Secchi / Neumann Agent-Based Simulation of Organizational Behavior

New Frontiers of Social Science Research
1. Auflage 2016
ISBN: 978-3-319-18153-0
Verlag: Springer Nature Switzerland
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, 347 Seiten

The aim of this book is to demonstrate how Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) can be used to enhance the study of social agency, organizational behavior and organizational management. It derives from a workshop, sponsored by the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behavior (AISB), held at Bournemouth University Business School in 2014 on 'Modelling Organizational Behavior and Social Agency'. The contents of this book are divided into four themes: Perspectives, Modeling Organizational Behavior, Philosophical and Methodological Perspective, and Modeling Organized Crime and Macro-Organizational Phenomena.ABM is a particular and advanced type of computer simulation where the focus of modeling shifts to the agent rather than to the system. This allows for complex and more realistic representations of reality, facilitating an innovative socio-cognitive perspective on organizational studies. The editors and contributing authors claim that the use of ABM may dramatically expand our understanding of human behavior in organizations. This is made possible because of (a) the computational power made available by technological advancements, (b) the relative ease of the programming, (c) the ability to borrow simulation practices from other disciplines, and (d) the ability to demonstrate how the ABM approach clearly enables a socio-cognitive perspective on organizational complexity.Showcasing contributions from academics and researchers of various backgrounds and discipline, this volumes provides a global, interdisciplinary perspective.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Secchi, Davide

Neumann, Martin

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;1 Exploring the New Frontier: Computational Studies of Organizational Behavior;10
3.1;1.1 A Misleading Divide: Cross-Disciplinary Fertilizationvs. Specialization;10
3.2;1.2 The Impact of Agent-Based Modeling for Studying Organizational Behavior;13
3.2.1;1.2.1 A Novel Approach: Interaction and Cognition;15
3.3;1.3 Overview of the Volume;16
3.4;1.4 Mapping the New Frontier;21
3.4.1;1.4.1 Building a Common Ground;21
3.4.2;1.4.2 Drawing the Map;23
3.5;References;24
4;Part I Perspectives;26
4.1;2 Emergent Organizations;27
4.1.1;2.1 Introduction;27
4.1.2;2.2 A Few ABMs in Organization Science;30
4.1.2.1;2.2.1 The GCM of Organizational Choice;31
4.1.2.2;2.2.2 Cellular Automata and the NK as Models of Organizational Interdependencies;32
4.1.2.3;2.2.3 ABMs of Agile Productive Plants;34
4.1.3;2.3 Concepts and Theories for New Applications;35
4.1.3.1;2.3.1 Unsupervised Neural Networks and Organizational Routines;37
4.1.3.2;2.3.2 Organizational Ecologies and Evolutionary Theory;42
4.1.4;2.4 Conclusions;46
4.1.5;References;46
4.2;3 Cognition Beyond the Body: Using ABM to Explore Cultural Ecosystems;50
4.2.1;3.1 On the Outer Reaches of Science;51
4.2.2;3.2 Observing and Diachrony: A Challenge for Science;52
4.2.3;3.3 Towards a Sociocognitive View of Cognitive Science;55
4.2.4;3.4 Investigating Ecosystemically Embedded Agents;56
4.2.5;3.5 The Northern Cities Shift;57
4.2.6;3.6 Premature Theorization and Social Science;60
4.2.7;3.7 Modeling: Life and Cognition;62
4.2.8;3.8 Cognition Beyond the Body;63
4.2.9;References;65
5;Part II Modeling Organizational Behavior;68
5.1;4 The Effects of Disorganization on Goals and Problem Solving;69
5.1.1;4.1 Introduction;69
5.1.2;4.2 Theoretical Framework;71
5.1.2.1;4.2.1 Disorganization;71
5.1.2.2;4.2.2 Operationalizing the Concept;73
