Sanes / Reh / Harris Development of the Nervous System

2. Auflage 2005
ISBN: 978-0-08-047249-2
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 392 Seiten, Web PDF

Development of the Nervous System, Second Edition has been thoroughly revised and updated since the publication of the First Edition. It presents a broad outline of neural development principles as exemplified by key experiments and observations from past and recent times. The text is organized along a development pathway from the induction of the neural primordium to the emergence of behavior. It covers all the major topics including the patterning and growth of the nervous system, neuronal determination, axonal navigation and targeting, synapse formation and plasticity, and neuronal survival and death. This new text reflects the complete modernization of the field achieved through the use of model organisms and the intensive application of molecular and genetic approaches. The original, artist-rendered drawings from the First Edition have all been redone and colorized to so that the entire text is in full color. This new edition is an excellent textbook for undergraduate and graduate level students in courses such as Neuroscience, Medicine, Psychology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Developmental Biology. - Updates information including all the new developments made in the field since the first edition - Now in full color throughout, with the original, artist-rendered drawings from the first edition completely redone, revised, colorized, and updated

Dr. Sanes is Professor in the Center for Neural Science and Department of Biology at New York University. Named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2010 for his research in auditory central nervous system development, his research has been supported by the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders and the National Science Foundation. His lab studies synaptic plasticity and central auditory processing, and the phenomenon of hearing loss during development.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Sanes, Dan H.

Reh, Thomas A.

