEFT REGION USING SYNOPTIC IONOSPHERIC PLASMA DATA OBTAINED BY THE POLAR ORBITING SATELLITES AEROS- B AND ISIS- 2;152
8.4.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;155
8.4.2;REFERENCES;155
8.5;CHAPTER 27. ELECTRO N DENSITY MEASUREMENTS IN THE LOWER IONOSPHERE FROM "VOLGOGRAD "STATION IN JULY-AUGUST 1976;160
8.5.1;REFERENCE;160
8.6;CHAPTER 28. ROCKET MEASUREMENTS OF ENERGETIL CPARTICLE S IN THE MIDLATITUD EPRECIPITATIO N ZONE;164
8.6.1;REFERENCES;167
8.7;CHAPTER 29. THE EFFECT OF MAGNETOSPHERIC PROCESSES ON THE IONOSPHERE DURINGTHE MAGNETIC STORM OF 1 DECEMBER 1977 BASED ON COSMOS-900 DATA;168
8.7.1;ABSTRACT;168
8.7.2;REPERENCES;171
8.8;CHAPTER 30. PRECIPITATION OF ENERGETIC ELECTRONS INTO THE MID-LATITUDE IONOSPHER EAFTER GEOMAGNETIC STORMS;172
8.8.1;ABSTRACT;172
8.8.2;INTRODUCTION;172
8.8.3;VARIATIONS OF PARTICLE POPULATIONS AND PITCH-ANGLE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTS FOR L = 2 TO L = 5;172
8.8.4;CONCLUSIONS;176
8.8.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;176
8.8.6;REFERENCES;177
8.9;CHAPTER 31. ANALYSIS OF A HIGH LATITUDE ELECTRON DENSITY STRUCTURE;178
8.9.1;INTRODUCTION;178
8.9.2;OBSERVATIONS;178
8.9.3;DISCUSSION;179
8.9.4;CONCLUSION;181
8.9.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;181
8.9.6;REFERENCES;181
8.10;CHAPTER 32. REFLECTION OF PROBING BEAMS BY AN ELECTRIC DOUBLE LAYER;182
8.10.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;185
8.10.2;REFERENCES;185
8.11;CHAPTER 33. THE DISTRIBUTION OF SINGLY IONIZE DIONOSPHERIC HELIUM FROM 304 Å BACKSCATTER OBSERVATIONS;186
8.11.1;REFERENCES;189
9;PART 3: PLANETARY SCIENCE;190
9.1;CHAPTER 34. COMETS AND COMETARY MISSIONS;192
9.1.1;ABSTRACT;192
9.1.2;INTRODUCTION;192
9.1.3;THE PRESENT KNOWLEDGE;193
9.1.4;THE PRESENT UNDERSTANDING;195
9.1.5;APROPOSED MISSION;199
9.1.6;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;201
9.1.7;References;202
9.2;CHAPTER 35. INFRARED REFLECTION SPECTRA OF THE MOON AND LUNAR SOIL;204
9.2.1;ABSTRACT;204
9.2.2;REFERENCES;207
9.3;CHAPTER 36. RADIO-IMAGES OF UNEXPLORED REGIONS OF VENUS FROM BISTATIC EXPERIMENTS;208
9.3.1;ABSTRACT;208
9.3.2;1. INTRODUCTION;208
9.3.3;2. RADIOIMAGES OF THE THREE UNEXPLORED REGIONS;208
9.3.4;3. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS;209
9.3.5;REFERENCES;211
9.4;CHAPTER 37. THE GEOCHEMICAL MODEL OF THE TROPOSPHERE AND LITHOSPHERE OF VENUS BASED ON NEW DATA;212
9.4.1;ABSTRACT;212
9.4.2;REFERENCES;216
9.5;CHAPTER 38. VENERA 11 AND 12 LANDER RESULTS ON THE VENUS DAY-SKY SPECTRUM;224
9.5.1;ABSTRACT;224
9.5.2;REFERENCES;227
9.6;CHAPTER 39. MASS SPECTROMETER MEASUREMENTS OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE LOWER ATMOSPHERE OF VENUS;230
9.6.1;ABSTRACT;230
9.6.2;REFERENCES;232
9.7;CHAPTER 40. GAS CHROMATOGRAPH ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE VENUS ATMOSPHERE;234
9.7.1;ABSTRACT;234
9.7.2;REFERENCES;235
9.8;CHAPTER 41. ELECTRICAL DISCHARGES IN THE VENUSIAN ATMOSPHERE;238
9.8.1;ABSTRACT;238
9.8.2;PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF RADIO NOISE EVENTS;238