5.1.2.3;4.2.3 Goal Setting;74
5.1.3;4.3 The Model;75
5.1.3.1;4.3.1 Space and Agents;76
5.1.3.2;4.3.2 Movement;78
5.1.3.3;4.3.3 Decision Rules;79
5.1.3.4;4.3.4 Motivation;80
5.1.3.5;4.3.5 Testing;81
5.1.4;4.4 Findings;81
5.1.5;4.5 Discussion and Conclusions;83
5.1.5.1;4.5.1 Limitations and Prospects for Further Research;86
5.1.5.2;4.5.2 Conclusions;87
5.1.6;References;88
5.2;5 Constructing Agent-Based Models of Organizational Routines;91
5.2.1;5.1 Introduction;91
5.2.2;5.2 Conceptualizing Organizational Routines;93
5.2.3;5.3 Contemporary Agent-Based Models of Organizational Routines;97
5.2.3.1;5.3.1 Overview of Models;98
5.2.3.2;5.3.2 Comparison of Models;100
5.2.3.3;5.3.3 Reflections on Constructing Simulations of Organizational Routines;104
5.2.4;5.4 Conclusion;107
5.2.4.1;5.4.1 Limitations;107
5.2.4.2;5.4.2 Future Research;108
5.2.5;References;109
5.3;6 CoopNet: A Social, P2P-Like Simulation Model to Explore Knowledge-Based Production Processes;114
5.3.1;6.1 Introduction;114
5.3.2;6.2 Hierarchy and Reciprocity;116
5.3.3;6.3 Computer Simulation Models as Theoretical Laboratories;118
5.3.4;6.4 Model;119
5.3.5;6.5 Individual Decision Making Algorithm;120
5.3.5.1;6.5.1 Play Phase;120
5.3.5.2;6.5.2 Rewire and Copy Phase;122
5.3.6;6.6 Human Resource Management Processes Algorithm;124
5.3.6.1;6.6.1 Reward Phase;124
5.3.6.2;6.6.2 Firing Phase;126
5.3.7;6.7 Experiments;127
5.3.7.1;6.7.1 Experimental Setup;127
5.3.7.2;6.7.2 Experimental Results;130
5.3.8;6.8 Discussion on Related Work and Contribution;134
5.3.9;6.9 Conclusions and Future Work;137
5.3.10;References;138
5.4;7 Conceptualizing and Modeling Multi-Level Organizational Co-evolution;142
5.4.1;7.1 Introduction;143
5.4.2;7.2 Conceptualizing Organizational Co-evolution;144
5.4.2.1;7.2.1 From Entity to Practice: Implicationsfor the Conceptualization of Co-evolution;147
5.4.3;7.3 Modeling Organizational Co-evolution;150
5.4.4;7.4 Implications for Empirical Investigations;154
5.4.4.1;7.4.1 Model Inputs;154
5.4.4.2;7.4.2 Model Outputs and Validation;156
5.4.5;7.5 Conclusions;158
5.4.6;References;158
5.5;8 Exploring Aspects of Coordination by Mutual Adjustment in Fluid Teams: An Agent-Based Modeling Approach;163
5.5.1;8.1 Introduction;164
5.5.2;8.2 Literature Review;165
5.5.2.1;8.2.1 Team Coordination Defined;165
5.5.2.2;8.2.2 How Teams Achieve Coordination;166
5.5.2.3;8.2.3 Antecedents to Team Coordination;167
5.5.2.4;8.2.4 Team Composition;167
5.5.2.5;8.2.5 Summarizing the Reviewed Literature;168
5.5.3;8.3 Methodological Issues;168
5.5.4;8.4 The Agent-Based Model of Team Coordination;169
5.5.5;8.5 Experiments and Results;171
5.5.5.1;8.5.1 Homogenous Teams;171
5.5.5.2;8.5.2 Heterogeneous Teams;172
5.5.5.3;8.5.3 Summing Up the Results;173
5.5.6;8.6 Discussion and Conclusion;173
5.5.6.1;8.6.1 Managerial Implications;174
5.5.7;8.7 Limitations and Suggestions for Future Research;175
5.5.8;References;175
5.6;9 Boundary Conditions for the Emergence of ``Docility'' in Organizations: Agent-Based Model and Simulation;178
5.6.1;9.1 Introduction and Problem Statement;178
5.6.1.1;9.1.1 Rationale for the Study;179
5.6.1.1.1;9.1.1.1 Timeliness and Fitness;179
5.6.1.1.2;9.1.1.2 Distributed Processes;181
5.6.1.1.3;9.1.1.3 Not Just Altruism;182
5.6.1.1.4;9.1.1.4 Range;183
5.6.2;9.2 The Model: Agents and Docility;183
5.6.2.1;9.2.1 Types of Individuals;184
5.6.2.2;9.2.2 Costs of Prosocial Behavior;185
5.6.2.3;9.2.3 Range of Interaction;186
5.6.2.4;9.2.4 Impact of Docility;187
5.6.2.5;9.2.5 Adaptation;187
5.6.2.6;9.2.6 Procedural Note and Expected Outcomes;188
5.6.3;9.3 Results;189
5.6.3.1;9.3.1 Negative Docility Impact;189
5.6.3.2;9.3.2 Range and Cost;191
5.6.3.3;9.3.3 The Docility Effect;192
5.6.4;9.4 Implications and Conclusions;194
