Shalchi Nonlinear Cosmic Ray Diffusion Theories

2009
ISBN: 978-3-642-00309-7
Verlag: Springer
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: 1 - PDF Watermark

E-Book, Englisch, Band 362, 199 Seiten

Reihe: Astrophysics and Space Science Library

If charged particles move through the interplanetary or interstellar medium, they interact with a large-scale magnetic ?eld such as the magnetic ?eld of the Sun or the Galactic magnetic ?eld. As these background ?elds are usually nearly constant in time and space, they can be approximated by a homogeneous ?eld. If there are no additional ?elds, the particle trajectory is a perfect helix along which the par- cle moves at a constant speed. In reality, however, there are turbulent electric and magnetic?elds dueto the interstellaror solar wind plasma. These ?elds lead to sc- tering of the cosmic rays parallel and perpendicular to the background ?eld. These scattering effects, which usually are of diffusive nature, can be described by s- tial diffusion coef?cients or, alternatively, by mean free paths. The knowledge of these parameters is essential for describing cosmic ray propagation as well as d- fusive shock acceleration. The latter process is responsible for the high cosmic ray energies that have been observed. The layout of this book is as follows. In Chap. 1, the general physical scenario is presented. We discuss fundamental processes such as cosmic ray propagation and acceleration in different systems such as the solar system or the interst- lar space. These processes are a consequence of the interaction between charged cosmic particles and an astrophysical plasma (turbulence). The properties of such plasmas are therefore the subject of Chap. 2.

Autoren/Hrsg.

Shalchi, Andreas

Inhaltsverzeichnis

1;Preface;6
2;Contents;8
3;Acronyms;13
4;Chapter 1 The General Scenario;14
4.1;1.1 Cosmic Rays;14
4.2;1.2 The Unperturbed System;18
4.3;1.3 Particle Diffusion and the TGK Formulation;21
4.4;1.4 The Physics of Parallel Scattering;24
4.5;1.5 The Physics of Perpendicular Scattering;29
4.6;1.6 The Diffusion Tensor and Momentum Diffusion;33
4.7;1.7 Cosmic Ray Mean Free Paths Deduced from Observations;36
5;Chapter 2 On Astrophysical Turbulence;42
5.1;2.1 General Forms of the Magnetic Correlation Tensor;42
5.2;2.2 The Magnetostatic Slab Model;49
5.3;2.3 The Magnetostatic 2D Model;53
5.4;2.4 Linear and Nonlinear Theories for Stochastic Field Line Wandering;57
5.5;2.5 Dynamical Turbulence and PlasmaWave Propagation Effects;65
6;Chapter 3 The Quasilinear Theory;70
6.1;3.1 The Quasilinear Approximation;70
6.2;3.2 General Forms of Quasilinear Fokker–Planck Coefficients;72
6.3;3.3 Standard QLT (Magnetostatic Slab Turbulence);76
6.4;3.4 Quasilinear Theory for Magnetostatic 2D Turbulence;79
6.5;3.5 Quasilinear Transport in the Slab/2D Composite Model;84
6.6;3.6 Test-particle Simulations;86
6.7;3.7 The Three Problems of QLT;88
7;Chapter 4 The Nonlinear Guiding Center Theory;95
7.1;4.1 The Nonlinear Closure Approximation;95
7.2;4.2 The Bieber and Matthaeus Model;99
7.3;4.3 The Nonlinear Guiding Center Theory;103
7.4;4.4 Analytical Solutions of the NLGC Theory for Magnetostatic Slab Turbulence;105
7.5;4.5 NLGC Theory for Slab/2D Composite Geometry;107
8;Chapter 5 TheWeakly Nonlinear Theory;110
8.1;5.1 The Basic Idea of a Nonlinear Transport Theory;110
8.2;5.2 The Weakly Nonlinear Resonance Function;112
8.3;5.3 The Nonlinear Fokker–Planck Coefficients for Two-component Turbulence;115
8.4;5.4 Results of WNLT for the Parallel and the Perpendicular Mean Free Path;119
8.5;5.5 Is the Weakly Nonlinear Theory Reasonable?;125
9;Chapter 6 The Second-order QLT;126
9.1;6.1 Nonlinear Pitch-angle Diffusion in Pure Slab Turbulence;126
9.2;6.2 The Resonance Function of SOQLT;132
9.3;6.3 Comparison with Previous Theories;133
9.4;6.4 Analytical Results of SOQLT;136
9.5;6.5 Numerical Results for Fokker–Planck Coefficients and Mean Free Paths;139
9.6;6.6 Aspects of SOQLT;143
10;Chapter 7 The Extended Nonlinear Guiding Center Theory;146
10.1;7.1 The Slab Problem of Perpendicular Transport;146
10.2;7.2 Integration of the Equations of Motion;147
10.3;7.3 Application of Quasilinear Theory;148
10.4;7.4 The Nonlinear Guiding Center Model;152
10.5;7.5 The Extended Nonlinear Guiding Center Theory;156
10.6;7.6 Comparison with Test-particle Simulations;158
10.7;7.7 Compound Subdiffusion for Pure Slab Turbulence;161
10.8;7.8 Aspects of ENLGC Theory;163
11;Chapter 8 Applications;165
11.1;8.1 Particle Transport in the Heliosphere;165
11.2;8.2 Particle Acceleration at Perpendicular Shock Waves;178
11.3;8.3 Primary-to-Secondary Abundance Ratio of Galactic Cosmic Rays;185
12;Chapter 9 Summary and Outlook;189
12.1;9.1 Summary;189
12.2;9.2 Outlook;193
13;References;197
14;Index;205