Schenk / Magee Organic Functional Group Analysis

Theory and Development
1. Auflage 2013
ISBN: 978-1-4831-9119-5
Verlag: Elsevier Science & Techn.
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 308 Seiten, Web PDF

Organic Functional Group Analysis: Theory and Development details the methods the best represent the progress in functional group analysis. In the second part, the title presents several papers that cover various areas in the field of functional group analysis. The text first covers the oximation of acetone and furfural, and then proceeds to tackling the utility of non-aqueous titrations. The selection also discusses how the determination of the per cent enol provides information which complements the per cent purity found by non-aqueous titration. Next, the title discusses the analytical advantages in using base catalysis and acid catalysis with the same reagent. The last chapters present useful functional group methods which have received impetus from contemporary research. The book will be of great use to students, researchers, and practitioners of chemistry related disciplines.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Schenk, George H.

Magee, R. J.

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Front Cover;1
2;Organic Functional Group Analysis: Theory and Development;4
3;Copyright Page;5
4;Table of Contents;6
5;Preface;10
6;PART I:;12
6.1;CHAPTER 1. Determination of the Carbonyl Group: Oximation and Other Methods;14
6.1.1;EARLY OXIMATION METHODS;14
6.1.2;OXIMATION EQUILIBRIA AND pH;17
6.1.3;MODERN OXIMATION METHODS;20
6.1.4;RATE OF OXIMATION AND pH;21
6.1.5;FUTURERE SEARCH: NEW APPLICATIONS AND METHODS;26
6.1.6;OTHER CARBONYL METHODS;28
6.1.7;REFERENCES;30
6.2;CHAPTER 2. Analysis of Enolic-type Compounds: Kurt Meyer Bromination and Nonaqueous Titration;32
6.2.1;BROMINATION OF THE ENOL TAUTOMER;33
6.2.2;NONAQUEOUS TITRATION OF ENOLIC COMPOUNDS;36
6.2.3;REFERENCES;40
6.3;CHAPTER 3. Determination of the Hydroxyl and Amino Groups: Base-catalyzed Acylation Methods;41
6.3.1;EARLY ACYLATION METHODS;42
6.3.2;BASE-CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS OF ACETIC ANHYDRIDE;45
6.3.3;MODERN ACYLATION METHODS;47
6.3.4;STERIC HINDRANCE PROBLEMS: TERTIARY ALCOHOLS AND ORTHO-SUBSTITUTED PHENOLS;50
6.3.5;FUTURE RESEARCH: APPLICATIONS TO INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS;53
6.3.6;REFERENCES;54
6.4;CHAPTER 4. Determination of Hydroxyl Groups and Alkoxysilanes: Acid-catalyzed Acetylation Methods;56
6.4.1;EARLY ACID-CATALYZED ACETYLATION METHODS;57
6.4.2;MECHANISM OF ACID-CATALYZED ACETYLATION;59
6.4.3;MODERN METHODS: DETERMINATION OF HYDROXYL GROUPS;60
6.4.4;MODERN METHODS AND STERICALLY-HINDERED HYDROXYL GROUPS;64
6.4.5;MODERN METHODS: DETERMINATION OF ALKOXYSILANES;66
6.4.6;APPLICATIONS TO INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS AND FUTURE RESEARCH;67
6.4.7;REFERENCES;69
6.5;CHAPTER 5. Determination of the Epoxide Group: Quantitative Ring Opening Methods;71
6.5.1;EARLY ACID ADDITION METHODS;73
6.5.2;MODERN ACID ADDITION METHODS;75
6.5.3;NUCLEOPHILIC REACTIONS IN NEUTRAL OR BASIC SOLUTION;77
6.5.4;OTHER APPROACHES AND INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS;78
6.5.5;REFERENCES;79
6.6;CHAPTER 6. Determination of 1,3-Dienes: Diels–Alder Addition Methods;81
