E-Book, Englisch, Band 55, 248 Seiten
Seiler / Gat Groundwater Recharge from Run-off, Infiltration and Percolation
1. Auflage 2007
ISBN: 978-1-4020-5306-1
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
E-Book, Englisch, Band 55, 248 Seiten
Reihe: Water Science and Technology Library
ISBN: 978-1-4020-5306-1
Verlag: Springer Netherlands
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark
To face the threats to the water supply and to maintain sustainable water management policies, detailed knowledge is needed on the surface-to-subsurface transformation link in the water cycle. Recharge flux is covered in this book as well as many other groundwater issues, including a comparison of the traditional and modern approaches to determine groundwater recharge. The authors also explain in detail the fate of groundwater recharge in the subsurface by hydraulic and geologic means, in order to stimulate adapted groundwater-management strategies.
Autoren/Hrsg.
Weitere Infos & Material
1;PREFACE;5
2;TABLE OF CONTENTS;7
3;ABBREVIATIONS AND DIMENSIONS;9
4;DEFINITIONS;12
5;CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION;15
6;CHAPTER 2 THE WATER CYCLE;19
6.1;2.1. DISTRIBUTION OF WATER ON EARTH;19
6.2;2.2. THE CONTINENTAL WATER CYCLE;22
6.2.1;2.2.1 The Components of the Water Cycle;24
6.2.2;2.2.2 Characteristics of Different Climate Zones;28
6.3;2.3. THE VADOSE ZONE AND ITS WATER BALANCE FOR DIFFERENT CLIMATE ZONES;30
6.4;2.4. RECHARGEABLE AND FOSSIL GROUNDWATER AND WATER EXPLOITATION;35
6.5;2.5. THE PLACE OF RECHARGE IN THE WATER CYCLE;41
7;CHAPTER 3 MECHANISMS AND PROCESSES OF RECHARGE;44
7.1;3.1. THE INPUT: PRECIPITATION AND SNOWMELT;45
7.2;3.2. WET AND DRY DEPOSITION AT THE INTERFACE ATMOSPHERE/LITHOSPHERE/BIOSPHERE;50
7.3;3.3. OVERLAND-FLOW AND INFILTRATION;56
7.4;3.4. MATRIX-FLOW AND PREFERENTIAL-FLOW;63
7.5;3.5. INTER-FLOW;69
7.6;3.6. RIVER-INFILTRATION;72
7.7;3.7. ARTIFICIAL RECHARGE;77
7.8;3.8. WATER VAPOR-FLUXES IN THE SUBSURFACE;79
8;CHAPTER 4 RESEARCH TOOLS AND METHODS IN THE STUDY OF RECHARGE;82
8.1;4.1. WATER BALANCE ESTIMATES;83
8.1.1;4.1.1 Estimate of Evapo-Transpiration;85
8.1.2;4.1.2 Hydrograph Analysis;91
8.1.3;4.1.3 Groundwater Level Fluctuations;97
8.2;4.2. LYSIMETER STUDIES;98
8.3;4.3. HYDRAULIC METHODS IN THE VADOSE ZONE;103
8.4;4.4. ISOTOPE AND CHEMICAL TRACERS;111
8.4.1;4.4.1 Stable and Radioactive Environmental Isotopes;117
8.4.1.1;4.4.1.1 Preparation techniques;124
8.4.1.2;4.4.1.2 Measuring techniques;126
8.4.2;4.4.2 Environmental Tracers for Recharge Determination;127
8.4.2.1;4.4.2.1 Environmental chloride;127
8.4.2.2;4.4.2.2 Environmental tritium;132
8.4.2.3;4.4.2.3 Environmental 2H and 18O;139
8.4.3;4.4.3 Artificial Tracers;155
8.4.4;4.4.4 Application of Tracers;161
8.5;4.5. WATER SAMPLING AND SAMPLE CONSERVATION;163
8.6;4.6. COMPARISON BETWEEN TRACERS AND CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES;166
9;CHAPTER 5 RECHARGE UNDER DIFFERENT CLIMATE REGIMES;172
9.1;5.1. HUMID CLIMATES;175
9.1.1;5.1.1 Conceptual Models;179
9.1.2;5.1.2 Water Balance and Separation of Discharge Components;183
9.2;5.2. SEMI-ARID CLIMATE;186
9.3;5.3. ARID CLIMATES;188
9.4;5.4. COLD CLIMATES;197
10;CHAPTER 6 MAN’S IMPACT ON THE GROUNDWATER RECHARGE;200
10.1;6.1. LAND USE CHANGE: AGRICULTURE;202
10.2;6.2. LAND USE CHANGES: URBAN AREAS;208
10.3;6.3. GLOBAL CHANGES AND THE WATER CYCLE;210
11;BIBLIOGRAPHY;214
12;SUBJECT INDEX;249
