Metastability of Solutions and Melts
Buch, Englisch, 512 Seiten, Format (B × H): 155 mm x 244 mm, Gewicht: 885 g
ISBN: 978-1-119-46157-9
Verlag: Wiley
A unique text presenting practical information on the topic of nucleation and crystal growth processes from metastable solutions and melts
Nucleation and Crystal Growth is a groundbreaking text thatoffers an overview and description of the processes and phenomena associated with metastability of solutions and melts. The author—a noted expert in the field—puts the emphasis on low-temperature solutions that are typically involved in crystallization in a wide range of industries. The text begins with a review of the basic knowledge of solutions and the fundamentals of crystallization processes. The author then explores topics related to the metastable state of solutions and melts from the standpoint of three-dimensional nucleation and crystal growth.
Nucleation and Crystal Growth is the first text that contains a unified description and discussion of the many processes and phenomena occurring in the metastable zone of solutions and melts from the consideration of basic concepts of structure of crystallization. This important text:
- Outlines an interdisciplinary approach to the topic and offers an essential guide for crystal growth practitioners in materials science, physics, and chemical engineering
- Contains a comprehensive content that details the crystallization processes starting from the initial solutions and melts, all the way through nucleation, to the final crystal products
- Presents a unique focus and is the first book on understanding, and exploiting, metastability of solutions and melts in crystallization processes
Written for specialists and researchers in the fields of materials science, condensed matter physics, and chemical engineering. Nucleation and Crystal Growth is a practical resource filled with hands-on knowledge of nucleation and crystal growth processes from metastable solutions and melts.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Fachgebiete
- Naturwissenschaften Physik Thermodynamik Festkörperphysik, Kondensierte Materie
- Naturwissenschaften Chemie Physikalische Chemie Chemische Kristallographie
- Naturwissenschaften Chemie Physikalische Chemie Thermochemie, Chemische Thermodynamik
- Technische Wissenschaften Maschinenbau | Werkstoffkunde Technische Mechanik | Werkstoffkunde Technische Thermodynamik
- Technische Wissenschaften Verfahrenstechnik | Chemieingenieurwesen | Biotechnologie Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
Weitere Infos & Material
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xix
List of Frequently Used Symbols xxi
1 Structure and Properties of Liquids 1
1.1 Different States of Matter 1
1.2 Models of Liquid Structure 6
1.3 Water and Other Common Solvents 12
1.4 Properties of Solutions 15
1.4.1 The Solvation Process 17
1.4.2 The Concentration of Solutions 19
1.4.3 Density and Thermal Expansivity of Solutions 21
1.4.4 Viscosity of Solutions 27
1.5 Saturated Solutions 35
1.6 High-Temperature Solvents and Solutions 43
References 46
2 Three-dimensional Nucleation of Crystals and Solute Solubility 49
2.1 Driving Force for Phase Transition 49
2.2 3D Nucleation of Crystals 54
2.2.1 Nucleation Barrier 55
2.2.2 Nucleation Rate 56
2.2.3 3D Heterogeneous Nucleation 60
2.3 Ideal and Real Solubility 63
2.3.1 Basic Concepts 63
2.3.2 Examples of Experimental Data 68
2.3.3 Mathematical Representation of Solute Solubility in Solvent Mixtures 76
2.4 Solute Solubility as a Function of Solvent–Mixture Composition 78
2.4.1 A Simple Practical Approach 78
2.4.2 Physical Interpretation of the d Factor and Solvent Activity 87
2.4.3 Preferential Solvation of Solute by Solvents 89
2.5 Solid–Solvent Interfacial Energy 92
2.6 Solubility and Supersolubility 96
References 101
3 Kinetics and Mechanism of Crystallization 105
3.1 Crystal Growth as a Kinetic Process 106
3.2 Types of Crystal–Medium Interfaces 107
3.3 Thermodynamic and Kinetic Roughening of Surfaces 108
3.4 Growth Kinetics of Rough Faces 111
3.5 Growth Kinetics of Perfect Smooth Faces 112
3.6 Growth Kinetics of Imperfect Smooth Faces 116
3.6.1 Surface Diffusion and Direct Integration Models 117
3.6.2 Bulk Diffusion Models 119
3.6.3 Growth at Edge Dislocations 120
3.7 Simultaneous Bulk-Diffusion and Surface-Reaction Controlled Growth 121
3.8 Effect of Impurities on Growth Kinetics 123
3.9 Overall Crystallization 127
3.9.1 Basic Theoretical Equations 129
3.9.2 Polynuclear Crystallization 133
3.9.2.1 Instantaneous Nucleation Mode 134
3.9.2.2 Progressive Nucleation Mode 135
3.9.2.3 Trends of Overall Crystallization Curves 136
3.9.2.4 Some Comments on the KJMA Theory 138
3.9.3 Mononuclear Crystallization 139
3.9.4 Effect of Additives on Overall Crystallization 139
References 140
4 Phase Transformation and Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics 145
4.1 Nucleation and Transformation of Metastable Phases 146
4.1.1 Thermodynamics of Crystallization of Metastable Phases 147
4.1.2 Transformation Kinetics of Metastable Phases 151
4.1.3 Transformation of Metastable Phases According to KJMA Theory 158
4.1.4 Effect of Solvent on Transformation of Metastable Phases 160
4.2 Some Non-KJMAModels of Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics 170
4.2.1 Approach Involving Formation of an Amorphous Precursor 170
4.2.2 Model of Mazzanti, Marangoni, and Idziak 175
4.2.3 Gompertz’s Model 178
4.2.4 Model of Foubert, Dewettinck, Jansen, and Vanrolleghem 179
4.3 Comparison of Different Models of Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics 181
References 186
5 Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics and the Metastable Zone Width 189
5.1 Theoretical Interpretations of MSZW 191
5.1.1 Nývlt’s Approach 192
5.1.2 Kubota’s Approach 194
5.1.3 Self-Consistent Nývlt-Like Equation of MSZW 195
5.1.4 Approach Based on the Classical Theory of 3D Nucleation 197
5.1.5 Approach Based on Progressive 3D Nucleation 199
5.1.6 Approach Based on Instantaneous 3D Nucleation 202
5.2 Experimental Results on MSZW of Solute-Solvent Systems 202
5.2.1 Dependence of Dimensionless Supercooling on Cooling Rate 20