6.6.1;DETERMINATION OF ACYCLIC COMPOUNDS USING MALEIC ANHYDRIDE;83
6.6.2;DETERMINATION OF ANTHRACENE;85
6.6.3;DETERMINATION OF CYCLOPENTADIENE;86
6.6.4;GENERAL METHODS FOR 1,3-DIENES;87
6.6.5;INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS AND SEPARATIONS;88
6.6.6;REFERENCES;90
6.7;CHAPTER 7. Determination of Electron-rich Compounds: Electron–Donor–Acceptor Complexes and Charge Transfer Spectra;91
6.7.1;STABILITY OF THE COMPLEXES;93
6.7.2;CHARGE TRANSFER SPECTRA;95
6.7.3;CHARACTERIZATION OF ELECTRON DONORS;98
6.7.4;DETERMINATION OF ELECTRON DONORS;100
6.7.5;OXIDATION WITH ELECTRON ACCEPTORS;101
6.7.6;INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS AND SEPARATIONS;103
6.7.7;REFERENCES;104
7;PART II:;106
7.1;Author's note;106
7.2;CHAPTER 1. The Determination of Aldehydes in Oil of Lemon;108
7.3;CHAPTER 2. The Estimation of Aldehydes and Ketones by Means of Hydroxylamine;111
7.4;CHAPTER 3. Improved Hydroxylamine Method for the Determination of Aldehydes and Ketones Displacement of Oxime Equilibria by Means of Pyridine;113
7.4.1;ANALYTICAL RESULTS;115
7.4.2;REFERENCES;118
7.5;CHAPTER 4. Determination of Carbonyl Compounds;119
7.5.1;REAGENTS;120
7.5.2;PROCEDURE;121
7.5.3;DEVELOPMENT OF METHOD;122
7.5.4;REFERENCES;125
7.6;CHAPTER 5. Macro- and Semimicrodetermination of Aldehydes and Ketones by Reaction with Hydroxylammonium Formate;126
7.6.1;MODIFIED MACRO METHOD;127
7.6.2;REFERENCES;130
7.7;CHAPTER 6.
Studies on the Mechanism of Oxime and Semicarbazone Formationa;131
7.7.1;RESULTS;132
7.7.2;DISCUSSION;136
7.7.3;REFERENCES;140
7.8;CHAPTER 7. O-Methyloximes as Carbonyl Derivatives in Gas Chromatography, Mass Spectrometry, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance;142
7.8.1;EXPERIMENTAL;143
7.8.2;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;144
7.8.3;REFERENCES;144
7.9;CHAPTER 8. Quantitative Aspects of the Base-catalysed Halogenation of Aliphatic Ketones. Part I. lodination of Methyl Ketones;146
7.9.1;RESULTS;147
7.9.2;DISCUSSION;148
7.9.3;REFERENCES;152
7.10;CHAPTER 9. An Improved Kurt Meyer Titration;153
7.10.1;PREPARATION OF REAGENTS;154
7.10.2;TITRATIONS;154
7.10.3;DISCUSSION;156
7.10.4;REFERENCES;157
7.11;CHAPTER 10. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Signals from/a Tautomeric Mixture;158
7.11.1;REFERENCES;161
7.12;CHAPTER 11. tration of Enols and Imides n Nonaqueous Solvents;162
7.12.1;REAGENTS AND SOLUTIONS;162
7.12.2;PROCEDURES;163
7.12.3;SCOPE;163
7.12.4;INTERFERENCES;166
7.12.5;DISCUSSION;167
7.12.6;REFERENCES;167
7.13;CHAPTER 12. Quantitative Ester Formation and the Determination of Alcohols and Phenols;168
7.13.1;DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD;169
7.14;CHAPTER 13. Determining the Hydroxyl Content of Certain Organic Compounds Macro- and Semimicromethods;171
7.14.1;MACROPROCEDURE;172
7.14.2;CALCULATION;173
7.14.3;DISCUSSION;174
7.14.4;REFERENCES;175
7.15;CHAPTER 14. The Hydrolysis of Acetic Anhydride. Part lll. The Catalytic Efficiency of a Series of Tertiary Amines;176
7.15.1;EXPERIMENTAL;177
7.15.2;DISCUSSION;178
7.16;CHAPTER 15. Determination of Hydroxy and Amino Compounds Using Pyromellitic Dianhydride;184
7.16.1;REAGENTS;185
7.16.2;PROCEDURE;185
7.16.3;DISCUSSION AND RESULTS;185
7.16.4;REFERENCES;186
7.16.5;EXPERIMENTAL;187
