Rycroft / Stickland Space Research

Proceedings of the Open Meetings of the Working Groups on Physical Sciences of the Twentieth Plenary Meeting of COSPAR, Tel Aviv, Israel, 7-18 June 1977
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-1-4831-5981-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 562 Seiten, Web PDF

Cospar Space Research, Volume XVII covers the proceedings of the Open Meetings of the Working Groups on Physical Sciences of the 20th Plenary Meeting of COSPAR, held in Tel Aviv, Israel, on June 7-18, 1977. The book focuses on remote sensing of the earth's environment, atmospheric response to solar and geomagnetic activity, ionosphere, magnetosphere, moon and planets, and cosmic dust. The selection first reviews the development of space research, including sensing the earth from spacecraft; resources, weather, and climate; solar wind and its interactions; galactic system; and the moon and planets. The book also takes a look at the depression of remotely sensed surface temperatures by a dust-laden tropical atmosphere and forest fire fuel mapping from LANDSAT. The text describes the effects of UV variability on stratospheric thermal structure and trace constituents; estimates of the stratospheric temperature variation in response to changes of the flux of solar UV radiation; and electrical conductivity measurements in the stratosphere using balloon and parachute-born blunt probes. The publication also discusses the composition of the mid-latitude winter mesosphere and lower thermosphere and global thermospheric models of neutral density, exospheric temperature, and turbopause height. The selection is a fine reference for readers interested in space research.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Rycroft, M. J.

Stickland, A. C.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Cospar Space Research;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;FOREWORD;16
6;PREFACE;18
7;PART I: HIGHLIGHTS OF RECENT SPACE RESEARCH;20
7.1;CHAPTER 1. A REVIEW OF SPACE RESEARCH, 1976-1977;22
7.1.1;1. Introduction - the role of basic science;22
7.1.2;2.
Measuring the Earth;24
7.1.3;3.
Feeding the Earth's population;24
7.1.4;4. Sensing the Earth from spacecraft; resources, weather and climate;24
7.1.5;5.
The upper atmosphere;28
7.1.6;6.
The ionosphere and the magnetosphere; solar terrestrial physics;28
7.1.7;7. The Sun;31
7.1.8;8.
The solar wind and its interactions;34
7.1.9;9. The Moon and planets;39
7.1.10;10.
Life in the Universe;39
7.1.11;11. The galactic
system;42
7.1.12;12. The extraqalactic region;44
7.1.13;13.
Conclusions;44
8;PART II:
REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH'S ENVIRONMENT;48
8.1;CHAPTER 2.
THE DEPRESSION OF REMOTELY-SENSED SURFACE TEMPERATURES BY A DUST-LADEN TROPICAL ATMOSPHERE;50
8.1.1;REFERENCES;53
8.2;CHAPTER 3.
INTERET DE LA TELEDETECTION DE LA COULEUR DE L'EAU DE MER POUR L'ETUDE DES SUSPENSIONS MARINES;54
8.2.1;INTRODUCTION;54
8.2.2;PRESENTATION DES MODELES EMPLOYES;54
8.2.3;AIDE A L'INTERPRETATION DES DONNEES SATELLITE;55
8.2.4;EXEMPLE D'APPLICATION A L'INTERPRETATION DE DONNEES LANDSAT;55
8.2.5;BIBLIOGRAPHIE;57
8.3;CHAPTER 4.
FOREST FIRE FUEL MAPPING FROM LANDSAT;58
8.3.1;INTRODUCTION;58
8.3.2;BACKGROUND;58
8.3.3;REVIEW OF RESULTS;59
8.3.4;DATABASE DESIGN;60
8.3.5;CONCLUSION;61
8.3.6;REFERENCES;61
8.4;CHAPTER 5.
ANTARCTIC ICE TOPOGRAPHY AND 150 mb CIRCULATION FROM THE NIMBUS-6 TWERLE EXPERIMENT;62
8.4.1;References;64
8.5;CHAPTER 6.
THE IMPACT OF SATELLITE OBSERVED TEMPERATURE PROFILES ON NUMERICAL FORECASTS OF THE ISRAEL METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE;66
8.5.1;INTRODUCTION;66
8.5.2;EXPERIMENTS WITH GODDARD INSTITUTE FOR SPACE STUDIES (GISS) VTPR TEMPERATURE PROFILES;66
8.5.3;EXPERIMENTS WITH OPERATIONAL VTPR DATA;68
8.5.4;CONCLUSIONS;69
8.5.5;REFERENCES;69
8.6;CHAPTER 7.
TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION FROM RADIOSONDE AND SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS;70
8.6.1;REFERENCES;71
8.7;CHAPTER 8.
COMPARISON OF THE HIGH-RESOLUTION INFRA-RED SOUNDER TEMPERATURE INFORMATION WITH RADIOSONDE/ROCKETSONDE DATA;72
8.7.1;INTRODUCTION;72
8.7.2;RESULTS;73
8.7.3;CONCLUSIONS;75
8.7.4;REFERENCES;75
8.8;CHAPTER 9.
RELATIVE ATMOSPHERE AEROSOL CONTENT FROM ERTS OBSERVATIONS;76
8.8.1;INTRODUCTION;76
8.8.2;DERIVATION OF METHOD;76
8.8.3;RESULTS;77
8.8.4;CONCLUSION;78
8.8.5;REFERENCES;78
8.9;CHAPTER 10.
THE SENSITIVITY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF DESERT AEROSOLS FROM SPACE;80
8.9.1;REFERENCES;83
8.10;CHAPTER 11.
INFLUENCE OF THE ATMOSPHERE ON THE CONTRAST OF THE LANDSAT IMAGES;84
8.10.1;INTRODUCTION;84
8.10.2;ANALYTICAL APPROXIMATION;84
8.10.3;APPLICATION FOR LANDSAT IMAGES;85
8.10.4;CONTRAST CALCULATION;86
8.10.5;References;87
9;PART III:
SATELLITE GEODESY;90
9.1;CHAPTER 12.
COOPERATION IN SATELLITE GEODESY IN THE FRAME OF THE INTERCOSMOS PROGRAMME;92
9.1.1;REFERENCES;94
9.2;CHAPTER 13.
PHOTOGRAPHIC TRACKING OF GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES FOR GEODETIC PURPOSES;96
9.2.1;REFERENCES;99
9.3;CHAPTER 14.
GEOS-3 ALTIMETRY REDUCTIONS IN THE AUSTRALIA - NEW ZEALAND REGION;100
9.3.1;INTRODUCTION;100
9.3.2;SHORT ARC STATE VECTORS;100
9.3.3;GEOID AND GRAVITY MODEL PARAMETERS;101
9.3.4;RESULTS;102
9.3.5;REFERENCES;102
9.4;CHAPTER 15.
OCEAN GEODESY BASED ON GEOS-3 SATELLITE ALTIMETRY DATA;104
9.4.1;ABSTRACT;104
9.4.2;SATELLITE POSITION DETERMINATION;104
9.4.3;CORRECTION OF ERRORS IN THE SATELLITE ORBIT;105
9.4.4;FILTER OPTIMIZATION;106
9.4.5;A NEW M2 TIDE MODEL;106
9.4.6;GEODETIC RESULTS;106
9.4.7;REFERENCES;107
10;PART IV:
ATMOSPHERIC RESPONSE TO SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY;108
10.1;CHAPTER 16.
THE KINETIC ENERGY INDEX AND THE SUN-WEATHER QUESTION;110
10.1.1;ABSTRACT;110
10.1.2;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;113
10.1.3;REFERENCES;113
10.2;CHAPTER 17.
THE EFFECT OF UV VARIABILITY ON STRATOSPHERIC THERMAL STRUCTURE AND TRACE CONSTITUENTS;114
10.2.1;ABSTRACT;114
10.2.2;INTRODUCTION;114
10.2.3;MODEL DESCRIPTION AND PARAMETRIC STUDY;114
10.2.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;115
10.2.5;REFERENCES;117
10.3;CHAPTER 18.
ESTIMATES OF THE STRATOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE VARIATION IN RESPONSE TO CHANGES OF THE FLUX OF SOLAR UV RADIATION;118
10.3.1;INTRODUCTION;118
10.3.2;RESULTS;118
10.3.3;REFERENCES;121
10.4;CHAPTER 19.
STATUS OF VUV RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION OF SPACE EXPERIMENTS;122
10.4.1;INTRODUCTION;122
10.4.2;DETECTOR STANDARDS;122
10.4.3;SOURCE STANDARDS;124
10.4.4;SURF AS AN IRRADIANCE STANDARD;125
10.4.5;INTERCOMPARISQNS;126
10.4.6;NEW SURF CALIBRATION FACILITY;127
10.4.7;References;130
10.5;CHAPTER 20.
THE MAJOR MIDWINTER WARMING 1976/77; DISCUSSION OF THE MAIN CIRCULATION FEATURES;136
10.5.1;REFERENCES;139
10.6;CHAPTER 21.