9.9;CHAPTER 42. INFRARED REMOTE SENSING OF THE ATMOSPHERE OF VENUS FROM THE PIONEER 12 ORBITER;242
9.9.1;ABSTRACT;242
9.9.2;INTRODUCTION;242
9.9.3;INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION [3];243
9.9.4;LABORATORY CALIBRATION [5];243
9.9.5;PRELIMINARY RESULTS;244
9.9.6;REFERENCES;245
9.10;CHAPTER 43. THE FORMATION OF THE DAYTIME VENUSIAN IONOSPHERE : THE RESULTS OF DUAL-FREQUENCY OCCULTATION EXPERIMENTS;246
9.10.1;ABSTRACT;246
9.10.2;INTRODUCTION;246
9.10.3;FORMATION OF THE MAIN MAXIMUM OF THE DAYTIME VENUSIAN. IONOSPHERE;246
9.10.4;INTERPRETATION OF THE PHOTOCHEMICAL REGION;247
9.10.5;REFERENCES;250
10;PART 4: ASTRONOMY;252
10.1;CHAPTER 44. THE CONTRIBUTION OF OSO- 8 TO SOLAR PHYSICS FROM DATA ANALYZED AS OF MAY 1979;254
10.1.1;ABSTRACT;254
10.1.2;INTRODUCTION;254
10.1.3;THE SPACECRAFT AND THE INSTRUMENTATION;254
10.1.4;THE OBSERVATION OF CHROMOSPHERIC OSCILLATIONS AND THE HEATING OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE;256
10.1.5;DYNAMICS OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE OF THE SUN;258
10.1.6;PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND STRUCTURE OF THE SOLAR UPPER ATMOSPHERE;259
10.1.7;OBSERVATIONS OF SOLAR ACTIVITY AND FLARES;260
10.1.8;CONCLUSION;262
10.1.9;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;263
10.1.10;REFERENCES;263
10.2;CHAPTER 45. INITIAL RESULT S FROM A 3 TO 25 Å SOLAR X-RAY SPECTROMETER /SPECTROHELIOGRAPH EXPERIMENT;270
10.2.1;ABSTRACT;270
10.2.2;INTRODUCTION;270
10.2.3;SOLEX INSTRUMENT;270
10.2.4;SOLEX RESULTS;271
10.2.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;273
10.2.6;REFERENCES;273
10.3;CHAPTER 46. ENERGY SPECTRA AND CHARGE STATES OF LOW ENERGY COSMIC RAYS IN THE SKYLAB EXPERIMENT;274
10.3.1;ABSTRACT;274
10.3.2;INTRODUCTION;274
10.3.3;EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE;274
10.3.4;RESUITS AND DISCUSSIONS;275
10.3.5;CONCLUDING REMARKS;277
10.3.6;References;277
10.4;CHAPTER 47. COSMIC RAY EFFECTS IN SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECTS;278
10.4.1;SOLAR COSMIC RAY EFFECTS;278
10.4.2;GALACTIC COSMIC RAY RECORDS;280
10.4.3;REFERENCES;281
10.5;CHAPTER 48. ION STATES OF LOW ENERGY COSMIC RAYS: THE INDIAN EXPERIMENT ON THE FIRST SPACE SHUTTLE-SPACELAB MISSION;282
10.5.1;ABSTRACT;282
10.5.2;INTRODUCTION;282
10.5.3;EXPERIMENTAL METHOD;283
10.5.4;INSTRUMENT DESIGN;284
10.5.5;EXPERIMENT OPERATION;284
10.5.6;POST-FLIGHT DATA ACQUISITION;285
10.5.7;ASTROPHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE;285
10.5.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;285
10.5.9;References;285
10.6;CHAPTER 49. INFRARED ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH IN INDIA;286
10.6.1;ABSTRACT;286
10.6.2;TIFR PROGRAM;286
10.6.3;PRL PROGRAM;287
10.6.4;IIA PROGRAM;290
10.6.5;References;290
10.7;CHAPTER 50. REVIEW OF THE COSPAR/IAU/IUPA C SYMPOSIUM ON NON SOLAR GAMMA RAYS(>30 MeV);292
10.7.1;1. INTRODUCTION;292
10.7.2;2. DISCRETE SOURCES;292
10.7.3;3. DIFFUSE GALACTIC EMISSION;294
10.7.4;4. EXTRAGALACTIC HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA RAYS;296
10.7.5;5. TECHNIQUES AND PROSPECTS;296
11;AUTHOR INDEX;298