Harris, William A.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Cover;1
2;Contents;8
3;Preface to the First Edition;12
4;Preface to the Second Edition;14
5;Chapter 1: Neural Induction;16
5.1;Development and Evolution of Neurons;16
5.2;Early Embryology of Metazoans;16
5.3;Derivation of Neural Tissue;18
5.4;Interactions with Neighboring Tissues in Making Neural Tissue;24
5.5;The Molecular Nature of the Neural Inducer;28
5.6;Conservation of Neural Induction;31
5.7;Interactions Among the Ectodermal Cells in Controlling Neuroblast Segregation;35
5.8;Notch, Delta, and Achaete Scute Genes in Vertebrates;40
5.9;Linking Induction to Proneural Activity;42
5.10;Summary;43
6;Chapter 2: Polarity and Segmentation;44
6.1;Regional Identity of the Nervous System;44
6.2;The Anterior-Posterior Axis and HOX Genes;45
6.3;HOX Gene Function in the Nervous System;48
6.4;Signaling Molecules that Pattern the Anterior-Posterior Axis in Vertebrates: Heads or Tails;51
6.5;Organizing Centers in the Developing Brain;54
6.6;Forebrain Development, Prosomeres, and PAX Genes;57
6.7;Dorsal-Ventral Polarity in the Neural Tube;61
6.8;Dorsal Neural Tube and Neural Crest;65
6.9;Patterning the Cerebral Cortex;67
6.10;Summary;70
7;Chapter 3: Genesis and Migration;72
7.1;Cell-Cycle Genes Control the Number of Neurons Generated during Development;77
7.2;Cell Interactions Control the Number of Cells Made by Progenitors;78
7.3;The Generation of Neurons and GLIA;84
7.4;Cerebral Cortex Histogenesis;86
7.5;The Subventricular Zone: A Secondary Zone of Neurogenesis;90
7.6;Cerebellar Cortex Histogenesis;91
7.7;Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Migration;93
7.8;Postembryonic and Adult Neurogenesis;97
7.9;Summary;100
8;Chapter 4: Determination and Differentiation;102
8.1;Transcriptional Hierarchies in Invariant Lineages;103
8.2;Spatial and Temporal Coordinates of Determination;106
8.3;Asymmetric Cell Divisions and Asymmetric Fate;108
8.4;Generating Complexity through Cellular Interactions;109
8.5;Specification and Differentiation through Cellular Interactions and Interactions with the Local Environment;112
8.6;Competence and Histogenesis;115
8.7;The Interplay of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Influences in Histogenesis;117
8.8;Interpreting Gradients and the Spatial Organization of Cell Types;121
8.9;Summary;124
9;Chapter 5: Axon Growth and Guidance;126
9.1;The Growth Cone;129
9.2;The Dynamic Cytoskeleton;131
9.3;What Do Growth Cones Grow On?;136
9.4;What Provides Directional Information to Growth Cones?;138
9.5;Cell Adhesion and Labeled Pathways;139
9.6;Repulsive Guidance;142
9.7;Chemotaxis, Gradients, and Local Information;145
9.8;The Optic Pathway;148
9.9;The Midline;149
9.10;Attraction and Repulsion: Desensitization and Adaptation;149
9.11;Signal Transduction;152
9.12;Summary;153
10;Chapter 6: Target Selection;160
10.1;Defasiculation;160
10.2;Target Recognition and Entry;162
10.3;Slowing Down and Branching;163
10.4;Border Patrol and Prevention of Inappropriate Targeting;164
10.5;Topographic Mapping;167
10.6;Chemospecificity and Ephrins;168
10.7;Shifting and Fine Tuning of Connections;173
10.8;The Third Dimension, Lamina-Specific Termination;177
10.9;Cellular and Synaptic Targeting;179
10.10;Sniffing Out Targets;181
10.11;Summary;185
11;Chapter 7: Naturally Occurring Neuron Death;188
11.1;What does Neuron Death Look Like?;188
11.2;Early Elimination of Progenitor Cells;189
11.3;How Many Differentiated Neurons Die?;189
11.4;Survival Depends on the Synaptic Target;191
11.5;NGF: A Target-Derived Survival Factor;195
11.6;The Neurotrophin Family;197
11.7;The TRK Family of Neurotrophin Receptors;199
11.8;How does the Neurotrophin Signal Reach the Soma?;201
11.9;The P75 Neurotrophin Receptor;201
11.10;The Expanding World of Survival Factors;203
11.11;Endocrine Control of Cell Survival;205
11.12;Cell Death Requires Protein Synthesis;207
11.13;Intracellular Signaling;208
11.14;Caspases: Agents of Death;211
11.15;BCL-2 Proteins: Regulators of Apoptosis;215
11.16;Synaptic Transmission at the Target;216
11.17;Afferent Regulation of Cell Survival;217
11.18;Summary;221
12;Chapter 8: Synapse Formation and Function;222
12.1;What Do Newly Formed Synapses Look Like?;226
12.2;The First Signs of Synapse Function;230
12.3;The Decision to Form a Synapse;233
12.4;The Sticky Synapse;235
12.5;Converting Growth Cones to Presynaptic Terminals;236
12.6;Receptor Clustering Signifies Postsynaptic Differentiation at NMJ;237
12.7;Presynaptic Terminals Induce Receptor Aggregation;239
12.8;Agrin, a Transynaptic Clustering Signal;241
12.9;Postsynaptic Response to Agrin;242
12.10;Receptor Clustering Signals in the CNS;244
12.11;Internal Membrane Proteins and Receptor Aggregation in the CNS;245
12.12;The Expression and Insertion of New Receptors;248
12.13;Neuronal Activity Regulates Receptor Expression;250
12.14;Neuregulin, a Regulator of Postsynaptic Transcription;251
12.15;Maturation of Transmission and Receptor Isoform Transitions;253
12.16;Maturation of Transmitter Reuptake;256
12.17;Short-Term Plasticity;257
12.18;Appearance of Synaptic Inhibition;258
12.19;Is Inhibition Really Inhibitory during Development?;258
12.20;Summary;259
13;Chapter 9: Refinement of Synaptic Connections;262
13.1;The Early Pattern of Connections;262
13.2;Functional Synapses are Eliminated;264
13.3;Axonal Arbors are Refined or Eliminated;265
13.4;Some Terminals Expand or Remain Stable;270
13.5;Neural Activity Regulates Synaptic Connections;270
13.6;Sensory Coding Properties Reflect Synapse Rearrangement;277
13.7;Activity Contributes to the Alignment of Sensory Maps ;280
13.8;Spontaneous Activity and Afferent Segregation;282
13.9;Many Forms of Plasticity have a Time Limit;286
13.10;Synapses Interact Over a Short Distance;286
13.11;Heterosynaptic Depression;287
13.12;Postsynaptic Receptors are Eliminated;289
13.13;Involvement of Intracellular Calcium;291
13.14;NMDA Receptors and Calcium Signaling;291
13.15;The Role of Second Messenger Systems;293
13.16;Metabotropic Receptors;294
13.17;Gain Control;295
13.18;Silent Synapses ;297
13.19;Homeostasis: The More Things Change, the More They Stay the Same;298
13.20;Plasticity of Inhibitory Connections;299
13.21;Synaptic Influence on Neuron Morphology;300
13.22;Summary ;302
14;Chapter 10: Behavioral Development;304
14.1;Behavioral Ontogeny;304
14.2;Genetic and Environmental Mechanisms;305
14.3;Environmental Determinants of Behavioral Development;306
14.4;The First Movements;306
14.5;The Mechanism of Spontaneous Movements;308
14.6;Embryonic Movements: Uncoordinated or Integrated?;309
14.7;The Role of Activity in the Emergence of Coordinated Behavior;311
14.8;Stage-Specific Behaviors;312
14.9;Beginning to Make Sense of the World;314
14.10;Asking Babies Questions;315
14.11;Sharp Eyesight;316
14.12;Acute Hearing;317
14.13;Sex-Specific Behavior;320
14.14;Genetic Sex;321
14.15;Hormonal Signals;321
14.16;Hormonal Control of Brain Gender;322
14.17;Genetic Control of Brain Gender;323
14.18;Singing in the Brain;324
14.19;From Gonads to Brain?;325
14.20;Learning to Remember;326
14.21;Where’s Mamma?;327
14.22;Fear and Loathing;329
14.23;Getting Information from One Brain to Another;332
14.24;Language;334
14.25;Summary;336
15;References;338
16;Index;376