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY MEASUREMENTS IN THE STRATOSPHERE USING BALLOON AND PARACHUTE-BORNE BLUNT PROBES;140
10.6.1;ABSTRACT;140
10.6.2;INTRODUCTION;140
10.6.3;ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY DATA;140
10.6.4;DISCUSSION;142
10.6.5;CONCLUSIONS;143
10.6.6;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;143
10.6.7;REFERENCES;143
10.7;CHAPTER 22.
RESULTS OF CONDUCTIVITY, ION MOBILITY AND ION CONCENTRATION MEASUREMENTS TAKEN WITH A PARACHUTE GERDIEN CONDENSER EXPERIMENT DURING THE WINTER ANOMALY CAMPAIGN;144
10.7.1;ABSTRACT;144
10.7.2;1. PURPOSE OF THE MEASUREMENTS;144
10.7.3;2. THE INSTRUMENT;144
10.7.4;3. RESULTS;144
10.7.5;4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;145
10.7.6;5. REFERENCES;145
10.8;CHAPTER 23.
TEMPERATURE AND OZONE PROFILES COMPARISON;148
10.8.1;ABSTRACT;148
10.8.2;INTRODUCTION;148
10.8.3;HIGH STRATOSPHERE AND LOW MESOSPHERE TEMPERATURES;148
10.8.4;TROPOPAUSES, SECONDARY MAXIMUM AND OZONE PRINCIPAL MINIMUM;149
10.8.5;MAXIMUMS OF TEMPERATURE AND OZONE BELOW THE PRINCIPAL MAXIMUM;149
10.8.6;OZONE PRINCIPAL MAXIMUM;151
10.9;CHAPTER 24.
LARGE SCALE DYNAMICS OBSERVED DURING THE WESTERN EUROPE WINTER ANOMALY CAMPAIGN 1975/76 FROM WIND, TEMPERATURE AND ABSORPTION OBSERVATIONS;152
10.10;CHAPTER 25.
D-REGION POSITIVE ION COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS AND THE WINTER ANOMALY IN IONOSPHERIC ABSORPTION;154
10.11;CHAPTER 26.
COMPOSITION OF THE MID-LATITUDE WINTER MESOSPHERE AND LOWER THERMOSPHERE;158
10.11.1;INTRODUCTION;158
10.11.2;THE EXPERIMENT;158
10.11.3;MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS;159
10.11.4;REFERENCES;161
10.12;CHAPTER 27.
MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE ION MEASUREMENTS DURING JANUARY 1976;162
10.12.1;1. INTRODUCTION;162
10.12.2;2. DATA;162
10.12.3;3. CONCLUSIONS;165
10.12.4;4. REFERENCES;165
10.12.5;5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;165
10.13;CHAPTER 28.
ATMOSPHERIC THERMAL STRUCTURE DURING A WINTER ANOMALY ABSORPTION EVENT;166
10.13.1;INTRODUCTION;166
10.13.2;WINTER ANOMALY EXPERIMENT;166
10.13.3;SUMMARY;167
10.13.4;REFERENCES;168
10.14;CHAPTER 29. MESOSPHERIC DYNAMICS MEASURED DURING THE 1976 "WINTER ANOMALY"
CAMPAIGN;170
10.14.1;INTRODUCTION;170
10.14.2;REFERENCES;173
10.15;CHAPTER 30.
D.REGION ION COMPOSITION DURING THE WINTER ANOMALY CAMPAIGN ON JANUARY 8,1977;174
10.16;CHAPTER 31.
ON THE LOCAL TIME VARIATION OF ATMOSPHERIC-IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES;178
10.16.1;REFERENCES;181
10.17;CHAPTER 32.
RADIATION PRESSURE DETERMINATION WITH THE CACTUS ACCELEROMETER;182
10.17.1;CONCLUSION;186
10.17.2;REFERENCES;186
10.18;CHAPTER 33.
FIRST ANALYSIS OF 9 MONTHS DATA OBTAINED WITH THE LOW-G ACCELEROMETER CACTUS;188
10.18.1;ABSTRACT;188
10.18.2;INTRODUCTION;188
10.18.3;LATITUDE-LONGITUDE EFFECT;188
10.18.4;NEUTRAL DENSITY WAVES;189
10.18.5;PROFILES;190
10.18.6;REFERENCES;191
10.19;CHAPTER 34.