5.6.4.1;9.4.1 Ideas for Future Research and Concluding Remarks;198
5.6.5;Appendix;199
5.6.5.1;Impact = -0.1;199
5.6.5.2;Impact = 0.1;200
5.6.6;References;200
6;Part III Philosophical and Methodological Perspectives;204
6.1;10 Intervening via Chance-Seeking;205
6.1.1;10.1 Introduction;205
6.1.2;10.2 Abduction and Intervention;206
6.1.2.1;10.2.1 Abduction and Hypothesis Generation;206
6.1.2.2;10.2.2 Intervention and Its Puzzles;209
6.1.2.3;10.2.3 Intervention and Its Logic;211
6.1.3;10.3 Intervention via Chance-Seeking;214
6.1.3.1;10.3.1 The Role of Chance Events;214
6.1.3.2;10.3.2 Environmental Unanticipatedness as a Resource for Action;216
6.1.3.3;10.3.3 Chance-Seeking as Tinkering with Chance Events;217
6.1.3.4;10.3.4 Chance-Seeking as a Phronetic Activity;219
6.1.4;10.4 Conclusions;220
6.1.5;References;221
6.2;11 Exploring Social and Asocial Agency in Agent-Based Systems;223
6.2.1;11.1 Introduction;223
6.2.2;11.2 Varieties of Agent-Based Systems;225
6.2.3;11.3 Potentiality and Actuality of Agent-Based Approaches;227
6.2.4;11.4 A Multidimensional Gradual Framework for Evaluating Socio-Technical Systems;228
6.2.5;11.5 Emergence in Agent-Based Systems;232
6.2.6;11.6 The Potential for Social and Asocial Agency in Agent-Based Modeling;234
6.2.7;11.7 Conclusions and Future Directions;235
6.2.8;References;236
6.3;12 Towards Nonlocal Field-Like Social Interactions: Oscillating Agent Based Conceptual and Simulation Framework;239
6.3.1;12.1 Introduction;239
6.3.2;12.2 Oscillation-Based Paradigm and Experimental Validation Framework;244
6.3.3;12.3 Oscillating Agent Model: Phonons and Quantum Mechanical Approach;251
6.3.4;12.4 Agent-Based Simulation: Excitation Propagation in Social Mediums;255
6.3.5;12.5 Concluding Remarks and Discussion;259
6.3.6;References;262
6.4;13 Analytical Approaches to Agent-Based Models;266
6.4.1;13.1 Introduction;266
6.4.2;13.2 The Original Process;269
6.4.3;13.3 The Deterministic Limit;272
6.4.4;13.4 The Stochastic Limit;275
6.4.4.1;13.4.1 The Diffusion Approximation;276
6.4.4.2;13.4.2 The Central Limit Theorem Approximation;277
6.4.5;13.5 Conclusions;282
6.4.6;Appendix: Technical Conditions;282
6.4.7;References;285
7;Part IV Macro Aspects of Organizational Behavior;288
7.1;14 Modeling Social Agency Using Diachronic Cognition: Learning from the Mafia;289
7.1.1;14.1 Human Modes of Organizing;290
7.1.2;14.2 Cognition: History and Time;291
7.1.3;14.3 Criminal Organizations as a Social Laboratory;294
7.1.4;14.4 Evolution of Cosa Nostra;295
7.1.4.1;14.4.1 Enaction of Organizational Norms;297
7.1.4.2;14.4.2 Socio-Cultural Embedding of the Organization;298
7.1.5;14.5 Lessons for Modeling;301
7.1.5.1;14.5.1 Intra-Agent Processes: A Computational Socio-Cognitive Theory of Social Agency;302
7.1.5.2;14.5.2 Inter-Agent Processes: Diachronic Co-evolution;306
7.1.6;14.6 Outlook: Modeling Diachronic Cognition;307
7.1.7;References;308
7.2;15 Water Controversies Between Conflict and Cooperation: Agent-Based Models for Non-traditional Security;311
7.2.1;15.1 ABM in Social Sciences and Conflict Studies;311
7.2.2;15.2 Water as Object of Security: The Case of Mekong Dams;313
7.2.3;15.3 The Model;317
7.2.4;15.4 Modelisation, Testing and Some Preliminary Conclusions: Ideas for Future Works;322
7.2.5;References;325
7.3;16 Open Innovation Networks and the Role of Intermediaries: An Agent-Based Simulation;328
7.3.1;16.1 Introduction;328
7.3.2;16.2 Literature Review;330
7.3.2.1;16.2.1 Open Innovation;330
7.3.2.2;16.2.2 Strategic Roles in Innovation Networks;331
7.3.3;16.3 Model;333
7.3.3.1;16.3.1 Modeling Strategy;333
7.3.3.2;16.3.2 Model Implementation;335
7.3.4;16.4 Results;336
7.3.5;16.5 Conclusions and Limitations;339
7.3.6;Appendix;341
7.3.7;References;342
8;Index;344