7.16.6;DISCUSSION AND RESULTS;187
7.17;CHAPTER 16. A Study of Base-catalyzed and Salt-catalyzed Acetylation of Hydroxyl Groups;189
7.17.1;EXPERIMENTAL;191
7.17.2;BASE-CATALYZED ACETYLATION;193
7.17.3;REFERENCES;200
7.18;CHAPTER 17. The Detection and Estimation of the Relative Amounts of Primary and Secondary Hydroxyl Groupsusing N.M.R.;202
7.18.1;ACETYLATION;204
7.18.2;ACCURACY AND SENSITIVITY;205
7.18.3;REFERENCES;207
7.19;CHAPTER 18. Phosphoric Acetylation of the Hydroxyl Group;208
7.19.1;I. Determination of the Phosphoric Acetylation Index;209
7.19.2;II. Phosphoric Acetylation of Alcohols;212
7.19.3;III. Phosphoric Acetylation and Pyridine Acetylation;214
7.19.4;REFERENCES;214
7.20;CHAPTER 19. Acid-catalyzed Acetylation of Organic Hydroxyl Groups;216
7.20.1;REAGENTS AND SOLUTIONS;217
7.20.2;PROCEDURE;218
7.20.3;CONCENTRATION OF REAGENTS;218
7.20.4;SOLVENTS;219
7.20.5;MECHANISM OF ACETYLATION;220
7.20.6;OTHER REACTION CONDITIONS;221
7.20.7;RESULTS;222
7.20.8;INTERFERENCES;224
7.20.9;REFERENCES;225
7.21;CHAPTER 20. 1,2-Dichloroethane as a Solvent for Perchloric Acid-catalyzed Acetylation;227
7.21.1;ACETYLATION METHOD;228
7.21.2;REFERENCES;229
7.22;CHAPTER 21. Micro Acid-catalyzed Acetylation of Organic Hydroxyl Groups;230
7.22.1;INTRODUCTION;230
7.22.2;EXPERIMENTAL;231
7.22.3;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;233
7.22.4;REFERENCES;234
7.23;CHAPTER 22. Determination of Alkoxy Groups in Alkoxysilanes by Acid-catalyzed Acetylation;236
7.23.1;EXPERIMENTAL;237
7.23.2;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;238
7.23.3;REFERENCES;241
7.24;CHAPTER 23. Epoxy Acids from Oleic and Elaidic Acids;242
7.24.1;EXPERIMENTAL;243
7.25;CHAPTER 24. Direct Titration of Oxirane Oxygen with Hydrogen Bromide in Acetic Acid;245
7.25.1;REAGENTS;246
7.25.2;APPARATUS;246
7.25.3;PROCEDURE;246
7.25.4;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;247
7.25.5;REFERENCES;248
7.26;CHAPTER 25. Direct Titration of Epoxy Compounds and Aziridines;249
7.26.1;EXPERIMENTAL;250
7.26.2;DISCUSSION AND RESULTS;251
7.26.3;REFERENCES;252
7.27;CHAPTER 26. An Improved Direct Titration of a-Epoxy Compounds using Crystal Violet as the Indicator;253
7.27.1;EXPERIMENTAL;257
7.27.2;REFERENCES;258
7.28;CHAPTER 27. The Volumetric Determination of Anthracene with Maleic Anhydride;259
7.28.1;EXPERIMENTAL;261
7.28.2;REFERENCES;263
7.29;CHAPTER 28. Determination of Diels–Alder Active Dienes with Tetracyanoethylene;264
7.29.1;EXPERIMENTAL;266
7.29.2;PROCEDURES;267
7.29.3;REACTION CONDITIONS;269
7.29.4;TCNE;270
7.29.5;RESULTS;270
7.29.6;REFERENCES;271
7.30;CHAPTER 29. Precise Determination of the Molecular Weight of Trinitrobenzene Complexes;273
7.30.1;REAGENTS;275
7.30.2;PROCEDURE;275
7.30.3;RESULTS;276
7.30.4;DISCUSSION;277
7.30.5;REFERENCES;279
7.31;CHAPTER 30. A Study of the Pi Complexes of Tetracyanoethylene with Phenols, Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Aryl Ethers;280
7.31.1;EXPERIMENTAL;283
7.31.2;DISCUSSION;285
7.31.3;INTERFERENCES AND SELECTIVITY;288
7.31.4;REFERENCES;292
7.32;CHAPTER 31. Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl as an Organic Analytical Reagent in the Spectrophotometric Analysis of Phenols;294
7.32.1;EXPERIMENTAL;296
7.32.2;RESULTS AND DISCUSSION;298
7.32.3;REFERENCES;302
8;Index;304