LOWER THERMOSPHERE RESPONSE TO GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY;192
10.19.1;REFERENCES;195
11;PART V:
THE THERMOSPHERE;196
11.1;CHAPTER 35. SPECTROMETRIC MEASUREMENT OF THE ATOMIC OXYGEN 63µ LINE INTENSITIES 80 KM AND 180
KM;198
11.1.1;ABSTRACT;198
11.1.2;INSTRUMENTATION;198
11.1.3;RESULTS;200
11.1.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;201
11.1.5;REFERENCES;201
11.2;CHAPTER 36. ON THE ADDITIONAL
LYMAN-a ABSORBER IN THE WINTER THERMOSPHERE;202
11.2.1;References;203
11.3;CHAPTER 37.
OBSERVATIONS OF THE DAYTIME HELIUM GEOCORONA WITH A ROCKET-BORNE HELIUM RESONANCE CELL;206
11.3.1;REFERENCES;209
11.3.2;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;209
11.4;CHAPTER 38.
THE ROLE OF EDDY TURBULENCE FOR LONG PERIOD VARIATIONS OF UPPER ATMOSPHERIC DENSITY;210
11.4.1;REFERENCES;213
11.5;CHAPTER 39.
GLOBAL THERMOSPHERIC MODELS OF NEUTRAL DENSITY, EXOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE AND TURBOPAUSE HEIGHT;214
11.5.1;REFERENCES;217
11.6;CHAPTER 40.
THERMOSPHERIC SEASONAL-LATITUDINAL VARIATIONS OF FOUR MAJOR ATMOSPHERIC CONSTITUENTS FROM ESRO 4 GAS-ANALYZER MEASUREMENTS;218
11.6.1;Acknowledgement;220
11.6.2;References;221
11.7;CHAPTER 41.
A NEW THREE-DIMENSIONAL THERMOSPHERIC MODEL BASED ON SATELLITE DRAG DATA;226
11.7.1;ABSTRACT;226
11.7.2;INTRODUCTION;226
11.7.3;METHOD;226
11.7.4;RESULTS;229
11.7.5;REFERENCES;229
11.8;CHAPTER 42.
GLOBAL EXOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES FROM ESRO 4 SCALE HEIGHT MEASUREMENTS;230
11.8.1;INTRODUCTION;230
11.8.2;CONCLUSIONS;232
11.8.3;REFERENCES;232
11.9;CHAPTER 43.
LATITUDINAL AND DIURNAL VARIATIONS OF ATOMIC HYDROGEN DENSITY NEAR THE EXOBASE;234
11.9.1;ABSTRACT;234
11.9.2;INTRODUCTION;234
11.9.3;OBSERVATIONS;234
11.9.4;DISCUSSION;236
11.9.5;REFERENCES;237
11.10;CHAPTER 44.
COLLISION-DETERMINED HYDROGEN ESCAPE RATES AND HYDROGEN DENSITY VARIATIONS AT THE EXOBASE;238
11.10.1;REFERENCES;241
12;PART VI:
THE IONOSPHERE;242
12.1;CHAPTER 45.
FITTING OF CIRA PROFILES WITH EUV ABSORPTION MEASUREMENTS IN THE TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERE;244
12.2;CHAPTER 46.
WORLD-WIDE DESCRIPTION OF IONOSPHERIC TOPSIDE ELECTRON DENSITY;248
12.2.1;REFERENCES;250
12.3;CHAPTER 47.
ION COMPOSITION AND TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION FROM AEROS - B;252
12.3.1;INTRODUCTION;252
12.3.2;RELATION BETWEEN ELECTRON, ION, AND NEUTRAL TEMPERATURES;252
12.3.3;ION TEMPERATURE PROFILES;253
12.3.4;ION COMPOSITION;253
12.3.5;REFERENCES;255
12.4;CHAPTER 48.
HIGH LATITUDE STRUCTURES IN IONOSPHERIC PLASMA;256
12.4.1;References;259
12.5;CHAPTER 49.
ELECTRON TEMPERATURE MODEL DERIVED FROM AEROS-A;260
12.5.1;ABSTRACT;260
12.5.2;INTRODUCTION;260
12.5.3;DATA ANASYSIS;261
12.5.4;RESULTS;262
12.5.5;ACKNOWLEDGMENT;263
12.5.6;REFERENCES;263
12.6;CHAPTER 50.
SUMMER DAYTIME POSITIVE ION COMPOSITION IN THE D-REGION ABOVE WALLOPS ISLAND;264
12.7;CHAPTER 51.
METAL IONS AND ISOTOPES IN SPORADIC E-LAYERS DURING THE PERSEID METEOR SHOWER;268
12.8;CHAPTER 52.
EFFECTIVE COEFFICIENTS IN D-REGION THEORY;272
12.8.1;REFERENCES;275
12.9;CHAPTER 53.
