Sabry Wellness

Responding To A Change World
1. Auflage 2024
ISBN: 978-977-820-105-5
Verlag: Kayan for Publishing
Format: EPUB
Kopierschutz: 6 - ePub Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 258 Seiten

'Curses can turn into blessings, though not always will the timing be so convenient!' Although this period has been stressful for everyone. It has also given many of us the time to reflect on our lives, relationships, goals, and make new plans for the future. Many have learned how to be more thankful and empathetic - In other words, putting aside that many have lost loved ones, this period seems to be a blessing in disguise for many. Happiness lies in self love and self care. The challenge lies in building the capability to break all the barriers within yourself that prevent you from seeking the love you deserve.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sabry, Rania

Leseproben

HISTORY OF GLOBAL EFFORTS TO IMPROVE WORKER HEALTH

The origin and evolution of efforts to improve worker health, safety, and well-being are complex, as ideas about how best to achieve the World Health Organization’s (WHO) and International Labour Organization’s (ILO) goals for workers have evolved over time.

WHO and ILO joined forces very soon after WHO’s formation, in the Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health, recognizing the importance of these issues. It is relatively recently, however, that health promotion has specifically been linked to the Corporate.

For several decades, health promotion activities and occupational health activities operated in two somewhat separate streams. In recent years the streams have converged, and the linkages have become stronger, both within WHO and between WHO and ILO.

A brief chronology and description of key events and declarations is as follows:

Health Promotion

Occupational Health

Declaration of Ama-Ata Ottawa Charter Jakarta Declaration WHA Resolution 51.12 Bangkok Charter

1950 1978 1981 1985 1986 1994 1996 1997 1998 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007

Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occ. Health ILO Convention C155 OH&S ILO Convention C161 OH Services Global Declaration of OH for All Global Strategy of OH for All Luxembourg Declaration Cardiff Memorandum Barcelona Declaration ILO Global Strategy on OSH Stresa Declaration; ILO Convention C187 Promotion Global Plan of Action

1950 – Joint ILO/WHO Committee on Occupational Health. Soon after the formation of the World Health Organization, this joint committee initiated collaboration between the two organizations, which has continued to the present day.

1978 – Declaration of Alma-Ata. After the International Conference on Primary Health Care held in Alma Ata in the former Soviet Union, this Declaration was signed by all participants. It “heralded a shift in power from the providers of health services to the consumers of those services and the wider community” and in noting that primary health care brought national health care “as close as possible to where people live and work” rather than only in hospitals, provided the right environment for the concepts of health promotion and occupational health and safety to develop and grow.

1981 – ILO Convention 155. Passed at the 67th ILO session in 1981, this Occupational Health and Safety Convention requires Member States to establish national policies on occupational health and safety, dealing primarily with the physical work environment, and to establish legislative and infrastructure support to enforce health and safety in workplaces. The aim of the suggested policy is to prevent accidents and injury to health arising out of work, by minimizing the causes of hazards inherent in the working environment. To date, 56 nations have ratified it.

1985 – ILO Convention 161. Four years later, at the 71st session of the ILO, this Occupational Health Services Convention was approved. This resolution calls on employers in Member States to establish occupational health services for all workers in the private and public sectors. These services would include surveillance of hazardous situations in the environment, surveillance of worker health, advice and promotion related to worker health including occupational hygiene and ergonomics, first aid and emergency health services, and vocational rehabilitation. This Convention has been ratified by 28 countries to date.

1986 – Ottawa Charter. This key document, generated at WHO’s First International Conference on Health Promotion, in Ottawa, Canada, is generally credited with introducing the concept of health promotion as it is used today: “the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health.” It further legitimized the need for intersectoral collaboration, and introduced the “settings approach.” This included the Corporate as one of the key settings for health promotion, as well as suggesting the Corporate as one area where a supportive environment for health must be created.

1994 – Global Declaration of Occupational Health for All. Over the years, a network of over 60 WHO Collaborating Centres in Occupational Health has developed. These Centres hold an international meeting approximately every two years to ensure coordinated planning and activities. At the Second Meeting of WHO Collaborating Centres in Occupational Health, held in Beijing in 1994, a Declaration on Occupational Health for All was signed by the participants. One notable aspect of this Declaration was the clear statement that the term, “occupational health” includes accident prevention (health & safety), and factors such as psychosocial stress. It urged Member States to increase their occupational health activities.

1996 – Global Strategy on Occupational Health for All. The Global Strategy drafted at the 1994 Beijing meeting of Occupational Health Collaborating Centres was approved by WHA in 1996. It presented a brief situation analysis, and recommended 10 priority areas for action. Priority Area 3 pointed out the importance of using the Corporate to influence workers’ lifestyle factors (health promotion) that may impact their health.

1997 – Jakarta Declaration on Health Promotion. Signed after the Fourth International Conference on Health Promotion, this Declaration reinforced the Ottawa Charter, but emphasized the importance of social responsibility for health, expanding partnerships for health, increasing community capacity and empowering individuals, and securing the infrastructure for health.

1997– Luxembourg Declaration on Workplace Health Promotion in the European Union. While each WHO Region has been active in some ways in relation to workers’ health, the European Member States’ political activities in coming together in the European Union has accelerated their ability to work together on certain themes. The European Network for Workplace Health Promotion was formed in 1996, and at a meeting in Luxembourg the following year, passed this Declaration, which reported the group’s consensus on the definition of Workplace Health Promotion (WHP). They defined WHP as “the combined efforts of employees, employers and society to improve the health and well-being of people at work. This can be achieved through a combination of: improving the work organization and the working environment; promoting active participation; encouraging personal development.” The subsequent text went on to make it clear that WHP included improvement of the physical and psychosocial work environment, and also the personal development of workers with respect to their own health, or traditional health promotion.

1998 – Cardiff Memorandum on WHP in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. The European Network for WHP followed up on the Luxembourg Declaration by adopting this Memorandum that emphasized the importance of SMEs to the economy, and outlined the differences and difficulties in implementing WHP in SMEs. The Memorandum outlined priorities for the European nations to apply WHP in SMEs.

1998 – World Health Assembly Resolution The Fifty-first World Health Assembly passed a resolution (51.12) on health promotion endorsing the Jakarta Declaration, and called on the Director General of WHO to “enhance the Organization’s capacity and that of Member States to foster the development of health-promoting cities, islands, local communities, markets, schools, workplaces and health services.”

2002 – Barcelona Declaration on Developing Good Workplace Health Practice in Europe. This Declaration, following the 3rd European Conference on WHP, stressed, “there is no public health without good Workplace Health.” It went so far as to suggest that the world of work might be the single strongest social determinant of health. It also noted the strong business case that exists for WHP. A clear message was the importance of having the occupational health & safety and public health sectors to work together on WHP.

2003 – Global Strategy on Occupational Safety and Health. At its 91st annual conference, the ILO endorsed this global strategy dealing with the prevention of occupational injuries and illnesses. The importance of using an OSH management system approach of continual improvement was stressed, as was the need, and a commitment, to take account of gender specific factors in the context of OSH standards.

2005 – Bangkok Charter for Health Promotion in a Globalized World. This second charter was signed after WHO’s Sixth Global Conference on Health Promotion. While noteworthy for several reasons, a significant one was a key commitment to make health promotion “a requirement for good corporate practice.” For the first time, this explicitly recognized that employers/corporations should practice health promotion in the Corporate. It...