ION COMPOSITION VARIATION AT ALTITUDES OF 100 - 170 km BASED ON ROCKET EXPERIMENTS;276
12.10;CHAPTER 54.
ROCKET OBSERVATIONS OF ELECTRON DENSITY IRREGULARITIES IN THE EQUATORIAL E REGION;280
12.10.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;283
12.10.2;REFERENCES;283
12.11;CHAPTER 55.
ELECTRON TEMPERATURE IN THE EQUATORIAL E REGION MEASURED BY TWO ROCKET EXPERIMENTS AND BY INCOHERENT SCATTER;284
12.11.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;287
12.11.2;REFERENCES;287
12.12;CHAPTER 56.
NO+ IONS IN THE EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE;288
12.12.1;REFERENCES;291
12.13;CHAPTER 57.
LONGITUDINAL SPECIFICS OF IRREGULARITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE;292
12.13.1;REFERENCES;294
12.14;CHAPTER 58.
CORRELATION OF THE IONISATION ANOMALY WITH THE INTENSITY OF THE ELECTROJET;296
12.14.1;INTRODUCTION;296
12.14.2;METHOD OF ANALYSIS;296
12.14.3;RESULTS;297
12.14.4;DISCUSSION;298
12.14.5;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;299
12.14.6;REFERENCES;299
12.15;CHAPTER 59.
ELECTRON PLASMA RESONANCES DETECTED BY A MUTUAL ADMITTANCE PROBE IN THE EQUATORIAL IONOSPHERE;300
12.15.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;302
12.15.2;REFERENCES;302
12.16;CHAPTER 60. F-REGION OSCILLATIONS PRODUCED BY SUDDEN COMMEN CEMENTS OF GEOMAGNETIC STORMS;304
12.16.1;ABSTRACT;304
12.16.2;ANALYSIS OF RESULTS;304
12.16.3;DISCUSSION;306
12.16.4;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;308
12.16.5;REFERENCES;308
13;PART VII:
THE MAGNETOSPHERE;310
13.1;CHAPTER 61.
AURORAL ZONE ELECTRIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS WITH BALLOONS;312
13.1.1;ABSTRACT;312
13.1.2;INTRODUCTION;312
13.1.3;DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENT;312
13.1.4;RESULTS;312
13.1.5;REFERENCES;315
13.2;CHAPTER 62.
STUDY OF AN IONOSPHERIC BAY DISTURBANCE IN CORRELATION WITH HIGH-ENERGY ELECTRON MEASUREMENTS ON SATELLITE COSMOS-348;316
13.2.1;References;317
13.3;CHAPTER 63.
SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS OF PROTONS INVOLVED IN THE GENERATION OF IPDP AND Pc 1;320
13.3.1;REFERENCES;323
13.4;CHAPTER 64.
PROPAGATION OF Pc 1 MICROPULSATIONS IN HORIZONTAL IONOSPHERIC DUCTS;324
13.4.1;ABSTRACT;324
13.4.2;INTRODUCTION;324
13.4.3;THE ANGULAR SPECTRUM OF WAVE-NORMAL DIRECTIONS;324
13.4.4;THE NUMERICAL ANALYSIS;325
13.4.5;DUCTS IN THE HIGH IONOSPHERE;326
13.4.6;REFERENCES;327
13.5;CHAPTER 65.
A ROCKET-GROUND STUDY OF ELECTRON PRECIPITATION IN THE CLEFT REGION;328
13.5.1;REFERENCES;331
13.6;CHAPTER 66.
ENERGETIC ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE AT MID TO HIGH LATITUDES;332
13.6.1;INTRODUCTION;332
13.6.2;THE OBSERVATIONS;332
13.7;CHAPTER 67.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS;334
13.7.1;REFERENCES;335
13.8;CHAPTER 68.
COMPOSITION OF THE HOT PLASMA IN THE INNER MAGNETOSPHERE: OBSERVATIONS AND THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF PROTONS, HELIUM IONS AND OXYGEN IONS;336
13.8.1;INTRODUCTION;336
13.8.2;EQUATORIAL QUIET TIME IONS;336
13.8.3;DISCUSSION;337
13.8.4;REFERENCES;339
13.9;CHAPTER 69.
SOLAR PARTICLE ENTRY TO SYNCHRONOUS ORBIT;340
13.9.1;SUMMARY;342
13.9.2;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;343
13.9.3;REFERENCES;343
13.10;CHAPTER 70.
INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY;344
13.10.1;INTRODUCTION;344
13.10.2;CORRELATIONS;344
13.10.3;DISCUSSION;346
13.10.4;REFERENCES;347
14;PART VIII:
THE SUN AND THE INTERPLANETARY MEDIUM;348
14.1;CHAPTER 71.
THE DYNAMIC X-RAY CORONA;350
14.1.1;INTRODUCTION;350
14.1.2;REFERENCES;353
14.2;CHAPTER 72.
DYNAMICAL BEHAVIOR OF CORONAL CAVITIES, PROMINENCE MATERIAL AND MAGNETIC FIELD;356
14.2.1;REFERENCES;358
14.3;CHAPTER 73.
SOLAR X-RAY TRANSIENTS IN MAGNETICALLY CONFINED PLASMA: OBSERVATIONAL DATA AND HYDRODYNAMIC MODEL;360
14.3.1;REFERENCES;363
14.4;CHAPTER 74.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL FORCE-FREE MAGNETIC FIELDS AS FLARE MODELS;364
14.4.1;References;367
14.5;CHAPTER 75.
THE TELEMETRY OF SOLRAD 11 SATELLITES, AT ARCETRI, DURING SPRING 1976;368
14.5.1;REFERENCES;371
14.6;CHAPTER 76.
X-RAY FLARING REGION OBSERVED BY MEANS OF SOLRAD 11 B EXPERIMENTS;374
14.6.1;BIBLIOGRAPHY;379
14.7;CHAPTER 77.
THE SOURCE OF SOLAR AND INTERPLANETARY PARTICLE EVENTS;380
14.7.1;ABSTRACT;380
14.7.2;INTRODUCTION;380
14.7.3;THE ACCELERATION SPECTRUM;381
14.7.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;381
14.7.5;References;383
14.8;CHAPTER 78.
THE PRIMARY SPECTRUM OF SUPRATHERMAL SOLAR PARTICLES;384
14.8.1;ABSTRACT;384
14.8.2;INTRODUCTION;384
14.8.3;THE IMPULSIVE ACCELERATION SPECTRUM;384
14.8.4;CONCLUSIONS;387
14.8.5;REFERENCES;387
14.9;CHAPTER 79.
SOLAR PARTICLE PRODUCTION DURING THE 1976 SOLAR MINIMUM;388
14.9.1;SUMMARY;391
14.9.2;REFERENCES;391
14.10;CHAPTER 80.
PREDICTION OF THE SOLAR PROTON TIME-INTENSITY PROFILES FOR THE 30 APRIL 1976 EVENT;392
14.10.1;INTRODUCTION;392
14.10.2;CONCEPTS;392
14.10.3;RESULTS;394
14.10.4;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;395
14.10.5;REFERENCES;395
14.11;CHAPTER 81.
COMPARISON OF CORONAL STRUCTURE DEDUCED FROM FARADAY ROTATION MEASUREMENTS WITH SOLAR RADIO MAPS AT 2.8 AND 11 CM;396
14.11.1;REFERENCES;399
14.12;CHAPTER 82.
EVOLUTION OF He4/He3 IN LUNAR SAMPLES AS EVIDENCE FOR DECREASING SOLAR ACTIVITY;400
14.12.1;REFERENCES;403
14.13;CHAPTER 83.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC OBSERVATIONS OF GEOCORONAL AND INTERPLANETARY HELIUM RESONANCE RADIATION;404
14.13.1;ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS;407
14.13.2;REFERENCES;407
14.14;CHAPTER 84.
THE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION OF INTERPLANETARY NEUTRAL GASES AND ITS EFFECT ON THE INTERPLANETARY RESONANCE RADIATION;408
14.14.1;REFERENCES;411
14.15;CHAPTER 85.
DERIVATION OF INTERSTELLAR HELIUM GAS PARAMETERS FROM AN EUV-ROCKET OBSERVATION;412
14.15.1;REFERENCES;415
14.15.2;ACKNOWLEDGEMENT;415
14.16;CHAPTER 86.
INTERSTELLAR WIND PARAMETERS DERIVED FROM THE DISTRIBUTION OF INTERPLANETARY SOLAR RESONANCE RADIATION;416
14.16.1;REFERENCES;418
14.17;CHAPTER 87.
HELIOSPHERE INTERACTION WITH THE INTERSTELLAR GAS;420
14.17.1;REFERENCES;423
15;PART IX:
COSMIC DUST;424
15.1;CHAPTER 88.
ABSOLUTE ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRUM OF THE ZODIACAL LIGHT FROM AN INSTRUMENT ABOARD THE D2B FRENCH ASTRONOMICAL SATELLITE;426
15.1.1;INTRODUCTION;426
15.1.2;INSTRUMENTATION AND OBSERVATIONS;426
15.1.3;REFERENCES;429
15.2;CHAPTER 89.
TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL VARIATIONS OF THE INTERPLANETARY DUST FLUX;430
15.2.1;ABSTRACT;430
15.2.2;INTRODUCTION;430
15.2.3;SPATIAL VARIATION;431
15.2.4;TEMPORAL VARIATION;434
15.2.5;ADDITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS;436
15.2.6;DISCUSSION;438
15.2.7;CONCLUSIONS;439
15.2.8;REFERENCES;440
15.3;CHAPTER 90.
DISTRIBUTION OF HYPERBOLIC COSMIC DUST IN THE VICINITY OF EARTH;442
15.3.1;ABSTRACT;442
15.3.2;REFERENCES;443
15.4;CHAPTER 91.
THE MASS DISTRIBUTION INDICES OF INTERPLANETARY PARTICLES;446
15.5;CHAPTER 92.
NEW LUNAR MICROCRATER EVIDENCE AGAINST A TIME VARYING METEOROID FLUX;450
15.5.1;REFERENCES;453
15.6;CHAPTER 93.
THE ROLE OF ACCRETIONARY PARTICLES ON LUNAR EXPOSURE AND AGEING PROCESSES: LUNAR DUST SLOWS LUNAR CLOCKS;454
15.6.1;INTRODUCTION;454
15.6.2;CONCLUSIONS;457
15.6.3;REFERENCES;457
15.7;CHAPTER 94.
THE ROLE OF ACCRETIONARY PARTICLES IN THE APPROACH TO LUNAR EQUILIBRIUM TOPOLOGY;458
15.7.1;ABSTRACT;458
15.7.2;INTRODUCTION;458
15.7.3;ACCRETA
AND CRATER PRODUCTION POPULATIONS;459
15.7.4;CRATER EROSION MECHANISMS AND EQUILIBRIUM POPULATIONS;459
15.7.5;ACCRETA EROSION MECHANISMS AND EQUILIBRIUM POPULATIONS;460
15.7.6;REFERENCES;461
16;PART X:
MOON AND PLANETS;462
16.1;CHAPTER 95.
GRAVITATIONAL FIELDS OF PLANETS AND THE MOON;464
16.1.1;INTRODUCTION;464
16.1.2;EARTH-MOON SYSTEM;465
16.1.3;MARS;465
16.1.4;JUPITER;466
16.1.5;SATURN;466
16.1.6;URANUS;466
16.1.7;NEPTUNE;466
16.1.8;REFERENCES;467
16.2;CHAPTER 96.
MICROWAVE ABSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CLOUDS OF VENUS FROM MARINER 10 RADIO OCCULTATION;468
16.2.1;Acknowledgement;472
16.2.2;References;472
16.3;CHAPTER 97.
THE ENVELOPES OF JUPITER AND SATURN;474
16.3.1;REFERENCES;475
16.4;CHAPTER 98.
PROPAGATION OF RADIO WAVES IN THE ATMOSPHERES OF JUPITER AND SATURN;476
16.4.1;REFERENCES;480
16.5;CHAPTER 99.
THE ALBEDO OF TITAN;482
16.5.1;REFERENCES;483
17;PART XI:
ASTRONOMY;484
17.1;CHAPTER 100.
SOFT X - RAY DIFFUSE COMPONENT AND THE HOT INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM;486
17.1.1;1 . INTRODUCTION;486
17.1.2;2. SOFT X-RAY SKY;486
17.1.3;3. HOT PLASMA IN THE INTERSTELLAR SPACE;489
17.1.4;4. REGIONS OF SOFT X-RAY ENHANCEMENT;491
17.1.5;5. LOCAL HOT PLASMA REGION;493
17.1.6;6. PROPERTIES OF THE SOFT X-RAY EMITTING REGION;497
17.1.7;REFERENCES;498
17.2;CHAPTER 101. RESULTS FROM THE INDIAN SCIENTIFIC SATELLITE ARYABHATA – (a) FLUX OF HIGH ENERGY ALBEDO NEUTRONS AT 600 KM AND (b) COSMIC GAMMA RAY MEASUREMENTS
IN SPACE;500
17.2.1;INTRODUCTION;500
17.2.2;THE EXPERIMENT;500
17.2.3;RESULTS;501
17.2.4;ACKNOW LODGEMENTS;503
17.2.5;REFERENCES;503
17.3;CHAPTER 102.
STAR MAPPING WITH E.R.C. EXPERIMENT IN AURA FRENCH ASTRONOMICAL SATELLITE;504
17.3.1;REFERENCES;507
17.4;CHAPTER 103.
ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOMETRY OF SKY BACKGROUND AND STARS FROM THE ANTI-SOLAR INSTRUMENT ABOARD THE FRENCH SATELLITE D2B-AURA: PRELIMINARY RESULTS;508
17.4.1;INTRODUCTION;508
17.4.2;STELLAR PHOTOMETRY;509
17.4.3;RESULTS;510
17.4.4;REFERENCES;511
18;PART XII:
MATERIALS SCIENCE UNDER MICRO-GRAVITY CONDITIONS;512
18.1;CHAPTER 104.
CRITICAL PHENOMENA IN A LOW GRAVITY ENVIRONMENT;514
18.1.1;ABSTRACT;514
18.1.2;NOMENCLATURE;514
18.1.3;INTRODUCTION;514
18.1.4;CRITICAL PHENOMENA;515
18.1.5;SCALING LAWS AND UNIVERSALITY;517
18.1.6;GRAVITY EFFECTS;519
18.1.7;CONCLUSIONS;522
18.1.8;ACKNOWLEDGMENTS;522
18.1.9;REFERENCES;522
18.2;CHAPTER 105.
ON THE POSSIBILITY OF MEASURING THE SORET COEFFICIENT UNDER ZERO GRAVITY CONDITIONS: A PRELIMINARY STABILITY ANALYSIS;526
18.2.1;REFERENCES;528
18.3;CHAPTER 106.
DEPLACEMENT DON LIQUIDE DANS UN TUBE CAPILLAIRE EN MICROGRAVITATION;530
18.3.1;INTRODUCTION;530
18.3.2;EQUATION DU MOUVEMENT DU LIQUIDE DANS LE TUBE;530
18.3.3;SOLUTIONS ET COMPARAISON AVEC D'AUTRES RESULTATS;531
18.3.4;INFLUENCE D'UNE VARIATION IMPORTANTE DE LA GRAVITATION;532
18.3.5;CONCLUSION;533
18.3.6;REFERENCES;533
18.4;CHAPTER 107.
TENSIONS SUPERFICIELLES DE METAUX ET ALLIAGES LIQUIDES;534
18.4.1;1. DESCRIPTION THERMODYNAMIQUE;534
18.4.2;2. METAUX LIQUIDES PURS. EFFET DE LA TEMPERATURE;534
18.4.3;3. ALLIAGES METALLIQUES. EFFET DE LA CONCENTRATION ET DE TEMPERATURE;535
18.4.4;REFERENCES;536
18.5;CHAPTER 108.
FLOATING ZONE-EQUILIBRIUM SHAPES AND STABILITY CRITERIA;538
18.5.1;Acknowledgement;541
18.5.2;References;541
18.6;CHAPTER 109.
FLOW PHENOMENA IN GRAVITATIONLESS MELTING ZONES IN THE PRESENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS;542
18.6.1;ABSTRACT;542
18.6.2;INTRODUCTION;542
18.6.3;NUMERICAL ANALYSIS;542
18.6.4;MAGNETIC FIELD;543
18.6.5;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;543
18.6.6;EXPERIMENTS ON MARANGONI -
CONVECTION AT REDUCED GRAVITY;544
18.6.7;REFERENCES;544
18.7;CHAPTER 110.
VAPOR GROWTH AND TRANSPORT RATES OF IV-VI COMPOUNDS IN MICRO-GRAVITY;546
18.7.1;ABSTRACT;546
18.8;CHAPTER 111. TECHNOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS EXPOSED TO LOW GRAVITY DURING SOUNDING ROCKET FLIGHTS –
PROJECT TEXUS;548
18.8.1;1.
Introduction;548
18.8.2;2. TEXUS I payload;548
18.8.3;3. Experiments in TEM 01;549
18.8.4;4. Experiment in TEM 02;550
18.8.5;5. Experiments in TEM 06 E;550
18.8.6;6. Experiment in TEM 06 G;551
18.8.7;7. Experiments in TEM-SSC;551
18.9;CHAPTER 112.
MATERIAL SCIENCE INVESTIGATIONS TO BE PERFORMED WITH THE SPACELAB FLUID PHYSICS MODULE;552
18.9.1;ABSTRACT;552
18.9.2;OUTLINE OF PLANNED INVESTIGATIONS;552
18.9.3;TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FLUID PHYSICS MODULE;554
18.10;CHAPTER 113.
REASSESSMENT OF SPACE ELECTROPHORESIS;556
18.10.1;INTRODUCTION;556
18.10.2;CELL ELECTROPHORESIS;556
18.10.3;PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS;557
18.10.4;REFERENCES;558
19;AUTHOR INDEX;560